I am scholar at University of Science and Technology of China with the major of archaeology. Archaeology, Anthropology , and Intangible Cultural Heritage are my skills in research.
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2019
The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attr... more The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but both are complementary to each other. Owing to var...
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2019
The Shemagh is the Scarf that is worn by Arabic as well as other Muslim people who belong to othe... more The Shemagh is the Scarf that is worn by Arabic as well as other Muslim people who belong to other countries in terms of identity. It has multiple symbolic features which denote the religious as well as socio-political representation. In a broader spectrum, it illustrates the attributes of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Muslim world. To highlight the Intangible Cultural Heritage, we represent the Shemagh in our painting with its applications and usages in Muslim society to explore differences in symbolic language between the Eastern and Western cultures. Representation of Shemagh in the paintings juxtaposes the different features of the Muslim society acquainted with Intangible Cultural Heritage. The imprecise way of symbolic language has been chosen in the form of the Shemagh patterns, creating a new artistic perspective based on the generation of work in different geographic locations and imaginative thoughts as well. The Subjugation of different mediums and techniques of paintings are used to portray the subject matter, color palette, and symbolism of the painting. Through paintings, this paper examines the hidden meanings of transformation in our lives and modern blend by evaluating Muslim society with the amalgamation of Intangible cultural aspects by exaggerating the print and colors of scarf or Shemagh or Keffiyeh. In concluding statement, we analyze the attributes of Shemagh from past to present for emphasizing the Intangible Cultural aspects
The land of the Pakistan has witnessed as the cradle of an ancient society of the ancient world, ... more The land of the Pakistan has witnessed as the cradle of an ancient society of the ancient world, called Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization. This prodigious civilization is contemporary to the other ancient societies like Egyptian, Persian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese. The Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Ganweriwal, Kot Diji, and Mehargarh are its renowned archaeological sites, which illustrate the ancient agriculture and social lives of the Indus people. This civilization is also significantly known with its urbanization, town planning, bronze technology, seals, and trade networks. In Pakistan, earliest farming was started in the Neolithic at Mehargarh site (7000 B.C. to 2500 B.C.). In later stages, it progressed towards the Harappan culture. This paper will focus on collected archaeobotanical data from some important prehistoric sites that recommend the evidence of origins and dispersals of important ancient crops and agropastoralism of ancient Pakistan. In addition, the ancient cereals from these sites during the Neolithic will also be examined with the context of agricultural strategies, socioeconomic structure, farming system, domestication of animals, and ecology of ancient Pakistan. Moreover, the history of archaeological research and archaeobotanical evolution in Pakistan are pivotal theme of this research.
Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization is one of the remarkable ancient societies of the ancient w... more Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization is one of the remarkable ancient societies of the ancient world. Significantly, the cultural heritage of this civilization portrays it as indigenous civilization. Its artifacts endorse its aboriginality and attract the scholars to ponder over its cultural heritage. For the assessment of its cultural heritage, anthropology, archaeology, and ethnology are the best tools to distinguish it appropriately. Being a renowned civilization in the world, much of the archaeological work has been done, but less in the field of anthropology and ethnography. The urban life of the people of this civilization refers the zenith of advance the metropolitan approach that presents social, administrative, and political understanding about its people. The focusing aims of this manuscript denominate the cultural heritage, anthropology, ethnography and to assess the social, political, religious, agricultural, art, architecture, rites and rituals, traditions, and norms of the ancient people of Harappan Civilization. Most prominently, the application of scientific methods of anthropology and their role for the assessment of cultural heritage, specifically Tangible and Intangible is also a chief aim of the manuscript.
The Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization is contemporary to the other ancient societies. Fortuna... more The Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization is contemporary to the other ancient societies. Fortunately, some of its renowned sites have been excavated, and comprehensive writings have been progressed by the local and foreign archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians. Its renowned ancient cities like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, etc. have also been treated with great archaeological expeditions through which inclusive results were organized scientifically about this civilization. However, unfortunately, some of its precious regions, like the Cholistan Desert and its important cities like Ganweriwala, Qasaiwala Ther, Kaliyan Para have been paid no attention to trace out the ancient facts about the Indus Valley Civilization. Some of the surveys have been executed by a few archaeologists and historians. On the other side, the ancient agriculture of this region has also not been traced out by archaeobotanists due to insufficient expertise and technicalities. Whether some of the famous ancient cities and famous sites have been given much attention and resultantly, the ancient objects examined and new thoughts have been created about this civilization. In this manuscript, the scope of desert archaeology is examined, and some proposals for future work regarding archaeobotany are presented with the wide-ranges of arguments too.
