We present precise Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect measurements in the direction of 62 nearby galax... more We present precise Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect measurements in the direction of 62 nearby galaxy clusters (z < 0.5) detected at high signal-tonoise in the first Planck all-sky data set. The sample spans approximately a decade in total mass, 2 × 10 14 M < M 500 < 2 × 10 15 M , where M 500 is the mass corresponding to a total density contrast of 500. Combining these high quality Planck measurements with deep XMM-Newton X-ray data, we investigate the relations between D 2 A Y 500 , the integrated Compton parameter due to the SZ effect, and the X-ray-derived gas mass M g,500 , temperature T X , luminosity L X,500 , SZ signal analogue Y X,500 = M g,500 × T X , and total mass M 500 . After correction for the effect of selection bias on the scaling relations, we find results that are in excellent agreement with both X-ray predictions and recently-published ground-based data derived from smaller samples. The present data yield an exceptionally robust, high-quality local reference...
We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inflation. The Planck nominal mission t... more We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inflation. The Planck nominal mission temperature anisotropy measurements, combined with the WMAP large-angle polarization, constrain the scalar spectral index to be ns = 0.9603 ± 0.0073, ruling out exact scale invariance at over 5σ. Planck establishes an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.11 (95% CL). The Planck data thus shrink the space of allowed standard inflationary models, preferring potentials with V ′′ < 0. Exponential potential models, the simplest hybrid inflationary models, and monomial potential models of degree n ≥ 2 do not provide a good fit to the data. Planck does not find statistically significant running of the scalar spectral index, obtaining dns/dln k = −0.0134 ± 0.0090. We verify these conclusions through a numerical analysis, which makes no slowroll approximation, and carry out a Bayesian parameter estimation and model-selection analysis for a number of inflationary models includin...
On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotrop... more On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are gently perturbed by gravitational lensing. Here we present a detailed study of this effect, detecting lensing independently in the 100, 143, and 217 GHz frequency bands with an overall significance of greater than 25σ. We use the temperature-gradient correlations induced by lensing to reconstruct a (noisy) map of the CMB lensing potential, which provides an integrated measure of the mass distribution back to the CMB last-scattering surface. Our lensing potential map is significantly correlated with other tracers of mass, a fact which we demonstrate using several representative tracers of large-scale structure. We estimate the power spectrum of the lensing potential, finding generally good agreement with expectations from the best-fitting ΛCDM model for the Planck temperature power spectrum, showing that this measurement at z = 1100 correctly predicts the properties of the lower-r...
A new scheme of sky pixelization GLESP (Gauss-LEgendre Sky Pixelization) is developed for CMB map... more A new scheme of sky pixelization GLESP (Gauss-LEgendre Sky Pixelization) is developed for CMB maps. The scheme is based on the Gauss-Legendre polynomials zeros and allows one to create strict orthogonal expansion of the map. A corresponding code has been implemented and comparison with other methods has been done. The package has been realized using basic principles of the FADPS data reduction system. The structure and the main procedures of the package are described.
We discuss some new problems of the modern cosmology which arose after the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1... more We discuss some new problems of the modern cosmology which arose after the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1 successful missions. Statistics of high peaks of the CMB anisotropy is analyzed and we discuss possible inner structure of such peaks in the observational data of future MAP and PLANCK missions. We have investigated geometrical and statistical properties of the CMB polarization around such high isolated peaks of anisotropy in the presence of a polarized pixel noise and point sources. The structure of polarization fields in the vicinity of singular points with zero polarization is very sensitive to the level of pixel noises and point sources in the CMB maps.
In this paper we develop the theory of clustering of peaks in a Gaussian random field of the cosm... more In this paper we develop the theory of clustering of peaks in a Gaussian random field of the cosmic microwave background polarization. We have simulated 100 × 100 sky maps of anisotropy and polarization expected from a standard CDM cosmological model with 6' resolution. We have investigated the dependence of the mean length of clusters in anisotropy and polarization on the cross levels of the maps. We explore the role of non-Gaussian noise in the primordial signal and show that the methods of the cluster analysis and percolation are very useful for the detection of this noise in the maps of anisotropy and polarization.
