Papers by Marvellous Mhloyi
PubMed, 2014
(1) As of 2011, 38% of young Zimbabwean women have had sex by age 18, as have 23% of young men; t... more (1) As of 2011, 38% of young Zimbabwean women have had sex by age 18, as have 23% of young men; this difference has widened over time. Females now first have sex nearly two years sooner than males. (2) One-quarter of 15-19-year-old women have started childbearing; one-third of all births to adolescents are unplanned (wanted later or not at all). (3) Favorable trends of rising modern contraceptive use in urban areas were likely interrupted by the worst of the economic crisis in 2008. Use among married adolescents declined in urban areas (from 50% in 2006 to 29% in 2011), even as it rose in rural areas (from 30% to 37%). (4) Patterns in unmet need for contraception followed suit: In urban areas, the proportion of married adolescents who wanted to postpone childbearing but were not using a method rose between 2006 and 2011(from 14% to 28%); among their counterparts in rural areas, unmet need fell from 20% to 15% over this period. (5) Single, sexually active adolescents have by far the greatest unmet need--62% as of 2011, compared with 19% among their married counterparts. (6) Existing policies need clarification to assure that no adolescent is illegally denied services because of age. Youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health programs should be prioritized so today’s HIV-positive adolescents, many of whom have been infected since birth, do not transmit the virus to yet another generation.
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Routledge eBooks, Nov 27, 2020
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Cogent Social Sciences, May 30, 2022
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AUTHOR(S)= Mazur, RE \ Mhloyi, M. \ Adepoju, A. \ Oppong, C. \ ; PUBLISHER=Currey, London, SOURCE... more AUTHOR(S)= Mazur, RE \ Mhloyi, M. \ Adepoju, A. \ Oppong, C. \ ; PUBLISHER=Currey, London, SOURCE= Gender, work & population in Sub-Saharan AfricaGender, work & population in Sub-Saharan Africaed. by Aderanti Adepoju [and] Christine Oppong, (1994) p. 132 - 156.
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International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2006
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Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Background The negative consequences of medical professionals’ emigration on the health systems o... more Background The negative consequences of medical professionals’ emigration on the health systems of nations are well documented in the literature. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the impact of emigration in general, on sending households’ welfare, health in particular. This study compared socio-economic characteristics, including health, of emigrants’ households with those of non-emigrants’ households in an urban setting in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods A cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Concurrent and retrospective data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The target population were households, both emigrants' households and non-emigrants' households, and the interviewees were de facto heads of the respective households. Results A sample of 279 households was determined; however, 268 heads of households, a response rate of 96%, were achieved. The majority ...
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International quarterly of community health education
We assess gender differences in HIV prevention knowledge, attitudes and practices with a focus on... more We assess gender differences in HIV prevention knowledge, attitudes and practices with a focus on cultural, sociological, and economic variables. A randomized cross-sectional study was used in order to achieve high participation and broad comparative assessment. An eight-page questionnaire was administered to 933 randomly selected students at the University of Zimbabwe. Survey items addressed sexual decision-making, condom use, limiting sexual partners, cultural power dynamics and access to HIV testing. We found marked gender differences with men reporting beliefs of entitlement to dominate women, an assumed leadership in decision-making concerning condom use and an attitude that when a woman says "no" to sex, really, "it depends." Women acknowledged gender-based cultural attitudes but are much more likely to support women's rights to sexual expression. A multi-faceted approach to gender equity training is needed to challenge men and women to change attitudes...
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Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 1992
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PLOS ONE, 2016
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The quest for comparative perspective on the role of values and culture in development in African... more The quest for comparative perspective on the role of values and culture in development in African societies continues. If there is one matter that has become clear in the process of putting together the results of this book, it is that there are all sorts of gaps in what we can put together without comprehensive new research. The aim of this section is not to try to summarise the results of each section, but to reflect on where the different inputs have brought us in terms of the research questions posed at the beginning and to reflect on the current limitations and future possibilities of our work. However, we need to elucidate the gaps in what has been possible to do on the basis of the material that is available for comparative research first. The first level of problems emanate from the fact that the research that has been done ever since independence came to Southern African countries has always been dominated by models and theoretical frameworks that are a product of the indus...