Co-relations of friction factor and Nusselt number for plain tubes have been widely developed, bu... more Co-relations of friction factor and Nusselt number for plain tubes have been widely developed, but less analysis has been done for tubes with wavy surfaces. This paper uses the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool for the analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop in wavy-walled tubes, which can be utilized as a heating element for fluids. An investigation was done for the effect of Reynolds number (Re) and wavy-walled tube geometry on friction factor and Nusselt number of laminar and turbulent flow inside wavy-walled tubes. The numerical results and experimental comparison indicate that heat transfer and pressure drop for water are significantly affected by wavy-walled tube parameters and flow Reynolds number. These wavy-walled tubes are capable of increasing the heat transfer to or from a fluid by an order of magnitude but at an expense of higher pumping power. This ratio was found to remain at the minimum at a wave factor of 0.83 for 34 < Re < 3500 and maximum at a wave...
The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attr... more The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but both are complementary to each other. Owing to var...
The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest
att... more The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but both are complementary to each other. Owing to various approaches used under the umbrella of anthropology like; ethno-archaeology, bio-archaeology, bio-culture, ethnography approaches etc. Anthropological perspectives have the ability to study cultural, social and biological dimensions of different societies like Harappan and Egyptian, whether recent or ancient. Consequently, the present study objective is to utilize the anthropological methods to help filling these gaps, which are persisted in the knowledge of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations. Especially those issues related to; kingship, administration, kinship, political and socio-cultural life, environment, religion, dress, gender, human body in funerary and medical treatments, funerary populations, grave gods, fertility, birth, child-care, health, hygiene, studies on human skeletons, and everyday life. That is to mean that all human- mediated processes and events would be included within the scope of this project regarding anthropology.
This presentation is about anthropology and archaeology of Cholistan Desert, Indus Valley Civiliz... more This presentation is about anthropology and archaeology of Cholistan Desert, Indus Valley Civilization.
The Xinjiang region located in the hinterland of Eurasia and in Northwest of China
that lies in e... more The Xinjiang region located in the hinterland of Eurasia and in Northwest of China that lies in eastern Central Asia to the north and south of the Tian Shan mountain range. In the last some decades, some of the archaeological researches in Xinjiang have revealed the truth about this region that has been a crossroad of different cultures since the Bronze Age. This region has been the best choice to study about the ancient cultures such as Bronze Age and Iron Age cultures. The existed cemetery culture is the paramount source to carve out the historical events that happened in the above-mentioned Ages. The metal objects found from cemeteries in the regions of Xinjiang tell the ancient cultures that depict the social and religious phenomenon. Same cemetery culture also subsisted at Harappa Site, Pakistan. The focusing of this article is to analyze the metal artifacts recovered from the Xinjiang and Harappa site. Both Xinjiang and Harappa are significant regarding cemetery cultures. Through this manuscript, religious, social, and cultural aspects of Xinjiang and Harappa have been highlighted.
The rice (Oryza sativa) was the central crop of the Ancient Civilizations. Most of ... more The rice (Oryza sativa) was the central crop of the Ancient Civilizations. Most of the economy of ancient societies was based on rice. In the present Era, archaeobotany and ecology rebuild the ancient rice domestication in a systematic way. Historical and archaeobotanical records establish the fact that early rice farming was started at the Southern part of the China (Yangtze River basin), and later on rice was spread towards Indus Valley Civilization (Pakistan, India). It is also the fact that rice has been a crucial crop of both Ganges valley and China. The journey of earliest rice from China to Indus Valley Civilization (Pakistan, India) is the focusing of this manuscript. With this, the ancient rice agriculture of China, as well as Pakistan and India, is also the central part of the writing. Different phases of archaeobotany and its progress in Pakistan and India has also been presented in the writing. The origin of ancient rice and its dispersal is appealing debate which has been discussed in this paper hypothetically and systematically.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________... more ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The sub-branch of archaeology, called archaeobotany that connects present-day man with ancient plants. The ancient plant remains are to give the picture of agro-pastoralists activities in Central Asia. Through the plant remains, the way of living, food habits, vegetation, economy and agricultural developments of Central Asia have been traced out. Archaeological sites give new insights of the agricultural denomination in the region, which revealed marked differences. Through archaeobotanical investigation of the plant remains like bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare), and other plant fossils provide new prospects about ancient food production in the expanse of Central Asia. A brief discussion on Central Asian archaeological sites and recovered plant remains as well as the agricultural exchange of Central Asia with the neighboring regions are the worthy discussion and essence of this paper.
Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization has been noted as the ancient civilization of ... more Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization has been noted as the ancient civilization of the world. The Indus civilization is significant for its homogeny and standardization in all aspects of the civilized society. This civilization has unique attributes of both the Tangible and Intangible Heritage. The Intangible Heritage of this civilization exemplifies the traditions, norms, rites and rituals, religious and social lives of the Indus Valley people. The legacy of this civilization denominates the urban life of the people which has been transferred to the next generations. In this context, the Indus artifacts are unsurpassed sources to map the Indus Valley cultural heritage. Through the process of alteration and then Re-appearance of these Indus Valley artifacts, the connection of present with past is possible. To elaborate the importance of altered and Re-appeared artifacts and its role in the present economy is the focusing point of this manuscript. With this, the Cultural mapping process of Intangible Indus heritage is the valuable feature of this writing too.
TRACT Received 11 November 2018 Accepted 29 January 2019 Published 06 February 2019 The ... more TRACT Received 11 November 2018 Accepted 29 January 2019 Published 06 February 2019 The Shemagh is the Scarf which is worn by Arabic as well as other Muslim people who belong to other countries in terms of identity. It has multiple symbolic features which denote the religious as well as socio-political representation. In broader spectrum, it illustrates the attributes of Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Muslim world. To highlight the Intangible Cultural Heritage, we represent the Shemagh in our painting with its applications and usages in the Muslim society to explore differences in symbolic language between the Eastern and Western cultures. Representation of Shemagh in the paintings juxtaposes the different features of the Muslim society acquaints with Intangible Cultural Heritage. The imprecise way of symbolic language has been chosen in the form of the Shemagh patterns, creating a new artistic perspective based on the generation of work in a different geographic locations and imaginative thoughts as well. The Subjugation of different mediums and techniques of paintings are used to portray the subject matter, color palette, and symbolism of the painting. Through paintings, this paper examines the hidden meanings of transformation in our lives and modern blend by evaluating Muslim society with the amalgamation of Intangible culture aspects by exaggerating the print and colors of scarf or Shemagh or Keffiyeh. In concluding statement, we analyze the attributes of Shemagh from past to present for emphasizing the Intangible Cultural aspects.
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2019
The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attr... more The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but both are complementary to each other. Owing to var...
Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 2019
The Shemagh is the Scarf that is worn by Arabic as well as other Muslim people who belong to othe... more The Shemagh is the Scarf that is worn by Arabic as well as other Muslim people who belong to other countries in terms of identity. It has multiple symbolic features which denote the religious as well as socio-political representation. In a broader spectrum, it illustrates the attributes of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Muslim world. To highlight the Intangible Cultural Heritage, we represent the Shemagh in our painting with its applications and usages in Muslim society to explore differences in symbolic language between the Eastern and Western cultures. Representation of Shemagh in the paintings juxtaposes the different features of the Muslim society acquainted with Intangible Cultural Heritage. The imprecise way of symbolic language has been chosen in the form of the Shemagh patterns, creating a new artistic perspective based on the generation of work in different geographic locations and imaginative thoughts as well. The Subjugation of different mediums and techniques of paintings are used to portray the subject matter, color palette, and symbolism of the painting. Through paintings, this paper examines the hidden meanings of transformation in our lives and modern blend by evaluating Muslim society with the amalgamation of Intangible cultural aspects by exaggerating the print and colors of scarf or Shemagh or Keffiyeh. In concluding statement, we analyze the attributes of Shemagh from past to present for emphasizing the Intangible Cultural aspects
The land of the Pakistan has witnessed as the cradle of an ancient society of the ancient world, ... more The land of the Pakistan has witnessed as the cradle of an ancient society of the ancient world, called Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization. This prodigious civilization is contemporary to the other ancient societies like Egyptian, Persian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese. The Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Ganweriwal, Kot Diji, and Mehargarh are its renowned archaeological sites, which illustrate the ancient agriculture and social lives of the Indus people. This civilization is also significantly known with its urbanization, town planning, bronze technology, seals, and trade networks. In Pakistan, earliest farming was started in the Neolithic at Mehargarh site (7000 B.C. to 2500 B.C.). In later stages, it progressed towards the Harappan culture. This paper will focus on collected archaeobotanical data from some important prehistoric sites that recommend the evidence of origins and dispersals of important ancient crops and agropastoralism of ancient Pakistan. In addition, the ancient cereals from these sites during the Neolithic will also be examined with the context of agricultural strategies, socioeconomic structure, farming system, domestication of animals, and ecology of ancient Pakistan. Moreover, the history of archaeological research and archaeobotanical evolution in Pakistan are pivotal theme of this research.
Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization is one of the remarkable ancient societies of the ancient w... more Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization is one of the remarkable ancient societies of the ancient world. Significantly, the cultural heritage of this civilization portrays it as indigenous civilization. Its artifacts endorse its aboriginality and attract the scholars to ponder over its cultural heritage. For the assessment of its cultural heritage, anthropology, archaeology, and ethnology are the best tools to distinguish it appropriately. Being a renowned civilization in the world, much of the archaeological work has been done, but less in the field of anthropology and ethnography. The urban life of the people of this civilization refers the zenith of advance the metropolitan approach that presents social, administrative, and political understanding about its people. The focusing aims of this manuscript denominate the cultural heritage, anthropology, ethnography and to assess the social, political, religious, agricultural, art, architecture, rites and rituals, traditions, and norms of the ancient people of Harappan Civilization. Most prominently, the application of scientific methods of anthropology and their role for the assessment of cultural heritage, specifically Tangible and Intangible is also a chief aim of the manuscript.
The Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization is contemporary to the other ancient societies. Fortuna... more The Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization is contemporary to the other ancient societies. Fortunately, some of its renowned sites have been excavated, and comprehensive writings have been progressed by the local and foreign archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians. Its renowned ancient cities like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, etc. have also been treated with great archaeological expeditions through which inclusive results were organized scientifically about this civilization. However, unfortunately, some of its precious regions, like the Cholistan Desert and its important cities like Ganweriwala, Qasaiwala Ther, Kaliyan Para have been paid no attention to trace out the ancient facts about the Indus Valley Civilization. Some of the surveys have been executed by a few archaeologists and historians. On the other side, the ancient agriculture of this region has also not been traced out by archaeobotanists due to insufficient expertise and technicalities. Whether some of the famous ancient cities and famous sites have been given much attention and resultantly, the ancient objects examined and new thoughts have been created about this civilization. In this manuscript, the scope of desert archaeology is examined, and some proposals for future work regarding archaeobotany are presented with the wide-ranges of arguments too.
Co-relations of friction factor and Nusselt number for plain tubes have been widely developed, bu... more Co-relations of friction factor and Nusselt number for plain tubes have been widely developed, but less analysis has been done for tubes with wavy surfaces. This paper uses the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool for the analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop in wavy-walled tubes, which can be utilized as a heating element for fluids. An investigation was done for the effect of Reynolds number (Re) and wavy-walled tube geometry on friction factor and Nusselt number of laminar and turbulent flow inside wavy-walled tubes. The numerical results and experimental comparison indicate that heat transfer and pressure drop for water are significantly affected by wavy-walled tube parameters and flow Reynolds number. These wavy-walled tubes are capable of increasing the heat transfer to or from a fluid by an order of magnitude but at an expense of higher pumping power. This ratio was found to remain at the minimum at a wave factor of 0.83 for 34 < Re < 3500 and maximum at a wave...
The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attr... more The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but both are complementary to each other. Owing to var...
