The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educ... more The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educational attainment of the labor force and to raise productivity but yet still faces declining real output and slow economic growth. The study observes that this puzzle is attributable to labor market distortions, redundancy of the workforce, benefit captured syndrome, industrial dispute and job discontinuities as well as leakages in the Nigerian society such as brain drain, among others. The paper further suggests the improvement of the education system, appropriate pricing of teachers labor and prevention of industrial disputes in order to upgrade and internalize the contributions of educational capital to economic growth in Nigeria.
The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and ec... more The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and economic performance nexus in Nigeria. The paper adopted Ordinal Least Squares estimation technique and factor analysis to draw out important institution and governance structure variables that should be the focus of policy. The results showed that government effectiveness, voice and accountability were not only significant but entered the regression line with the correct a priori signs. Applying factor analysis to the model the result showed that the two factors- government effectiveness, voice and accountability-loaded high. The result shows that effective governance structure and institutions are of utmost importance for enhanced economic performance. The paper argues that effective governance structure and institution would result in efficient and effective implementation of policies and programmes that attract the right value and yield higher pay-offs; create the legal and regulatory ...
This paper reviews generally the situation with electricity supply in Nigeria, and more specifica... more This paper reviews generally the situation with electricity supply in Nigeria, and more specifically focuses on analyzing access, generation, and utilization of electricity by households in Cross River State. Using descriptive statistics obtained from primary and secondary sources, it was found that electric power was the most limiting factor and major business obstacle in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It equally identifies poor maintenance culture, inefficient distribution networks, and low revenue collection performance as major constraints. In Nigeria, electricity supply fluctuates between 2,000 to 4,000 MW and is at best barely able to meet 1/3 of the estimated demand for power. For Cross River State, it was found that 47 percent of communities have access to electric power supply, but only 38 percent were connected to the national grid, and the use of high voltage electrical appliances was relatively lower in the rural areas. Accordingly, it was recommended that Federal and State G...
This study investigated the role of public and private sectors in tourism development in Nigeria,... more This study investigated the role of public and private sectors in tourism development in Nigeria, with particular reference to Cross River State. A total of 300 respondents were sampled using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a well constructed questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as simple tables, frequencies, and percentages. The results obtained showed that both the public and private sectors have contributed differently to the development of tourism in Cross River State. Specifically, the results showed that the public sector has contributed to tourism development by developing tourism sites, providing good roads to tourism sites, providing electricity to tourism sites, providing adequate security to tourists, providing tour guards and creating enabling environment for tourism business to thrive in the state. Similarly, the results showed that the private sector has also contributed to tourism development by ...
This paper presents rural development programmes as strategies for growth and development in Cros... more This paper presents rural development programmes as strategies for growth and development in Cross River State with particular emphasis on the areas of food production, education, employment generation and poverty eradication. This research shows that the various efforts of the government of Cross River state past and present have been directed at maintaining sustainable by developing, maintaining and implementing various policies and programmes. These programmes include: Cross River Agricultural Development Programme (CRADP), Growth Enhancement Support Schemes (GES) etc. The study also shows that economic growth either in policy design or implementation has been accorded marginal attention because of a lack of political will and inadequate resources. Therefore, for any meaningful development to take place in the rural areas, these programmes must be adequately funded and accountability must be key. The study revealed that several community development projects have been carried out...
This paper examines the efforts made so far in the evolution of a sustainable development trail o... more This paper examines the efforts made so far in the evolution of a sustainable development trail of a green economy in Cross River State and looks at how the drive towards Green Economy can metamorphose to the much preferred inclusive and sustainable growth, the development of Cross River State and the Nigerian economy at large. The paper also attempts to review the key components of a Green Economy. The relevant sectors were analysed in terms of green growth policies to see what economic benefits the state stands to gain on the prospective drive to a green economy. The study revealed that green economy holds ample opportunities especially for those sectors studied. Recommendations to enable the state and Nigeria successfully transit to a green economy were made.
