Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that is caused by ground shaking in soil. Ground respo... more Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that is caused by ground shaking in soil. Ground response analysis is conducted to obtain the ground motion acceleration on soil surface. Conventional 1-D ground response analysis often suggests that soils are horizontally layered, with little consideration for heterogeneous distribution of soil properties. In this study, literature on 2-D ground response analysis studies has been study as it covers vertically and horizontally waves. Therefore, researcher works were presented in numerical modelling as substantial parameters for studies in near-surface structure. Besides, aspects for future research in the area 2-Dimensional Ground Response Analysis are included. The paper contributes to the under- standing of 2-Dimensional Ground Response Analysis for the application of seismic risk mitigation.
Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used ... more Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used for a wide range of applications, including subways and railways, highways, material storage, and sewage and water transport. Underground facilities built in areas subject to earthquake activity must withstand both seismic and static loading. Historically, underground facilities have experienced a lower rate of damage than surface structures. Nevertheless, some underground structures have experienced significant damage in recent large earthquakes, including the 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake, the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake and the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake. In order to understand the behavior of underground structure during earthquake and blast loads, a wide collection of case histories has been reviewed from the available literature and some of them have been described in detail. Criteria are also shown in the papers which are used to classify the damage database. Such a classif...
Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used ... more Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used for a wide range of applications, including subways and railways, highways, material storage, and sewage and water transport. Underground facilities built in areas subject to earthquake activity must withstand both seismic and static loading. Historically, underground facilities have experienced a lower rate of damage than surface structures. Nevertheless, some underground structures have experienced significant damage in recent large earthquakes, including the 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake, the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake and the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake. In order to understand the behavior of underground structure during earthquake and blast loads, a wide collection of case histories has been reviewed from the available literature and some of them have been described in detail. Criteria are also shown in the papers which are used to classify the damage database. Such a classif...
Earthquake is one of the biggest natural phenomena that causes damage and loss of life. Malaysia ... more Earthquake is one of the biggest natural phenomena that causes damage and loss of life. Malaysia is prone to seismic tremors originating from nearby countries such as Indonesia and Philippines. The Sumatran earthquake in 2005 has raised questions about the structural stability and integrity in Malaysia including tunnel structures, given the substantial seismic effect from Sumatran earthquake. In addition, the waves that pass through soil medium would affect the behaviour of subsurface structure in tunnels. The scope of this study focused on Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT Sungai Buloh – Kajang Line) in Malaysia. Rubber based isolators were inserted underneath the floating slab track of the tunnel to study the effectiveness of the isolated installation under earthquake loading and to identify the functions of the base isolator system used for the floating slab track of a tunnel. The finite element analysis of the individual base isolator conforms to the experimental laboratory...
Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that is caused by ground shaking in soil. Ground respo... more Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that is caused by ground shaking in soil. Ground response analysis is conducted to obtain the ground motion acceleration on soil surface. Conventional 1-D ground response analysis often suggests that soils are horizontally layered, with little consideration for heterogeneous distribution of soil properties. In this study, literature on 2-D ground response analysis studies has been study as it covers vertically and horizontally waves. Therefore, researcher works were presented in numerical modelling as substantial parameters for studies in near-surface structure. Besides, aspects for future research in the area 2-Dimensional Ground Response Analysis are included. The paper contributes to the under- standing of 2-Dimensional Ground Response Analysis for the application of seismic risk mitigation.
Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used ... more Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used for a wide range of applications, including subways and railways, highways, material storage, and sewage and water transport. Underground facilities built in areas subject to earthquake activity must withstand both seismic and static loading. Historically, underground facilities have experienced a lower rate of damage than surface structures. Nevertheless, some underground structures have experienced significant damage in recent large earthquakes, including the 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake, the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake and the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake. In order to understand the behavior of underground structure during earthquake and blast loads, a wide collection of case histories has been reviewed from the available literature and some of them have been described in detail. Criteria are also shown in the papers which are used to classify the damage database. Such a classif...
Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used ... more Underground facilities are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern society and are used for a wide range of applications, including subways and railways, highways, material storage, and sewage and water transport. Underground facilities built in areas subject to earthquake activity must withstand both seismic and static loading. Historically, underground facilities have experienced a lower rate of damage than surface structures. Nevertheless, some underground structures have experienced significant damage in recent large earthquakes, including the 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake, the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake and the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake. In order to understand the behavior of underground structure during earthquake and blast loads, a wide collection of case histories has been reviewed from the available literature and some of them have been described in detail. Criteria are also shown in the papers which are used to classify the damage database. Such a classif...
Earthquake is one of the biggest natural phenomena that causes damage and loss of life. Malaysia ... more Earthquake is one of the biggest natural phenomena that causes damage and loss of life. Malaysia is prone to seismic tremors originating from nearby countries such as Indonesia and Philippines. The Sumatran earthquake in 2005 has raised questions about the structural stability and integrity in Malaysia including tunnel structures, given the substantial seismic effect from Sumatran earthquake. In addition, the waves that pass through soil medium would affect the behaviour of subsurface structure in tunnels. The scope of this study focused on Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT Sungai Buloh – Kajang Line) in Malaysia. Rubber based isolators were inserted underneath the floating slab track of the tunnel to study the effectiveness of the isolated installation under earthquake loading and to identify the functions of the base isolator system used for the floating slab track of a tunnel. The finite element analysis of the individual base isolator conforms to the experimental laboratory...
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