This paper provides a rapid response analysis of the changing geographies of ethnic diversity and... more This paper provides a rapid response analysis of the changing geographies of ethnic diversity and segregation in England and Wales using Census data covering the last 30 years (1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021), a period of significant social, economic and political change. Presenting the first detailed analysis of 2021 Census small area ethnic group data, we find that the growth of ethnic diversity at the national level is mirrored across residential neighbourhoods. Increasing numbers of neighbourhoods are home to a substantial mix of people from different ethnic groups, and this growing neighbourhood ethnic diversity has been spatially diffusing across all regions of England and Wales. We argue that to understand the ethnic mosaic across England and Wales, it is more illuminating to consider mix than majority: places labelled as ‘minority‐majority’ are, in fact, ethnically diverse spaces, home to sizable proportions of people from many ethnic groups. Increasing ethnic diversity is matche...
Each year in Scotland, around 50,000 young people complete their secondary education and leave sc... more Each year in Scotland, around 50,000 young people complete their secondary education and leave school. This period of educational transition is laden with risks and opportunities; significant decisions are made and life chances established. This thesis explores the divergent educational experiences and outcomes of school leavers in Scotland using mixed methods and is situated within debates about structural inequalities in the UK. Inequalities in educational achievement appear to be associated with three key drivers, socio-economic status, ethnicity and gender. Most recent research has looked at these factors separately. This study examines ethnic and migrant background alongside other axes of difference in order to gain a more accurate picture of the educational transitions of school leavers in Scotland. The findings draw on repeat interviews with school leavers (n=34) in two contrasting secondary schools over a period of two years. In addition, a novel linkage of two administrativ...
Research on international migrants traditionally focused on their international moves only. In th... more Research on international migrants traditionally focused on their international moves only. In this study we expand on this work by looking at the internal mobility of international migrants living in Belgium. In our paper we will pay special attention to the case of Brussels, the main urban area in Belgium. This article studies the level of internal mobility of international migrants as compared to the majority group. We also test whether the same or different patterns of mobility are found among different origin groups in Belgium. Second, we study where international migrants move to by distinguishing between different areas and regions. Finally, we question how and to what extent neighbourhood characteristics are important for internal mobility of international migrants. Our work is based on the 2001 census and the 2006 register data of Belgium including the total population. The data are unique as beside regular data we also have detailed information on the evaluated and objecti...
This study investigates ethnic differences in self‐assessed health in Scotland and their determin... more This study investigates ethnic differences in self‐assessed health in Scotland and their determinants, focusing on socio‐economic status and migrant generations. We use the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study (SHELS) and apply regression analysis to data for 4.6 million people. The analysis shows that the White British, Other White and Chinese groups reported better health than the White Scottish population, whereas Pakistani and Indian populations had worse health outcomes. For the latter two groups, this contrasts with previous findings of mortality advantage and thus highlights a morbidity–mortality paradox in these South Asian populations. Our findings imply that socio‐economic deprivation, health selection and acculturation explain health inequalities for some ethnic groups, but for other groups, especially those of Pakistani origin, other mechanisms deserve further exploration.
Migration scholarship has recently paid attention to lifecourse and non‐economic effects of movin... more Migration scholarship has recently paid attention to lifecourse and non‐economic effects of moving house. Yet consideration of the effects of internal migration in later life has been relatively neglected despite their implications for social and spatial inequalities. Thus we address two questions: how trajectories of wellbeing in later life vary for movers and non‐movers, and how the event of moving affects wellbeing. In both cases we distinguish between “voluntary” and “involuntary” movers. We use 10 years (2002–2012) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) to analyse trends in wellbeing for age cohorts and to examine how wellbeing changes through the event of moving. The Control, Autonomy, Selfrealisation and Pleasure (CASP‐19) measure of wellbeing is used. We find that, after controls for demographic and socio‐economic characteristics, involuntary movers have lower levels of wellbeing than stayers or voluntary movers; and involuntary movers experience a stabilisation ...
This paper explores the changing geography of ethnic inequality in England and Wales drawing on d... more This paper explores the changing geography of ethnic inequality in England and Wales drawing on data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses. Specifically, we use the 2011 Office for National Statistics (ONS) area classification to examine how ethnic inequalities within local areas with different demographic and socio-economic characteristics have changed over time. Local ethnic inequalities are examined through a set of indicators which capture differences in housing, health, employment and education between ethnic minority groups and the White British in local authority districts in England and Wales. The results suggest that ethnic inequalities are widespread and persistent, and highlight the different ways in which inequalities manifest for particular ethnic groups in different localities. Ethnic inequality in housing and employment is severe for most ethnic minority groups, particularly in large urban areas that have been traditional settlement areas for ethnic minorities. However, ine...
Ethnically diverse urban areas are often strongly influenced by the demographic consequences of i... more Ethnically diverse urban areas are often strongly influenced by the demographic consequences of immigration. A dynamic model of population, housing and social change following immigration is proposed and then tested using a time-series of census data for northern English towns. The results show how natural growth generates dispersal of immigrant populations to new clusters. They chart the changing nature of cities and challenge the interpretation of clustering as a negative phenomenon representing retreat and separation. Instead, the focus is moved to indicators of migration, demand for housing and services, and social equality. The post-immigration demographic cycle proposed is a general one that may be tested in many other situations and countries.
A common claim is that Britain's minorities live isolated “parallel lives” in inner cities th... more A common claim is that Britain's minorities live isolated “parallel lives” in inner cities that have become ethnic ghettos. Does the evidence confirm such dangerous lack of integration?Ludi Simpson and Nissa Finney find a basic misunderstanding about population change—a misunderstanding that makes changing the ethnic mix of neighbourhoods an unrealistic policy goal.