The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest
att... more The history of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations was and still an area of interest attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but both are complementary to each other. Owing to various approaches used under the umbrella of anthropology like; ethno-archaeology, bio-archaeology, bio-culture, ethnography approaches etc. Anthropological perspectives have the ability to study cultural, social and biological dimensions of different societies like Harappan and Egyptian, whether recent or ancient. Consequently, the present study objective is to utilize the anthropological methods to help filling these gaps, which are persisted in the knowledge of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations. Especially those issues related to; kingship, administration, kinship, political and socio-cultural life, environment, religion, dress, gender, human body in funerary and medical treatments, funerary populations, grave gods, fertility, birth, child-care, health, hygiene, studies on human skeletons, and everyday life. That is to mean that all human- mediated processes and events would be included within the scope of this project regarding anthropology.
This presentation is about anthropology and archaeology of Cholistan Desert, Indus Valley Civiliz... more This presentation is about anthropology and archaeology of Cholistan Desert, Indus Valley Civilization.
The Xinjiang region located in the hinterland of Eurasia and in Northwest of China
that lies in e... more The Xinjiang region located in the hinterland of Eurasia and in Northwest of China that lies in eastern Central Asia to the north and south of the Tian Shan mountain range. In the last some decades, some of the archaeological researches in Xinjiang have revealed the truth about this region that has been a crossroad of different cultures since the Bronze Age. This region has been the best choice to study about the ancient cultures such as Bronze Age and Iron Age cultures. The existed cemetery culture is the paramount source to carve out the historical events that happened in the above-mentioned Ages. The metal objects found from cemeteries in the regions of Xinjiang tell the ancient cultures that depict the social and religious phenomenon. Same cemetery culture also subsisted at Harappa Site, Pakistan. The focusing of this article is to analyze the metal artifacts recovered from the Xinjiang and Harappa site. Both Xinjiang and Harappa are significant regarding cemetery cultures. Through this manuscript, religious, social, and cultural aspects of Xinjiang and Harappa have been highlighted.
The rice (Oryza sativa) was the central crop of the Ancient Civilizations. Most of ... more The rice (Oryza sativa) was the central crop of the Ancient Civilizations. Most of the economy of ancient societies was based on rice. In the present Era, archaeobotany and ecology rebuild the ancient rice domestication in a systematic way. Historical and archaeobotanical records establish the fact that early rice farming was started at the Southern part of the China (Yangtze River basin), and later on rice was spread towards Indus Valley Civilization (Pakistan, India). It is also the fact that rice has been a crucial crop of both Ganges valley and China. The journey of earliest rice from China to Indus Valley Civilization (Pakistan, India) is the focusing of this manuscript. With this, the ancient rice agriculture of China, as well as Pakistan and India, is also the central part of the writing. Different phases of archaeobotany and its progress in Pakistan and India has also been presented in the writing. The origin of ancient rice and its dispersal is appealing debate which has been discussed in this paper hypothetically and systematically.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________... more ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The sub-branch of archaeology, called archaeobotany that connects present-day man with ancient plants. The ancient plant remains are to give the picture of agro-pastoralists activities in Central Asia. Through the plant remains, the way of living, food habits, vegetation, economy and agricultural developments of Central Asia have been traced out. Archaeological sites give new insights of the agricultural denomination in the region, which revealed marked differences. Through archaeobotanical investigation of the plant remains like bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare), and other plant fossils provide new prospects about ancient food production in the expanse of Central Asia. A brief discussion on Central Asian archaeological sites and recovered plant remains as well as the agricultural exchange of Central Asia with the neighboring regions are the worthy discussion and essence of this paper.
Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization has been noted as the ancient civilization of ... more Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan Civilization has been noted as the ancient civilization of the world. The Indus civilization is significant for its homogeny and standardization in all aspects of the civilized society. This civilization has unique attributes of both the Tangible and Intangible Heritage. The Intangible Heritage of this civilization exemplifies the traditions, norms, rites and rituals, religious and social lives of the Indus Valley people. The legacy of this civilization denominates the urban life of the people which has been transferred to the next generations. In this context, the Indus artifacts are unsurpassed sources to map the Indus Valley cultural heritage. Through the process of alteration and then Re-appearance of these Indus Valley artifacts, the connection of present with past is possible. To elaborate the importance of altered and Re-appeared artifacts and its role in the present economy is the focusing point of this manuscript. With this, the Cultural mapping process of Intangible Indus heritage is the valuable feature of this writing too.