Item does not contain fulltextAnomalous microwave emission (AME) is believed to be due to electri... more Item does not contain fulltextAnomalous microwave emission (AME) is believed to be due to electric dipole radiation from small spinning dust grains. The aim of this paper is a statistical study of the basic properties of AME regions and the environment in which they emit. We used WMAP and Planck maps, combined with ancillary radio and IR data, to construct a sample of 98 candidate AME sources, assembling SEDs for each source using aperture photometry on 1°-smoothed maps from 0.408 GHz up to 3000 GHz. Each spectrum is fitted with a simple model of free-free, synchrotron (where necessary), cosmic microwave background (CMB), thermal dust, and spinning dust components. We find that 42 of the 98 sources have significant (>5σ) excess emission at frequencies between 20 and 60 GHz. An analysis of the potential contribution of optically thick free-free emission from ultra-compact H ii regions, using IR colour criteria, reduces the significant AME sample to 27 regions. The spectrum of the AME is consistent with model spectra of spinning dust. Peak frequencies are in the range 20−35 GHz except for the California nebula (NGC 1499), which appears to have a high spinning dust peak frequency of (50 ± 17) GHz. The AME regions tend to be more spatially extended than regions with little or no AME. The AME intensity is strongly correlated with the sub-millimetre/IR flux densities and comparable to previous AME detections in the literature. AME emissivity, defined as the ratio of AME to dust optical depth, varies by an order of magnitude for the AME regions. The AME regions tend to be associated with cooler dust in the range 14−20 K and an average emissivity index, βd, of +1.8, while the non-AME regions are typically warmer, at 20−27 K. In agreement with previous studies, the AME emissivity appears to decrease with increasing column density. This supports the idea of AME originating from small grains that are known to be depleted in dense regions, probably due to coagulation onto larger grains. We also find a correlation between the AME emissivity (and to a lesser degree the spinning dust peak frequency) and the intensity of the interstellar radiation field, G0. Modelling of this trend suggests that both radiative and collisional excitation are important for the spinning dust emission. The most significant AME regions tend to have relatively less ionized gas (free-free emission), although this could be a selection effect. The infrared excess, a measure of the heating of dust associated with H ii regions, is typically >4 for AME sources, indicating that the dust is not primarily heated by hot OB stars. The AME regions are associated with known dark nebulae and have higher 12 μm/25 μm ratios. The emerging picture is that the bulk of the AME is coming from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small dust grains from the colder neutral interstellar medium phase
The Planck design and scanning strategy provide many levels of redundancy that can be exploited t... more The Planck design and scanning strategy provide many levels of redundancy that can be exploited to provide tests of internal consistency. One of the most important is the comparison of the 70 GHz (amplifier) and 100 GHz (bolometer) channels. Based on different instrument technologies, with feeds located differently in the focal plane, analysed independently by different teams using different software, and near the minimum of diffuse foreground emission, these channels are in effect two different experiments. The 143 GHz channel has the lowest noise level on Planck, and is near the minimum of unresolved foreground emission. In this paper, we analyse the level of consistency achieved in the 2013 Planck data. We concentrate on comparisons between the 70, 100, and 143 GHz channel maps and power spectra, particularly over the angular scales of the first and second acoustic peaks, on maps masked for diffuse Galactic emission and for strong unresolved sources. Difference maps covering angu...
Using data from the Planck satellite, we study the statistical properties of interstellar dust po... more Using data from the Planck satellite, we study the statistical properties of interstellar dust polarization at high Galactic latitudes. Our aim is to advance the understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM), and to provide a modelling framework of the polarized dust foreground for use in cosmic microwave background (CMB) component-separation procedures. Focusing on the southern Galactic cap (b < −60◦), we examine the Stokes I, Q, and U maps at 353 GHz, and particularly the statistical distribution of the polarization fraction (p) and angle (ψ), in order to characterize the ordered and turbulent components of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) in the solar neighbourhood. The Q and U maps show patterns at large angular scales, which we relate to the mean orientation of the GMF towards Galactic coordinates (l0, b0) = (70◦±5◦, 24◦±5◦). The histogram of the observed p values shows a wide dispersion up to 25 %. The histogram of ψ has a standard deviation of 12◦ about the re...
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, 2015
The Planck satellite has provided an unprecedented view of the submm sky, allowing us to search f... more The Planck satellite has provided an unprecedented view of the submm sky, allowing us to search for the dust emission of Galactic cold sources. Combining Planck-HFI all-sky maps in the high frequency channels with the IRAS map at 100um, we built the Planck catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC, Planck 2015 results. XXVIII), counting 13188 sources distributed over the whole sky, and following mainly the Galactic structures at low and intermediate latitudes. This is the first all-sky catalogue of Galactic cold sources obtained with a single instrument at this resolution and sensitivity, which opens a new window on star-formation processes in our Galaxy.
