Early‐onset depression contributes significantly to the global health burden and has long‐term ne... more Early‐onset depression contributes significantly to the global health burden and has long‐term negative effects. This meta‐analysis collates and examines the effectiveness of family‐based interventions, where family members are involved in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents. A literature search was performed up to 8th March 2023. Randomised controlled trials of family‐based interventions were included for participants aged 3–18 years with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or dysthymia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) or with a score above a cut‐off on a standardised self‐report depression measure. The overall effect size for treatment versus active control was g = 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.05–0.50) (nine studies; 659 participants), and for treatment versus non‐active control it was g = 0.46 (95% CI: −0.09–1.01) (four studies; 385 participants). Eff...
Objective: To rigorously evaluate the outcomes of physio-therapeutic interventions in patie... more Objective: To rigorously evaluate the outcomes of physio-therapeutic interventions in patients with acute low back pain (LBP) within a clinical context.Methods: A multi-centre prospective case-series study design was used. Eight private physiotherapy practices within the Cape Metropole, Cape Town, South Africa, each screened and recruited 12 eligible patients with acute LBP. Main outcome measures included pain and functional status.Data analysis: Demographic information, as well as pain and disability scores were descriptively analyzed using means, standard deviations and confidence intervals. The percentage change in pain was determined by the formula (100*painvisit2-painvisit1/painvisit1) and the significance level was set at p=0.05. Forward stepwise logistic regression was conducted to determine predictors of good pain and disability outcomes.Results: 48 subjects with acute LBP participated in this study (24 male and 24 female; mean age was 41.65 (SD 13.34). All sc...
Additional file 4. Adapted Joanna Briggs Institute Data Extraction Form. Data extraction form, ad... more Additional file 4. Adapted Joanna Briggs Institute Data Extraction Form. Data extraction form, adapted from the standardized Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form for the purposes of this review.
Additional file 3. The PEDro scale. The PEDro scale, including notes on administration (used for ... more Additional file 3. The PEDro scale. The PEDro scale, including notes on administration (used for methodological appraisal of included studies).
Additional file 2. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Evidence Hierarchy. T... more Additional file 2. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Evidence Hierarchy. The NHMRC Evidence Hierarchy summarised in tabular form.
Additional file 1. Search strategy. Detailed search strategies, specifically developed for each d... more Additional file 1. Search strategy. Detailed search strategies, specifically developed for each database according its functions.
Results for objective balance outcomes in PLHIV (un-pooled dependent variables). Detailed summary... more Results for objective balance outcomes in PLHIV (un-pooled dependent variables). Detailed summary of individual balance outcomes assessed across studies (DOCX 53 kb)
Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstract Background: Pain c... more Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstract Background: Pain catastrophization has recently been recognized as a barrier to the healthy development of physical functioning among chronic pain patients. Levels of pain catastrophization in chronic pain patients are commonly measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Objective: To cross-culturally adapt and validate the South African PCS (SA-PCS) among English-, Afrikaans- and Xhosa-speaking patients with fibromyalgia living in the Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: The original PCS was cross-culturally adapted in accordance with international standards to develop an English, Afrikaans and Xhosa version of the SA-PCS using a repeated measures study design. Psychometric testing included face/content validity, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha-α), test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlations-ICC), sensitivity-to-change and cross-sectional convergent v...
Background People with HIV-1 (PWH) exhibit a high fall incidence and increased fracture risk. As ... more Background People with HIV-1 (PWH) exhibit a high fall incidence and increased fracture risk. As little is known about fall frequency and associated factors in PWH residing in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), we investigated fall frequency, bone quality, and factors associated with fall history in a South African cohort. Methods Fifty PWH without obvious predisposing factors for mobility impairments attending 2 public primary care clinics in the Western Cape region participated. Demographic, clinical, and physical performance data were collected. Falls were assessed retrospectively over 12 months. Mobility and balance were evaluated using a physical performance battery. Bone mineral density was screened using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Associations between variables and falls grouping were analyzed using chi-square tests, t tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests, and effect sizes (ES) were calculated. Results Thirty-four percent of PWH (median age, 36.6 years) reported falling dur...
A dequate management of procedural pain during physiotherapy management plays an important role i... more A dequate management of procedural pain during physiotherapy management plays an important role in building a trusting relationship betweenthe burn victim and the physiotherapist, and in ensuring desirable functional outcomes. However, the burn pain management regimens currently utilized inburn units, primarily consist of traditional pharmacologic analgesics which areassociated with numerous side-effects and alone are often reported as inadequateto alleviate procedural pain, warranting safer and effective adjunct therapies.Prior to the introduction and implementation of adjunct therapies into a developing world, it is imperative that the current situation in a burn unit, in terms of whether or not the pain management regimens in place are adequate, is first assessed, due to cost concerns. The following short report exemplifies the pain and anxiety experiences of a small number of burn injury patients during physiotherapy at the Tygerberg Hospital adult burn unit, South A frica. It ...
BackgroundConscious volition is a broad term and is difficult to reduce to a single empirical par... more BackgroundConscious volition is a broad term and is difficult to reduce to a single empirical paradigm. It encompasses many areas of cognition, including decision-making and empirical studies can be done on these components. This work follows on the seminal work of Libet et al. (1983) which focused on brain activity preceding motor activity and conscious awareness of the intention to move. Previous results have subsequently faced criticism, particularly methods used to average out EEG data over all the trials and the readiness potential not being present on an individual trial basis. This following study aims to address these criticisms.ObjectivesTo use machine learning to investigate brain activity preceding left/right hand movements with relation to conscious intent and motor action.MethodologyThe data collection involved the recreation of the Libet experiment, with electroencephalography (EEG) data being collected. An addition made in this study was the choice between “left” and ...