TRACT Received 11 November 2018 Accepted 29 January 2019 Published 06 February 2019 The ... more TRACT Received 11 November 2018 Accepted 29 January 2019 Published 06 February 2019 The Shemagh is the Scarf which is worn by Arabic as well as other Muslim people who belong to other countries in terms of identity. It has multiple symbolic features which denote the religious as well as socio-political representation. In broader spectrum, it illustrates the attributes of Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Muslim world. To highlight the Intangible Cultural Heritage, we represent the Shemagh in our painting with its applications and usages in the Muslim society to explore differences in symbolic language between the Eastern and Western cultures. Representation of Shemagh in the paintings juxtaposes the different features of the Muslim society acquaints with Intangible Cultural Heritage. The imprecise way of symbolic language has been chosen in the form of the Shemagh patterns, creating a new artistic perspective based on the generation of work in a different geographic locations and imaginative thoughts as well. The Subjugation of different mediums and techniques of paintings are used to portray the subject matter, color palette, and symbolism of the painting. Through paintings, this paper examines the hidden meanings of transformation in our lives and modern blend by evaluating Muslim society with the amalgamation of Intangible culture aspects by exaggerating the print and colors of scarf or Shemagh or Keffiyeh. In concluding statement, we analyze the attributes of Shemagh from past to present for emphasizing the Intangible Cultural aspects.
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attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the
hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main
science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open
new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the
anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian
civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but
both are complementary to each other. Owing to various approaches used under the umbrella of anthropology like; ethno-archaeology, bio-archaeology, bio-culture, ethnography approaches etc.
Anthropological perspectives have the ability to study cultural, social and biological dimensions of
different societies like Harappan and Egyptian, whether recent or ancient. Consequently, the
present study objective is to utilize the anthropological methods to help filling these gaps, which
are persisted in the knowledge of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations. Especially those
issues related to; kingship, administration, kinship, political and socio-cultural life, environment,
religion, dress, gender, human body in funerary and medical treatments, funerary populations,
grave gods, fertility, birth, child-care, health, hygiene, studies on human skeletons, and everyday
life. That is to mean that all human- mediated processes and events would be included within the
scope of this project regarding anthropology.
that lies in eastern Central Asia to the north and south of the Tian Shan mountain range. In
the last some decades, some of the archaeological researches in Xinjiang have revealed the
truth about this region that has been a crossroad of different cultures since the Bronze Age.
This region has been the best choice to study about the ancient cultures such as Bronze Age
and Iron Age cultures. The existed cemetery culture is the paramount source to carve out the
historical events that happened in the above-mentioned Ages. The metal objects found from
cemeteries in the regions of Xinjiang tell the ancient cultures that depict the social and
religious phenomenon. Same cemetery culture also subsisted at Harappa Site, Pakistan. The
focusing of this article is to analyze the metal artifacts recovered from the Xinjiang and
Harappa site. Both Xinjiang and Harappa are significant regarding cemetery cultures.
Through this manuscript, religious, social, and cultural aspects of Xinjiang and Harappa have been highlighted.
The sub-branch of archaeology, called archaeobotany that connects present-day man with ancient plants.
The ancient plant remains are to give the picture of agro-pastoralists activities in Central Asia. Through the
plant remains, the way of living, food habits, vegetation, economy and agricultural developments of
Central Asia have been traced out. Archaeological sites give new insights of the agricultural
denomination in the region, which revealed marked differences. Through archaeobotanical
investigation of the plant remains like bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), foxtail
millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare),
and other plant fossils provide new prospects about ancient food production in the expanse of Central
Asia. A brief discussion on Central Asian archaeological sites and recovered plant remains as well as
the agricultural exchange of Central Asia with the neighboring regions are the worthy discussion and
essence of this paper.
world. The Indus civilization is significant for its homogeny and standardization in all aspects of the
civilized society. This civilization has unique attributes of both the Tangible and Intangible
Heritage. The Intangible Heritage of this civilization exemplifies the traditions, norms, rites and
rituals, religious and social lives of the Indus Valley people. The legacy of this civilization
denominates the urban life of the people which has been transferred to the next generations. In this
context, the Indus artifacts are unsurpassed sources to map the Indus Valley cultural heritage.