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JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1994
Several investigators are preparing to conduct efficacy trials of human immunodeficiency virus (H... more Several investigators are preparing to conduct efficacy trials of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines in the developing world. Failure to adequately address the unique ethical, behavioral, and social issues that surround vaccine testing in that setting will jeopardize the success of these trials and future acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research in the host nation. Twelve investigators from Africa, Asia, North America, and South America reviewed previous experience with HIV trials in developing countries and explored potential solutions to these issues. Host country scientists, government officials, and media must be actively involved in all aspects of the trials. Minimum prerequisites for conducting the trial include the following: (1) researching vaccines active against developing world HIV isolates; (2) establishing and maintaining an adequate technological infrastructure; (3) assessing the feasibility of recruitment in countries where the existence of HIV may be denied; (4) designing methods to obtain informed consent from each individual subject, rather than exclusively from family members or community elders; (5) creating locally appropriate instruments to measure risk behavior; (6) identifying a behavioral intervention for placebo and treatment groups; (7) making available laboratory methods to distinguish between natural HIV infection and vaccine-induced seropositivity; and (8) guaranteeing that an effective vaccine is available free of charge to the placebo group and at affordable prices to other host country residents.
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12% of Africas AIDS cases reported to the World Health Organization in 1993 were from Zimbabwe. Z... more 12% of Africas AIDS cases reported to the World Health Organization in 1993 were from Zimbabwe. Zimbabwes HIV epidemic trend and pattern are similar to that of other African countries. The number of AIDS deaths is increasing at an alarming pace the average HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women is 20.5% and the average HIV seroprevalence among sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients is approximately 25%. Having such a young population facilitates the spread of HIV through unprotected heterosexual intercourse; 47% of Zimbabwes population is younger than age 15 years. Furthermore migrant work polygyny and the practice of postpartum sexual abstinence all facilitate male intercourse with multiple sex partners a risk factor for contracting and transmitting HIV. The authors explored some of the factors which underlie HIV infection in Zimbabwe in a study conducted in a rural area of Manicaland province East Zimbabwe. Data are presented on the sociocultural determinants of AIDS. The au...
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Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 1998
Zimbabwe has experienced a breakdown in traditional social systems as a consequence of “moderniza... more Zimbabwe has experienced a breakdown in traditional social systems as a consequence of “modernization.” Identity formation has to solidify within a cultural tension between the family, whose norms, values, and role expectations are African in general with a Zimbabwean specificity and representing tradition, and the education system and media styled from the western culture. Adolescents depend, to some extent, on themselves as peers to one another. Theoretical resistance to change by the self-perceived custodians of culture has undermined the modeling and social sanctioning of the youth; conflict, confusion and problems confront the adolescents in varying degrees. Effort should be made to build bridges between the different generations and between socialization units—the family, school and the media—to minimize identity problems for the youth.
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All African women are directly or indirectly threatened by HIV. Interventions against the spread ... more All African women are directly or indirectly threatened by HIV. Interventions against the spread of HIV must target women differentially with selective services which address the unique problems and needs which each distinct group of women faces. Attention should also be given to protecting not just children who are infected with HIV but children at risk of such infection due to the situations in which they live. Focusing only upon orphans and HIV-infected children may fail to address the dangerous potential spread of HIV/AIDS among other children. HIV and AIDS in African women are discussed in sections on prevailing sociocultural foundations young women women who are wives and mothers women with multiple partners and women as survivors. The consequences of AIDS for African children are then considered in sections on vertical and horizontal transmission and social outcomes for children. The closing section considers preventing infection among African women and children.
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Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)
This study assessed the nature and extent of sexual risk-taking behavior by students in a Zimbabw... more This study assessed the nature and extent of sexual risk-taking behavior by students in a Zimbabwean university and identified some of the sociocultural factors that facilitate sexual risk taking by female and male students. The main outcome measures of the study were condom use, number of sexual partners, and attitudes toward gender equity and equality. A cross-sectional design was used and a questionnaire was administered to 933 students. Information pertaining to students' sexual practices, condom use practices, attitudes toward HIV testing, and their beliefs pertaining to women's role in sexual decision making and a woman's right to refuse sexual intercourse were among some of the variables assessed. The vast majority of the university students (83%) are sexually experienced; only a third used condoms at their last sexual encounter; the use or nonuse of condoms was significantly associated with age, sex, marital status, and attitudes toward gender issues. There were ...
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Women & Therapy, 1990
Page 1. Perceptions on Communication and Sexuality in Marriage in Zimbabwe ... In this mar-riage ... more Page 1. Perceptions on Communication and Sexuality in Marriage in Zimbabwe ... In this mar-riage contract female fidelity is highly essential since infidelity in-creases the chances of having children who do not belong to the lineage, a situation warranting divorce. ...
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Social Science & Medicine, 1993
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Tanzanian Economic Review, Feb 28, 2022
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Cogent Social Sciences, Nov 1, 2022
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Papers by Marvellous Mhloyi