Papers by Michael Ingraldi
Journal of Raptor Research, 2002
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STUDIES IN AVIAN …, 2006
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Journal of Raptor Research, 2002
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Does forest structure affect reproduction of northern goshawks in ponderosa pine forests?
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Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2012
Several years ago we tested whether goshawk (accipiter genitilis) productivity increased with inc... more Several years ago we tested whether goshawk (accipiter genitilis) productivity increased with increasing similarity of goshawk breeding areas to Forest Service recommendations for the northern goshawk in the southwestern United States. Surprisingly, we found that nest productivity declined as similarity to the recommendations increased from 21% to 57% (Beier et al. 2008). Reynolds et al. (2012) argued that this pattern may have been the result of flawed measurements and analyses, and suggested alternative methods and analyses. Although their suggestions have merit, it is unlikely such changes would have altered the negative trend we observed. Reynolds et al. (2012) also argued that goshawk reproduction might increase as similarity with Forest Service recommendations increases from 57% to 100%. We agree that a larger sample of breeding areas, spanning the full spectrum of similarity to the recommendations, would provide a more powerful evaluation of the recommendations. We suggest that the Forest Service conduct such an evaluation using data for all or some of the 121 breeding areas they have monitored for 8–19 years each. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
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Landscape Ecology, 2014
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Journal of Herpetology, 2010
Abstract We examined Desert Tortoise microhabitat selection on the Florence Military Reservation ... more Abstract We examined Desert Tortoise microhabitat selection on the Florence Military Reservation (FMR) in south-central Arizona where National Guard training and other activities, such as motorized recreation and grazing, are permitted. Previous research on the FMR indicated that Desert Tortoise home ranges overlapped with firing boxes, areas where most of the National Guard's training activity was concentrated. Our objective was to examine Desert Tortoise microhabitat selection within, and adjacent to, these firing boxes in an effort to guide future management for restoring degraded tortoise habitat on the installation. Desert Tortoises selected habitat that was characterized by a higher percentage of canopy cover, absence of cattle activity, and closer proximity to roads and washes than was available within their home range. Canopy cover had the highest calculated parameter importance and was included in each of the supported microhabitat selection models. Areas with sufficient canopy cover most likely provided shade for escaping the desert heat during periods of high tortoise activity. Our results suggest that management prescriptions that maintain, or increase, the amount of vegetative cover and that protect desert washes will have positive impacts on Desert Tortoise populations.
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Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007
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Conservation Genetics, 2006
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Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 2015
Monitoring programs for species of conservation concern are notoriously flawed. Notably, many mon... more Monitoring programs for species of conservation concern are notoriously flawed. Notably, many monitoring programs do not establish trigger points or a level of decline in population size that will result in management action. Here we report on the monitoring program for the Flat-tailed Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) that has been established across its range throughout the United States by the Flat-tailed Horned Lizard Interagency Coordinating Committee (FTHL ICC). Importantly, we examine whether a trigger point of 30% decline was detected in these populations. Between 2007 and 2013, we detected 955 P. mcallii on 2,714 occupancy surveys and captured 715 individuals on 1,861 demographic surveys. Occupancy surveys have demonstrated that the species occurs throughout the management areas and occupancy estimates range from 0.25–0.89. Demographic surveys have demonstrated that population trends over time are correlated across all management areas; however, they are probably driven by...
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The flat-tailed horned lizard ("Phrynosoma mcallii") occupies a restricted range in the... more The flat-tailed horned lizard ("Phrynosoma mcallii") occupies a restricted range in the Lower Sonoran Desert of southwest Arizona, southeast California, and adjacent land in Mexico. Because they exhibit behavior patterns that include basking and remaining motionless when danger approaches, flat-tailed horned lizards are particularly susceptible to mortality on roads. Therefore, roads and new road construction are recognized as threats influencing the long-term persistence of this species. The propensity for flat-tailed horned lizards to use culverts as road crossing structures to avoid vehicle-caused mortality is unknown. From 2005-2006 we studied flat-tailed horned lizard use of a variety of simulated road crossing structures. The study objectives were to (1) determine if flat-tailed horned lizards will pass through culverts of sizes commonly used in road construction, and (2) compare and describe the characteristics of culverts used by flat-tailed horned lizards to those...
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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of highway mitigation for reducing road ... more The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of highway mitigation for reducing road mortality of Morafka’s desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai; formerly, G. agassizii) and maintaining permeability in an effort to guide future mitigation within the range of the desert tortoise in Arizona. The research team examined existing wildlife-linkage mitigation measures along an 11-mi (17.7 km) stretch of U.S. Route 93 (US 93) and desert tortoise habitat relationships in the Black Mountains ecosystem to guide mitigation recommendations for the proposed realignment of State Route (SR) 95 between Interstate 40 (I-40) and SR 68. The work was performed in 2008 and 2009. The team identified 561 breaches along the US 93 tortoise exclusion fencing due to erosion, undercutting, and siltation. Of the 25 culverts on US 93, 9 were nonfunctional due to their inaccessibility to desert tortoises. Camera systems deployed on 8 of the functional culverts detected no tortoise use. Five tortoise mort...
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We tested the efficacy of three methods (historical nest search, broadcast search, and tree trans... more We tested the efficacy of three methods (historical nest search, broadcast search, and tree transect search) for detecting presence of the Northern Goshawk (Acdpiter gentilis) at occupied nest areas during the 1994 breeding season using only a single visit to a previously known nest area. We used detection rates in a probability model to determine how many visits are required to have confidence in reporting absence of goshawks. The purpose of this study is to understand if the three methods for detecting goshawks are robust enough for managers to rely on them for making land management decisions that may impact goshawk nest areas. Blind tests were conducted throughout the western United States. Results were similar among methods with goshawk presence going undetected at 36-42% of the occupied nest areas after a single visit. These results indicate that a single visit to a nest area is inadequate to provide reliable information on nest area occupation. Our probability of detection mo...
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The Merriam’s wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) most commonly occurs in the ponderosa pi... more The Merriam’s wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) most commonly occurs in the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the southwestern United States. Current management of ponderosa pine forests in portions of the Merriam’s wild turkey range is focusing on restoring pre-settlement conditions through thinning of smaller trees and lowintensity, prescribed burning to reduce forest litter. These practices reduce basal area and canopy cover, 2 important components of Merriam’s wild turkey roost-site selection. We used satellite technology to study wild turkey roost selection in a northern Arizona ponderosa pine forest planned for thinning. We derived a series of landscape-scale habitat variables using remotely sensed imagery to characterize habitat in our study area. We used logistic regression in an information-theoretic framework to evaluate roosting habitat selection by wild turkeys and identify potential roosting habitat to inform forest management. Wild turkeys most stron...
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Journal of Herpetology
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Papers by Michael Ingraldi