This paper provides a rapid response analysis of the changing geographies of ethnic diversity and... more This paper provides a rapid response analysis of the changing geographies of ethnic diversity and segregation in England and Wales using Census data covering the last 30 years (1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021), a period of significant social, economic and political change. Presenting the first detailed analysis of 2021 Census small area ethnic group data, we find that the growth of ethnic diversity at the national level is mirrored across residential neighbourhoods. Increasing numbers of neighbourhoods are home to a substantial mix of people from different ethnic groups, and this growing neighbourhood ethnic diversity has been spatially diffusing across all regions of England and Wales. We argue that to understand the ethnic mosaic across England and Wales, it is more illuminating to consider mix than majority: places labelled as ‘minority‐majority’ are, in fact, ethnically diverse spaces, home to sizable proportions of people from many ethnic groups. Increasing ethnic diversity is matche...
Each year in Scotland, around 50,000 young people complete their secondary education and leave sc... more Each year in Scotland, around 50,000 young people complete their secondary education and leave school. This period of educational transition is laden with risks and opportunities; significant decisions are made and life chances established. This thesis explores the divergent educational experiences and outcomes of school leavers in Scotland using mixed methods and is situated within debates about structural inequalities in the UK. Inequalities in educational achievement appear to be associated with three key drivers, socio-economic status, ethnicity and gender. Most recent research has looked at these factors separately. This study examines ethnic and migrant background alongside other axes of difference in order to gain a more accurate picture of the educational transitions of school leavers in Scotland. The findings draw on repeat interviews with school leavers (n=34) in two contrasting secondary schools over a period of two years. In addition, a novel linkage of two administrativ...
Research on international migrants traditionally focused on their international moves only. In th... more Research on international migrants traditionally focused on their international moves only. In this study we expand on this work by looking at the internal mobility of international migrants living in Belgium. In our paper we will pay special attention to the case of Brussels, the main urban area in Belgium. This article studies the level of internal mobility of international migrants as compared to the majority group. We also test whether the same or different patterns of mobility are found among different origin groups in Belgium. Second, we study where international migrants move to by distinguishing between different areas and regions. Finally, we question how and to what extent neighbourhood characteristics are important for internal mobility of international migrants. Our work is based on the 2001 census and the 2006 register data of Belgium including the total population. The data are unique as beside regular data we also have detailed information on the evaluated and objecti...
This study investigates ethnic differences in self‐assessed health in Scotland and their determin... more This study investigates ethnic differences in self‐assessed health in Scotland and their determinants, focusing on socio‐economic status and migrant generations. We use the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study (SHELS) and apply regression analysis to data for 4.6 million people. The analysis shows that the White British, Other White and Chinese groups reported better health than the White Scottish population, whereas Pakistani and Indian populations had worse health outcomes. For the latter two groups, this contrasts with previous findings of mortality advantage and thus highlights a morbidity–mortality paradox in these South Asian populations. Our findings imply that socio‐economic deprivation, health selection and acculturation explain health inequalities for some ethnic groups, but for other groups, especially those of Pakistani origin, other mechanisms deserve further exploration.
Migration scholarship has recently paid attention to lifecourse and non‐economic effects of movin... more Migration scholarship has recently paid attention to lifecourse and non‐economic effects of moving house. Yet consideration of the effects of internal migration in later life has been relatively neglected despite their implications for social and spatial inequalities. Thus we address two questions: how trajectories of wellbeing in later life vary for movers and non‐movers, and how the event of moving affects wellbeing. In both cases we distinguish between “voluntary” and “involuntary” movers. We use 10 years (2002–2012) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) to analyse trends in wellbeing for age cohorts and to examine how wellbeing changes through the event of moving. The Control, Autonomy, Selfrealisation and Pleasure (CASP‐19) measure of wellbeing is used. We find that, after controls for demographic and socio‐economic characteristics, involuntary movers have lower levels of wellbeing than stayers or voluntary movers; and involuntary movers experience a stabilisation ...
This paper explores the changing geography of ethnic inequality in England and Wales drawing on d... more This paper explores the changing geography of ethnic inequality in England and Wales drawing on data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses. Specifically, we use the 2011 Office for National Statistics (ONS) area classification to examine how ethnic inequalities within local areas with different demographic and socio-economic characteristics have changed over time. Local ethnic inequalities are examined through a set of indicators which capture differences in housing, health, employment and education between ethnic minority groups and the White British in local authority districts in England and Wales. The results suggest that ethnic inequalities are widespread and persistent, and highlight the different ways in which inequalities manifest for particular ethnic groups in different localities. Ethnic inequality in housing and employment is severe for most ethnic minority groups, particularly in large urban areas that have been traditional settlement areas for ethnic minorities. However, ine...
Ethnically diverse urban areas are often strongly influenced by the demographic consequences of i... more Ethnically diverse urban areas are often strongly influenced by the demographic consequences of immigration. A dynamic model of population, housing and social change following immigration is proposed and then tested using a time-series of census data for northern English towns. The results show how natural growth generates dispersal of immigrant populations to new clusters. They chart the changing nature of cities and challenge the interpretation of clustering as a negative phenomenon representing retreat and separation. Instead, the focus is moved to indicators of migration, demand for housing and services, and social equality. The post-immigration demographic cycle proposed is a general one that may be tested in many other situations and countries.
A common claim is that Britain's minorities live isolated “parallel lives” in inner cities th... more A common claim is that Britain's minorities live isolated “parallel lives” in inner cities that have become ethnic ghettos. Does the evidence confirm such dangerous lack of integration?Ludi Simpson and Nissa Finney find a basic misunderstanding about population change—a misunderstanding that makes changing the ethnic mix of neighbourhoods an unrealistic policy goal.
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