We present precise Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect measurements in the direction of 62 nearby galax... more We present precise Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect measurements in the direction of 62 nearby galaxy clusters (z < 0.5) detected at high signal-tonoise in the first Planck all-sky data set. The sample spans approximately a decade in total mass, 2 × 10 14 M < M 500 < 2 × 10 15 M , where M 500 is the mass corresponding to a total density contrast of 500. Combining these high quality Planck measurements with deep XMM-Newton X-ray data, we investigate the relations between D 2 A Y 500 , the integrated Compton parameter due to the SZ effect, and the X-ray-derived gas mass M g,500 , temperature T X , luminosity L X,500 , SZ signal analogue Y X,500 = M g,500 × T X , and total mass M 500 . After correction for the effect of selection bias on the scaling relations, we find results that are in excellent agreement with both X-ray predictions and recently-published ground-based data derived from smaller samples. The present data yield an exceptionally robust, high-quality local reference...
We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inflation. The Planck nominal mission t... more We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inflation. The Planck nominal mission temperature anisotropy measurements, combined with the WMAP large-angle polarization, constrain the scalar spectral index to be ns = 0.9603 ± 0.0073, ruling out exact scale invariance at over 5σ. Planck establishes an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.11 (95% CL). The Planck data thus shrink the space of allowed standard inflationary models, preferring potentials with V ′′ < 0. Exponential potential models, the simplest hybrid inflationary models, and monomial potential models of degree n ≥ 2 do not provide a good fit to the data. Planck does not find statistically significant running of the scalar spectral index, obtaining dns/dln k = −0.0134 ± 0.0090. We verify these conclusions through a numerical analysis, which makes no slowroll approximation, and carry out a Bayesian parameter estimation and model-selection analysis for a number of inflationary models includin...
On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotrop... more On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are gently perturbed by gravitational lensing. Here we present a detailed study of this effect, detecting lensing independently in the 100, 143, and 217 GHz frequency bands with an overall significance of greater than 25σ. We use the temperature-gradient correlations induced by lensing to reconstruct a (noisy) map of the CMB lensing potential, which provides an integrated measure of the mass distribution back to the CMB last-scattering surface. Our lensing potential map is significantly correlated with other tracers of mass, a fact which we demonstrate using several representative tracers of large-scale structure. We estimate the power spectrum of the lensing potential, finding generally good agreement with expectations from the best-fitting ΛCDM model for the Planck temperature power spectrum, showing that this measurement at z = 1100 correctly predicts the properties of the lower-r...
A new scheme of sky pixelization GLESP (Gauss-LEgendre Sky Pixelization) is developed for CMB map... more A new scheme of sky pixelization GLESP (Gauss-LEgendre Sky Pixelization) is developed for CMB maps. The scheme is based on the Gauss-Legendre polynomials zeros and allows one to create strict orthogonal expansion of the map. A corresponding code has been implemented and comparison with other methods has been done. The package has been realized using basic principles of the FADPS data reduction system. The structure and the main procedures of the package are described.
We discuss some new problems of the modern cosmology which arose after the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1... more We discuss some new problems of the modern cosmology which arose after the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1 successful missions. Statistics of high peaks of the CMB anisotropy is analyzed and we discuss possible inner structure of such peaks in the observational data of future MAP and PLANCK missions. We have investigated geometrical and statistical properties of the CMB polarization around such high isolated peaks of anisotropy in the presence of a polarized pixel noise and point sources. The structure of polarization fields in the vicinity of singular points with zero polarization is very sensitive to the level of pixel noises and point sources in the CMB maps.
In this paper we develop the theory of clustering of peaks in a Gaussian random field of the cosm... more In this paper we develop the theory of clustering of peaks in a Gaussian random field of the cosmic microwave background polarization. We have simulated 100 × 100 sky maps of anisotropy and polarization expected from a standard CDM cosmological model with 6' resolution. We have investigated the dependence of the mean length of clusters in anisotropy and polarization on the cross levels of the maps. We explore the role of non-Gaussian noise in the primordial signal and show that the methods of the cluster analysis and percolation are very useful for the detection of this noise in the maps of anisotropy and polarization.
