Papers by Oliver Ojinnaka
OAlib, 2021
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American Journal of Geographic Information System, 2015
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AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society
Undulating terrain has continued to aggravate pipe-borne water supply challenges in the Enugu Urb... more Undulating terrain has continued to aggravate pipe-borne water supply challenges in the Enugu Urban area. The rapid increase in urbanization has worsened the situation. This, therefore, calls for the deployment of systems that can support the effective planning of surface and underground facilities for the development of an efficient water distribution network in this region. Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Hydrographic Survey, and Geophysical Survey, collectively referred to as geospatial technologies, have been combined in different ways by developed nations to resolve challenges facing surface and underground facilities. This study, therefore, demonstrates the application of this technology in designing an efficient water distribution network for urban areas with undulating terrain. The spot heights dataset extracted from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) satellite imagery offered the bases for the re-structure of the existing water distribution network ma...
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OALib
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International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 2019
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Australian Surveyor, 1991
ABSTRACT The theory of a recently developed method of curve ranging known as the Optimum Point Me... more ABSTRACT The theory of a recently developed method of curve ranging known as the Optimum Point Method (OPM) is reviewed. Among the advantages of the OPM is its ability to provide on-the-spot solution to most types of obstruction encountered in the field. This facilitates a continuous and uninterrupted setting out process irrespective of the spread of obstacles and without loss of accuracy at any point.The paper highlights the different types of obstructions which could be encountered in the field. The techniques adopted in overcoming these obstacles, with the aid of the OPM, are also discussed. It is verified that the OPM gives a ready solution to most types of obstructions which usually confront the surveyor in the course of staking-out operation.
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Survey Review, 1991
... Survey Review, 31, 240 (April 1991) OPTIMUM POINT METHOD OF CURVE RANGING AS APPLIED TO SPIRA... more ... Survey Review, 31, 240 (April 1991) OPTIMUM POINT METHOD OF CURVE RANGING AS APPLIED TO SPIRALS NK Ndukwe and OC Ojinnaka University of Nigeria ... Page 4. Published by Maney Publishing (c) Survey Review Ltd A (TS) NK NDUKWE AND OC OJINNAKA Fig. ...
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International Journal of Geoinformatics and Geological Science
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Survey Review, 1989
... o. C. Ojinnaka and NK Ndukwe Department of Surveying, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Enugu Campu... more ... o. C. Ojinnaka and NK Ndukwe Department of Surveying, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Enugu Campus, University of Nigeria ... OC OJINNAKAAND NK NDUKWE calculations are correct and no coordinate misclosure exists, then the equation below will be satisfied: (12) ...
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Acoustic velocity is known to vary with temperature, depth and salinity (TDS). Calibration of aco... more Acoustic velocity is known to vary with temperature, depth and salinity (TDS). Calibration of acoustic systems is required at the beginning and end (and sometimes midway) of each hydrographic operation, in order to correct for these velocity variations. Estuarine waters in the tropics were investigated employing wide combinations of temperature, depth and salinity to verify the relationships between these parameters and the acoustic velocity. A maximum error in depth of 0.2m was obtained. Consequently, in the absence of other sources of errors, acoustic systems may need to be calibrated only once in the cause of a full day bathymetric survey operation in the tropics.
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International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, Dec 8, 2019
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The theory of a recently developed method of curve ranging known as the Optimum Point Method (OPM... more The theory of a recently developed method of curve ranging known as the Optimum Point Method (OPM) is reviewed. Among the advantages of the OPM is its ability to provide on-the-spot solution to most types of obstruction encountered in the field. This facilitates a continuous and uninterrupted setting out process irrespective of the spread of obstacles and without loss of accuracy at any point. The paper highlights the different types of obstructions which could be encountered in the field. The techniques adopted in overcoming these obstacles, with the aid of the OPM, are also discussed. It is verified that the OPM gives a ready solution to most types of obstructions which usually confront the surveyor in the course of staking-out operation.
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The International Hydrographic Review, 2008
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The International Hydrographic Review, Jun 6, 2008
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Acoustic velocity is known to vary with temperature, depth and salinity (TDS). Calibration of aco... more Acoustic velocity is known to vary with temperature, depth and salinity (TDS). Calibration of acoustic systems is required at the beginning and end (and sometimes midway) of each hydrographic operation, in order to correct for these velocity variations. Estuarine waters in the tropics were investigated employing wide combinations of temperature, depth and salinity to verify the relationships between these parameters and the acoustic velocity. A maximum error in depth of 0.2m was obtained. Consequently, in the absence of other sources of errors, acoustic systems may need to be calibrated only once in the cause of a full day bathymetric survey operation in the tropics.
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Survey Review, 1991
... Survey Review, 31, 240 (April 1991) OPTIMUM POINT METHOD OF CURVE RANGING AS APPLIED TO SPIRA... more ... Survey Review, 31, 240 (April 1991) OPTIMUM POINT METHOD OF CURVE RANGING AS APPLIED TO SPIRALS NK Ndukwe and OC Ojinnaka University of Nigeria ... Page 4. Published by Maney Publishing (c) Survey Review Ltd A (TS) NK NDUKWE AND OC OJINNAKA Fig. ...
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International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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Acoustic velocity is known to vary with temperature, depth and salinity (TDS). Calibration of aco... more Acoustic velocity is known to vary with temperature, depth and salinity (TDS). Calibration of acoustic systems is required at the beginning and end (and sometimes midway) of each hydrographic operation, in order to correct for these velocity variations. Estuarine waters in the tropics were investigated employing wide combinations of temperature, depth and salinity to verify the relationships between these parameters and the acoustic velocity. A maximum error in depth of 0.2m was obtained. Consequently, in the absence of other sources of errors, acoustic systems may need to be calibrated only once in the cause of a full day bathymetric survey operation in the tropics.
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The application of modern surveying techniques has greatly reduced the rigours associated with en... more The application of modern surveying techniques has greatly reduced the rigours associated with engineering surveys. The known properties of curves have also been incorporated in these techniques in the setting out operations and accuracy is usually enhanced by applying arc-to-chord correction. It has however been difficult to differentiate between the errors due to field operation and that due to curve ranging technique employed. A new and unique property of circular curves known as Curve Constant (CC) has been developed in this work. The CC is employed to facilitate planning in curve ranging and also serves as an aid in quality control for setting out. The theory is developed from the principles of the Optimum Point Method of curve ranging and the derivation of the CC by both empirical and theoritical methods are discussed. A simplified version of the formula is given at the end for ease of computation. The highlighted applications of the CC confirm this property as an invaluable tool for planning in curve ranging operations.
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Papers by Oliver Ojinnaka