The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educ... more The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educational attainment of the labor force and to raise productivity but yet still faces declining real output and slow economic growth. The study observes that this puzzle is attributable to labor market distortions, redundancy of the workforce, benefit captured syndrome, industrial dispute and job discontinuities
... It was no longer a matter of national budget allocation but an issue on the future needs of t... more ... It was no longer a matter of national budget allocation but an issue on the future needs of the country, which were so massive that the ... EXPLAINING THE PARADOX The macroeconomic data used on the standard growth-accounting model suggest that education has not ...
The study analyses the longterm trend in knowledge diffusion and productivity growth in Nigeria,... more The study analyses the longterm trend in knowledge diffusion and productivity growth in Nigeria, using a translog specification. The results indicate the need for technological upgrading and emphasized that policies designed to promote technological development should address the complementarities between ‘different factors of production. The article, thus, provides some support for the argument that total factor productivity (TFP), as a technological knowledge, can impact significantly on productivity in a developing economy like Nigeria.
Many young people belong to households where the members live on less than USD2 per day; such per... more Many young people belong to households where the members live on less than USD2 per day; such persons constitute what is referred to here as the 'active poor' population. They are 'active' because of the immense youthful energies at their disposal, and are 'poor' because they are either jobless, or have jobs that pay much less than is adequate for decent living. Globally the 'active poor' phenomenon thrives alongside healthy macroeconomic performance, popularizing the paradox of 'jobless growth'. Based on demographic data obtained from Cross River State, Nigeria, the paper argues that 'active poor' phenomenon is the product of a demographic misfortune whereby many youths, due to the early death, morbidity or poverty of their parents, become orphaned, neglected or abandoned too early in life and grow into adulthood without adequate nutritional nourishment, parental love and nurturing, and sound education and healthcare, and therefore la...
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2014
The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and ec... more The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and economic performance nexus in Nigeria. The paper adopted Ordinal Least Squares estimation technique and factor analysis to draw out important institution and governance structure variables that should be the focus of policy. The results showed that government effectiveness, voice and accountability were not only significant but entered the regression line with the correct a priori signs. Applying factor analysis to the model the result showed that the two factors- government effectiveness, voice and accountability-loaded high. The result shows that effective governance structure and institutions are of utmost importance for enhanced economic performance. The paper argues that effective governance structure and institution would result in efficient and effective implementation of policies and programmes that attract the right value and yield higher pay-offs; create the legal and regulatory ...
Abstract This study presents the kinetics of production of a glycolipopeptide biosurfactant in a ... more Abstract This study presents the kinetics of production of a glycolipopeptide biosurfactant in a medium previously co-optimized by response surface and neural network methods to gain some insight into its volumetric and specific productivities for possible scale-up towards industrial production. Significant kinetic parameters including maximum specific growth rate, µmax, specific substrate consumption rate, qs and specific biosurfactant yield, Yp/x were determined from logistic model parameters after comparison with other kinetic models. Results showed that bio-catalytic rates of lipase and urease reached exponential values within the first 12 h of fermentation leading to high specific rates of substrate consumption and bacterial growth. Volumetric biosurfactant production reached significantly high levels during prolonged stationary growth and specific urease activity. This suggests that glycolipopeptide biosynthesis may proceed through stationary phase transpeptidation of the glycolipid base. A high cross-correlation coefficient of 0.950 confirmed that substrate consumption and glycolipopeptide production occurred contemporaneously during the 66-h fermentation. The maximum biosurfactant concentration of 132.52 g/L, µmax of 0.292 h-1, qp of 1.674 g/gDCW/h, rp of 2.008 g/(Lh) and Yp/x of 4.413 g/g predicted by the selected logistic model and a unit cost of €0.57/g glycolipopeptide in the optimized medium may lead to technical and economic benefits.