Through the process of alteration and then Re-appearance of these Indus Valley artifacts, the
connection of present with past is possible. To elaborate the importance of altered and Re-appeared
artifacts and its role in the present economy is the focusing point of this manuscript. With this, the
Cultural mapping process of Intangible Indus heritage is the valuable feature of this writing too.
attracting researchers and scholars all over the world, to investigate the constituents and the
hidden secrets of such great civilizations. Undoubtedly, archaeology is standing as the main
science concerned with studying the cultural products of ancient societies, especially the material culture represented by all physical remains whether organic or inorganic ones. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the extensive use of archaeological methods only. Consequently, this project seeks to use additional tools, methods, and approaches that would open
new dimensions of investigation and analysis. This could be attained by adopting the
anthropological perspective as the main entrance for revisiting the ancient Harappan and Egyptian
civilizations differently. This does not mean that anthropology is an alternative to archaeology, but
both are complementary to each other. Owing to various approaches used under the umbrella of anthropology like; ethno-archaeology, bio-archaeology, bio-culture, ethnography approaches etc.
Anthropological perspectives have the ability to study cultural, social and biological dimensions of
different societies like Harappan and Egyptian, whether recent or ancient. Consequently, the
present study objective is to utilize the anthropological methods to help filling these gaps, which
are persisted in the knowledge of ancient Harappan and Egyptian civilizations. Especially those
issues related to; kingship, administration, kinship, political and socio-cultural life, environment,
religion, dress, gender, human body in funerary and medical treatments, funerary populations,
grave gods, fertility, birth, child-care, health, hygiene, studies on human skeletons, and everyday
life. That is to mean that all human- mediated processes and events would be included within the
scope of this project regarding anthropology.
that lies in eastern Central Asia to the north and south of the Tian Shan mountain range. In
the last some decades, some of the archaeological researches in Xinjiang have revealed the
truth about this region that has been a crossroad of different cultures since the Bronze Age.
This region has been the best choice to study about the ancient cultures such as Bronze Age
and Iron Age cultures. The existed cemetery culture is the paramount source to carve out the
historical events that happened in the above-mentioned Ages. The metal objects found from
cemeteries in the regions of Xinjiang tell the ancient cultures that depict the social and
religious phenomenon. Same cemetery culture also subsisted at Harappa Site, Pakistan. The
focusing of this article is to analyze the metal artifacts recovered from the Xinjiang and
Harappa site. Both Xinjiang and Harappa are significant regarding cemetery cultures.
Through this manuscript, religious, social, and cultural aspects of Xinjiang and Harappa have been highlighted.
The sub-branch of archaeology, called archaeobotany that connects present-day man with ancient plants.
The ancient plant remains are to give the picture of agro-pastoralists activities in Central Asia. Through the
plant remains, the way of living, food habits, vegetation, economy and agricultural developments of
Central Asia have been traced out. Archaeological sites give new insights of the agricultural
denomination in the region, which revealed marked differences. Through archaeobotanical
investigation of the plant remains like bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), foxtail
millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), six-row barley (Hordeum vulgare),
and other plant fossils provide new prospects about ancient food production in the expanse of Central
Asia. A brief discussion on Central Asian archaeological sites and recovered plant remains as well as
the agricultural exchange of Central Asia with the neighboring regions are the worthy discussion and
essence of this paper.
world. The Indus civilization is significant for its homogeny and standardization in all aspects of the
civilized society. This civilization has unique attributes of both the Tangible and Intangible
Heritage. The Intangible Heritage of this civilization exemplifies the traditions, norms, rites and
rituals, religious and social lives of the Indus Valley people. The legacy of this civilization
denominates the urban life of the people which has been transferred to the next generations. In this
context, the Indus artifacts are unsurpassed sources to map the Indus Valley cultural heritage.
Through the process of alteration and then Re-appearance of these Indus Valley artifacts, the
connection of present with past is possible. To elaborate the importance of altered and Re-appeared
artifacts and its role in the present economy is the focusing point of this manuscript. With this, the
Cultural mapping process of Intangible Indus heritage is the valuable feature of this writing too.