The interfacial behavior of a model solvent extraction liquid-liquid system, consisting of soluti... more The interfacial behavior of a model solvent extraction liquid-liquid system, consisting of solutions of dihexadecyl phosphate (DHDP) in dodecane and SrCl2 in water, was studied to determine the structure of the interfacial ion-extractant complex and its variation with pH. Previous experiments on a similar extraction system with ErCl3 demonstrated that the kinetics of the extraction process could be greatly retarded by cooling through an adsorption transition, thus providing a method to immobilize ion-extractant complexes at the interface and further characterize them with X-ray interface-sensitive techniques. Here, we use this same method to study the SrCl2 system. X-ray reflectivity and fluorescence near total reflection measured the molecular-scale interfacial structure above and below the adsorption transition for a range of pH. Below the transition, DHDP molecules form a homogeneous monolayer at the interface with Sr(2+) coverage increasing from zero to saturation (one Sr(2+) per two DHDP) within a narrow range of pH. Experimental values of Sr(2+) interfacial density determined from fluorescence measurements are larger than those from reflectivity measurements. Although both techniques probe Sr(2+) bound to DHDP, only the fluorescence provides adequate sensitivity to Sr(2+) in the diffuse double layer. A Stern equation determines the Sr(2+) binding constant from the reflectivity measurements and the additional Sr(2+) measured in the diffuse double layer is accounted for by Gouy-Chapman theory. Above the transition temperature, a dilute concentration of DHDP-Sr complexes resides at the interface, even for temperatures far above the transition. A comparison is made of the structure of the interfacial ion-extractant complex for this divalent metal ion to recent results on trivalent Er(3+) metal ions, which provides insight into the role of metal ion charge on the structure of interfacial ion-extractant complexes, as well as implications for extraction of these two differently charged ions.
The wave-vector dependence of the liquid-vapor interfacial tension of Ga, γ (q), has been determi... more The wave-vector dependence of the liquid-vapor interfacial tension of Ga, γ (q), has been determined from diffuse x-ray scattering measurements. The ratio γ (q)/γ (0)= 1 for q< 0.05 Å-1 decreases to 0.5 near q= 0.22 Å-1, and increases strongly for larger q. The observed ...
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a new class of diblock copolymers (co-ol... more This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a new class of diblock copolymers (co-oligomers), rod-rod conjugated diblock copolymers. A general synthetic strategy is outlined, and the structures of the copolymers (oligothiophene-co-oligophenylenevinylene) are fully characterized. It was found that these copolymers exhibit efficient intramolecular energy transfer. An interesting self-assembly ability of these rod--rod copolymers was also revealed.
The interfacial behavior of a model solvent extraction liquid-liquid system, consisting of soluti... more The interfacial behavior of a model solvent extraction liquid-liquid system, consisting of solutions of dihexadecyl phosphate (DHDP) in dodecane and SrCl2 in water, was studied to determine the structure of the interfacial ion-extractant complex and its variation with pH. Previous experiments on a similar extraction system with ErCl3 demonstrated that the kinetics of the extraction process could be greatly retarded by cooling through an adsorption transition, thus providing a method to immobilize ion-extractant complexes at the interface and further characterize them with X-ray interface-sensitive techniques. Here, we use this same method to study the SrCl2 system. X-ray reflectivity and fluorescence near total reflection measured the molecular-scale interfacial structure above and below the adsorption transition for a range of pH. Below the transition, DHDP molecules form a homogeneous monolayer at the interface with Sr(2+) coverage increasing from zero to saturation (one Sr(2+) per two DHDP) within a narrow range of pH. Experimental values of Sr(2+) interfacial density determined from fluorescence measurements are larger than those from reflectivity measurements. Although both techniques probe Sr(2+) bound to DHDP, only the fluorescence provides adequate sensitivity to Sr(2+) in the diffuse double layer. A Stern equation determines the Sr(2+) binding constant from the reflectivity measurements and the additional Sr(2+) measured in the diffuse double layer is accounted for by Gouy-Chapman theory. Above the transition temperature, a dilute concentration of DHDP-Sr complexes resides at the interface, even for temperatures far above the transition. A comparison is made of the structure of the interfacial ion-extractant complex for this divalent metal ion to recent results on trivalent Er(3+) metal ions, which provides insight into the role of metal ion charge on the structure of interfacial ion-extractant complexes, as well as implications for extraction of these two differently charged ions.
The wave-vector dependence of the liquid-vapor interfacial tension of Ga, γ (q), has been determi... more The wave-vector dependence of the liquid-vapor interfacial tension of Ga, γ (q), has been determined from diffuse x-ray scattering measurements. The ratio γ (q)/γ (0)= 1 for q< 0.05 Å-1 decreases to 0.5 near q= 0.22 Å-1, and increases strongly for larger q. The observed ...
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a new class of diblock copolymers (co-ol... more This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a new class of diblock copolymers (co-oligomers), rod-rod conjugated diblock copolymers. A general synthetic strategy is outlined, and the structures of the copolymers (oligothiophene-co-oligophenylenevinylene) are fully characterized. It was found that these copolymers exhibit efficient intramolecular energy transfer. An interesting self-assembly ability of these rod--rod copolymers was also revealed.
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