The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educ... more The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educational attainment of the labor force and to raise productivity but yet still faces declining real output and slow economic growth. The study observes that this puzzle is attributable to labor market distortions, redundancy of the workforce, benefit captured syndrome, industrial dispute and job discontinuities as well as leakages in the Nigerian society such as brain drain, among others. The paper further suggests the improvement of the education system, appropriate pricing of teachers labor and prevention of industrial disputes in order to upgrade and internalize the contributions of educational capital to economic growth in Nigeria.
The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and ec... more The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and economic performance nexus in Nigeria. The paper adopted Ordinal Least Squares estimation technique and factor analysis to draw out important institution and governance structure variables that should be the focus of policy. The results showed that government effectiveness, voice and accountability were not only significant but entered the regression line with the correct a priori signs. Applying factor analysis to the model the result showed that the two factors- government effectiveness, voice and accountability-loaded high. The result shows that effective governance structure and institutions are of utmost importance for enhanced economic performance. The paper argues that effective governance structure and institution would result in efficient and effective implementation of policies and programmes that attract the right value and yield higher pay-offs; create the legal and regulatory ...
This paper reviews generally the situation with electricity supply in Nigeria, and more specifica... more This paper reviews generally the situation with electricity supply in Nigeria, and more specifically focuses on analyzing access, generation, and utilization of electricity by households in Cross River State. Using descriptive statistics obtained from primary and secondary sources, it was found that electric power was the most limiting factor and major business obstacle in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It equally identifies poor maintenance culture, inefficient distribution networks, and low revenue collection performance as major constraints. In Nigeria, electricity supply fluctuates between 2,000 to 4,000 MW and is at best barely able to meet 1/3 of the estimated demand for power. For Cross River State, it was found that 47 percent of communities have access to electric power supply, but only 38 percent were connected to the national grid, and the use of high voltage electrical appliances was relatively lower in the rural areas. Accordingly, it was recommended that Federal and State G...
This study investigated the role of public and private sectors in tourism development in Nigeria,... more This study investigated the role of public and private sectors in tourism development in Nigeria, with particular reference to Cross River State. A total of 300 respondents were sampled using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a well constructed questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as simple tables, frequencies, and percentages. The results obtained showed that both the public and private sectors have contributed differently to the development of tourism in Cross River State. Specifically, the results showed that the public sector has contributed to tourism development by developing tourism sites, providing good roads to tourism sites, providing electricity to tourism sites, providing adequate security to tourists, providing tour guards and creating enabling environment for tourism business to thrive in the state. Similarly, the results showed that the private sector has also contributed to tourism development by ...
This paper presents rural development programmes as strategies for growth and development in Cros... more This paper presents rural development programmes as strategies for growth and development in Cross River State with particular emphasis on the areas of food production, education, employment generation and poverty eradication. This research shows that the various efforts of the government of Cross River state past and present have been directed at maintaining sustainable by developing, maintaining and implementing various policies and programmes. These programmes include: Cross River Agricultural Development Programme (CRADP), Growth Enhancement Support Schemes (GES) etc. The study also shows that economic growth either in policy design or implementation has been accorded marginal attention because of a lack of political will and inadequate resources. Therefore, for any meaningful development to take place in the rural areas, these programmes must be adequately funded and accountability must be key. The study revealed that several community development projects have been carried out...
This paper examines the efforts made so far in the evolution of a sustainable development trail o... more This paper examines the efforts made so far in the evolution of a sustainable development trail of a green economy in Cross River State and looks at how the drive towards Green Economy can metamorphose to the much preferred inclusive and sustainable growth, the development of Cross River State and the Nigerian economy at large. The paper also attempts to review the key components of a Green Economy. The relevant sectors were analysed in terms of green growth policies to see what economic benefits the state stands to gain on the prospective drive to a green economy. The study revealed that green economy holds ample opportunities especially for those sectors studied. Recommendations to enable the state and Nigeria successfully transit to a green economy were made.