Item does not contain fulltextAnomalous microwave emission (AME) is believed to be due to electri... more Item does not contain fulltextAnomalous microwave emission (AME) is believed to be due to electric dipole radiation from small spinning dust grains. The aim of this paper is a statistical study of the basic properties of AME regions and the environment in which they emit. We used WMAP and Planck maps, combined with ancillary radio and IR data, to construct a sample of 98 candidate AME sources, assembling SEDs for each source using aperture photometry on 1°-smoothed maps from 0.408 GHz up to 3000 GHz. Each spectrum is fitted with a simple model of free-free, synchrotron (where necessary), cosmic microwave background (CMB), thermal dust, and spinning dust components. We find that 42 of the 98 sources have significant (>5σ) excess emission at frequencies between 20 and 60 GHz. An analysis of the potential contribution of optically thick free-free emission from ultra-compact H ii regions, using IR colour criteria, reduces the significant AME sample to 27 regions. The spectrum of the AME is consistent with model spectra of spinning dust. Peak frequencies are in the range 20−35 GHz except for the California nebula (NGC 1499), which appears to have a high spinning dust peak frequency of (50 ± 17) GHz. The AME regions tend to be more spatially extended than regions with little or no AME. The AME intensity is strongly correlated with the sub-millimetre/IR flux densities and comparable to previous AME detections in the literature. AME emissivity, defined as the ratio of AME to dust optical depth, varies by an order of magnitude for the AME regions. The AME regions tend to be associated with cooler dust in the range 14−20 K and an average emissivity index, βd, of +1.8, while the non-AME regions are typically warmer, at 20−27 K. In agreement with previous studies, the AME emissivity appears to decrease with increasing column density. This supports the idea of AME originating from small grains that are known to be depleted in dense regions, probably due to coagulation onto larger grains. We also find a correlation between the AME emissivity (and to a lesser degree the spinning dust peak frequency) and the intensity of the interstellar radiation field, G0. Modelling of this trend suggests that both radiative and collisional excitation are important for the spinning dust emission. The most significant AME regions tend to have relatively less ionized gas (free-free emission), although this could be a selection effect. The infrared excess, a measure of the heating of dust associated with H ii regions, is typically >4 for AME sources, indicating that the dust is not primarily heated by hot OB stars. The AME regions are associated with known dark nebulae and have higher 12 μm/25 μm ratios. The emerging picture is that the bulk of the AME is coming from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and small dust grains from the colder neutral interstellar medium phase
The Planck design and scanning strategy provide many levels of redundancy that can be exploited t... more The Planck design and scanning strategy provide many levels of redundancy that can be exploited to provide tests of internal consistency. One of the most important is the comparison of the 70 GHz (amplifier) and 100 GHz (bolometer) channels. Based on different instrument technologies, with feeds located differently in the focal plane, analysed independently by different teams using different software, and near the minimum of diffuse foreground emission, these channels are in effect two different experiments. The 143 GHz channel has the lowest noise level on Planck, and is near the minimum of unresolved foreground emission. In this paper, we analyse the level of consistency achieved in the 2013 Planck data. We concentrate on comparisons between the 70, 100, and 143 GHz channel maps and power spectra, particularly over the angular scales of the first and second acoustic peaks, on maps masked for diffuse Galactic emission and for strong unresolved sources. Difference maps covering angu...
Using data from the Planck satellite, we study the statistical properties of interstellar dust po... more Using data from the Planck satellite, we study the statistical properties of interstellar dust polarization at high Galactic latitudes. Our aim is to advance the understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium (ISM), and to provide a modelling framework of the polarized dust foreground for use in cosmic microwave background (CMB) component-separation procedures. Focusing on the southern Galactic cap (b < −60◦), we examine the Stokes I, Q, and U maps at 353 GHz, and particularly the statistical distribution of the polarization fraction (p) and angle (ψ), in order to characterize the ordered and turbulent components of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) in the solar neighbourhood. The Q and U maps show patterns at large angular scales, which we relate to the mean orientation of the GMF towards Galactic coordinates (l0, b0) = (70◦±5◦, 24◦±5◦). The histogram of the observed p values shows a wide dispersion up to 25 %. The histogram of ψ has a standard deviation of 12◦ about the re...
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, 2015
The Planck satellite has provided an unprecedented view of the submm sky, allowing us to search f... more The Planck satellite has provided an unprecedented view of the submm sky, allowing us to search for the dust emission of Galactic cold sources. Combining Planck-HFI all-sky maps in the high frequency channels with the IRAS map at 100um, we built the Planck catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC, Planck 2015 results. XXVIII), counting 13188 sources distributed over the whole sky, and following mainly the Galactic structures at low and intermediate latitudes. This is the first all-sky catalogue of Galactic cold sources obtained with a single instrument at this resolution and sensitivity, which opens a new window on star-formation processes in our Galaxy.
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