Early‐onset depression contributes significantly to the global health burden and has long‐term ne... more Early‐onset depression contributes significantly to the global health burden and has long‐term negative effects. This meta‐analysis collates and examines the effectiveness of family‐based interventions, where family members are involved in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents. A literature search was performed up to 8th March 2023. Randomised controlled trials of family‐based interventions were included for participants aged 3–18 years with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or dysthymia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) or with a score above a cut‐off on a standardised self‐report depression measure. The overall effect size for treatment versus active control was g = 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.05–0.50) (nine studies; 659 participants), and for treatment versus non‐active control it was g = 0.46 (95% CI: −0.09–1.01) (four studies; 385 participants). Eff...
Objective: To rigorously evaluate the outcomes of physio-therapeutic interventions in patie... more Objective: To rigorously evaluate the outcomes of physio-therapeutic interventions in patients with acute low back pain (LBP) within a clinical context.Methods: A multi-centre prospective case-series study design was used. Eight private physiotherapy practices within the Cape Metropole, Cape Town, South Africa, each screened and recruited 12 eligible patients with acute LBP. Main outcome measures included pain and functional status.Data analysis: Demographic information, as well as pain and disability scores were descriptively analyzed using means, standard deviations and confidence intervals. The percentage change in pain was determined by the formula (100*painvisit2-painvisit1/painvisit1) and the significance level was set at p=0.05. Forward stepwise logistic regression was conducted to determine predictors of good pain and disability outcomes.Results: 48 subjects with acute LBP participated in this study (24 male and 24 female; mean age was 41.65 (SD 13.34). All sc...
Additional file 4. Adapted Joanna Briggs Institute Data Extraction Form. Data extraction form, ad... more Additional file 4. Adapted Joanna Briggs Institute Data Extraction Form. Data extraction form, adapted from the standardized Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form for the purposes of this review.
Additional file 3. The PEDro scale. The PEDro scale, including notes on administration (used for ... more Additional file 3. The PEDro scale. The PEDro scale, including notes on administration (used for methodological appraisal of included studies).
Additional file 2. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Evidence Hierarchy. T... more Additional file 2. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Evidence Hierarchy. The NHMRC Evidence Hierarchy summarised in tabular form.
Additional file 1. Search strategy. Detailed search strategies, specifically developed for each d... more Additional file 1. Search strategy. Detailed search strategies, specifically developed for each database according its functions.
Results for objective balance outcomes in PLHIV (un-pooled dependent variables). Detailed summary... more Results for objective balance outcomes in PLHIV (un-pooled dependent variables). Detailed summary of individual balance outcomes assessed across studies (DOCX 53 kb)
Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstract Background: Pain c... more Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleAbstract Background: Pain catastrophization has recently been recognized as a barrier to the healthy development of physical functioning among chronic pain patients. Levels of pain catastrophization in chronic pain patients are commonly measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Objective: To cross-culturally adapt and validate the South African PCS (SA-PCS) among English-, Afrikaans- and Xhosa-speaking patients with fibromyalgia living in the Cape Metropole area, Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: The original PCS was cross-culturally adapted in accordance with international standards to develop an English, Afrikaans and Xhosa version of the SA-PCS using a repeated measures study design. Psychometric testing included face/content validity, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha-α), test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlations-ICC), sensitivity-to-change and cross-sectional convergent v...
Background People with HIV-1 (PWH) exhibit a high fall incidence and increased fracture risk. As ... more Background People with HIV-1 (PWH) exhibit a high fall incidence and increased fracture risk. As little is known about fall frequency and associated factors in PWH residing in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), we investigated fall frequency, bone quality, and factors associated with fall history in a South African cohort. Methods Fifty PWH without obvious predisposing factors for mobility impairments attending 2 public primary care clinics in the Western Cape region participated. Demographic, clinical, and physical performance data were collected. Falls were assessed retrospectively over 12 months. Mobility and balance were evaluated using a physical performance battery. Bone mineral density was screened using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Associations between variables and falls grouping were analyzed using chi-square tests, t tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests, and effect sizes (ES) were calculated. Results Thirty-four percent of PWH (median age, 36.6 years) reported falling dur...
A dequate management of procedural pain during physiotherapy management plays an important role i... more A dequate management of procedural pain during physiotherapy management plays an important role in building a trusting relationship betweenthe burn victim and the physiotherapist, and in ensuring desirable functional outcomes. However, the burn pain management regimens currently utilized inburn units, primarily consist of traditional pharmacologic analgesics which areassociated with numerous side-effects and alone are often reported as inadequateto alleviate procedural pain, warranting safer and effective adjunct therapies.Prior to the introduction and implementation of adjunct therapies into a developing world, it is imperative that the current situation in a burn unit, in terms of whether or not the pain management regimens in place are adequate, is first assessed, due to cost concerns. The following short report exemplifies the pain and anxiety experiences of a small number of burn injury patients during physiotherapy at the Tygerberg Hospital adult burn unit, South A frica. It ...
BackgroundConscious volition is a broad term and is difficult to reduce to a single empirical par... more BackgroundConscious volition is a broad term and is difficult to reduce to a single empirical paradigm. It encompasses many areas of cognition, including decision-making and empirical studies can be done on these components. This work follows on the seminal work of Libet et al. (1983) which focused on brain activity preceding motor activity and conscious awareness of the intention to move. Previous results have subsequently faced criticism, particularly methods used to average out EEG data over all the trials and the readiness potential not being present on an individual trial basis. This following study aims to address these criticisms.ObjectivesTo use machine learning to investigate brain activity preceding left/right hand movements with relation to conscious intent and motor action.MethodologyThe data collection involved the recreation of the Libet experiment, with electroencephalography (EEG) data being collected. An addition made in this study was the choice between “left” and ...
Uploads