The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educ... more The paper focuses on Nigeria, which has over the years invested substantially to improve the educational attainment of the labor force and to raise productivity but yet still faces declining real output and slow economic growth. The study observes that this puzzle is attributable to labor market distortions, redundancy of the workforce, benefit captured syndrome, industrial dispute and job discontinuities
... It was no longer a matter of national budget allocation but an issue on the future needs of t... more ... It was no longer a matter of national budget allocation but an issue on the future needs of the country, which were so massive that the ... EXPLAINING THE PARADOX The macroeconomic data used on the standard growth-accounting model suggest that education has not ...
The study analyses the longterm trend in knowledge diffusion and productivity growth in Nigeria,... more The study analyses the longterm trend in knowledge diffusion and productivity growth in Nigeria, using a translog specification. The results indicate the need for technological upgrading and emphasized that policies designed to promote technological development should address the complementarities between ‘different factors of production. The article, thus, provides some support for the argument that total factor productivity (TFP), as a technological knowledge, can impact significantly on productivity in a developing economy like Nigeria.
Many young people belong to households where the members live on less than USD2 per day; such per... more Many young people belong to households where the members live on less than USD2 per day; such persons constitute what is referred to here as the 'active poor' population. They are 'active' because of the immense youthful energies at their disposal, and are 'poor' because they are either jobless, or have jobs that pay much less than is adequate for decent living. Globally the 'active poor' phenomenon thrives alongside healthy macroeconomic performance, popularizing the paradox of 'jobless growth'. Based on demographic data obtained from Cross River State, Nigeria, the paper argues that 'active poor' phenomenon is the product of a demographic misfortune whereby many youths, due to the early death, morbidity or poverty of their parents, become orphaned, neglected or abandoned too early in life and grow into adulthood without adequate nutritional nourishment, parental love and nurturing, and sound education and healthcare, and therefore la...
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2014
The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and ec... more The objective of this paper had been to investigate the institutions, governance structure and economic performance nexus in Nigeria. The paper adopted Ordinal Least Squares estimation technique and factor analysis to draw out important institution and governance structure variables that should be the focus of policy. The results showed that government effectiveness, voice and accountability were not only significant but entered the regression line with the correct a priori signs. Applying factor analysis to the model the result showed that the two factors- government effectiveness, voice and accountability-loaded high. The result shows that effective governance structure and institutions are of utmost importance for enhanced economic performance. The paper argues that effective governance structure and institution would result in efficient and effective implementation of policies and programmes that attract the right value and yield higher pay-offs; create the legal and regulatory ...
Abstract This study presents the kinetics of production of a glycolipopeptide biosurfactant in a ... more Abstract This study presents the kinetics of production of a glycolipopeptide biosurfactant in a medium previously co-optimized by response surface and neural network methods to gain some insight into its volumetric and specific productivities for possible scale-up towards industrial production. Significant kinetic parameters including maximum specific growth rate, µmax, specific substrate consumption rate, qs and specific biosurfactant yield, Yp/x were determined from logistic model parameters after comparison with other kinetic models. Results showed that bio-catalytic rates of lipase and urease reached exponential values within the first 12 h of fermentation leading to high specific rates of substrate consumption and bacterial growth. Volumetric biosurfactant production reached significantly high levels during prolonged stationary growth and specific urease activity. This suggests that glycolipopeptide biosynthesis may proceed through stationary phase transpeptidation of the glycolipid base. A high cross-correlation coefficient of 0.950 confirmed that substrate consumption and glycolipopeptide production occurred contemporaneously during the 66-h fermentation. The maximum biosurfactant concentration of 132.52 g/L, µmax of 0.292 h-1, qp of 1.674 g/gDCW/h, rp of 2.008 g/(Lh) and Yp/x of 4.413 g/g predicted by the selected logistic model and a unit cost of €0.57/g glycolipopeptide in the optimized medium may lead to technical and economic benefits.
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