The influence of adverse environmental conditions on the organization and reorganization of the b... more The influence of adverse environmental conditions on the organization and reorganization of the brain structure and function involves distinct neural systems at different levels of organization. Electroencephalographic (EEG) measures provide precise evidence on the temporal sequence in which relevant cognitive processes occur. Here, we offer a systematic review of EEG studies on the influence of childhood poverty on cognitive development. The paradigms used focused primarily on correlates of inhibitory control, selective attention, and unrelated task-event activity. Eighteen studies reported differences related to socioeconomic disparities, including (a) discrepancies in neural markers of interference control and early auditory sensory processing and (b) delays in the maturation of brain oscillations in frontal regions. Overall, EEG techniques appear to have predictive power over cognitive and academic performance of children. Therefore, EEG markers may be useful to evaluate the efficacy of interventions aimed to enhance cognitive development in children facing unfavorable social conditions.
Presentamos el proceso de construccion, validacion y baremacion de la primera Escala Comportament... more Presentamos el proceso de construccion, validacion y baremacion de la primera Escala Comportamental para Nivel Inicial de la region Nordeste Argentina; conforme al objetivo de evaluar las manifestaciones conductuales de ninos y ninas de educacion inicial de salas de jardin de 4 y 5 desde la percepcion docente. En base a informacion y escalas pre-existentes, se confecciona el instrumento, el cual tras someterse a revision estadistica evidencio buena consistencia interna y fiabilidad estadistica. Mediante analisis factorial exploratorio se comprueba un ajuste adecuado al modelo de 3 factores, determinandose las sub-escalas de actividad ludica y aprendizaje, comportamental/conductual, y expresiones emocionales, obteniendose una escala de 27 items en total. Finalmente, se confecciona una hoja de correccion y se establecen los baremos para la poblacion estudiada, segun genero y edad. La elaboracion de la Escala Comportamental para Nivel Inicial constituye una contribucion importante como...
Objective: To evaluate the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) in patients with multiple sclerosis (... more Objective: To evaluate the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls. Background: The HEP is a negative modulation between 200 and 400 ms and is associated with the perception of the heartbeat (cardiac interoception). The insular cortex is one of the main areas involved in the processing of bodily signal information and of emotional awareness. Regarding MS, several studies have described atrophy of this area; however, there are no reports about whether interoceptive processing is affected or not in these patients. Methods: Thirty three patients with MS and 40 controls were evaluated with a heartbeat detection (HBD) task during which a high density electroencephalogram (hd-EEG) was registered. The HBD task consisted of one condition where subjects paid attention to an external stimulus (control condition) and a second where they followed their own heartbeats without external help (interoceptive condition). Each condition lasted five minute...
Contemporary evidence shows that different intervention approaches can be effective in improving ... more Contemporary evidence shows that different intervention approaches can be effective in improving executive cognitive performance in preschoolers from poor homes. However, several aspects about the role of individual and contextual differences in intervention effects remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the impact of a computerized executive cognitive intervention with lab-based tasks in preschoolers from Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) homes. In the context of a randomized controlled design, different activities were administered to children according to their baseline performance in a variety of cognitive tasks tapping inhibitory control, working memory, and planning demands (i.e., high- and low-performance intervention and control groups). Results suggested that the impact of the intervention was shown preferentially by high-performers in Tower of London and K-Bit tasks, who increased their performances in the posttest assessment. This finding supports the importance of considering individual and contextual differences in the design of interventions aimed at changing the cognitive performance of children from poor homes.
Durante el nivel inicial, los infantes suelen recibir respuestas emocionales y conductuales de ma... more Durante el nivel inicial, los infantes suelen recibir respuestas emocionales y conductuales de manera impulsiva, dado que carecen de la aptitud de abstención de conductas que no son afectadas a la ocasión. En este punto, las Habilidades Sociales (HHSS) y las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) serán facilitadoras de la interacción asertiva con otros, favoreciendo el control conductual y evitando los Problemas de Conducta (PC). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la correlación entre las FE, la percepción parental en relación con las emociones, y la percepción de los docentes respecto de las HHSS y la conducta en niños del nivel inicial de educación; a tal fin se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo-correlacional, en base a un diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo integrada por 36 niños / as de nivel inicial, a quienes se les administró una batería neuropsicológica, además se incluyeron dos cuestionarios, uno para padres y otro para docentes. Se encontró correlaci...
<p>(a, b) Power spectra of Biosemi (HQ) and Emotiv (LC) signals. Grand average power spectr... more <p>(a, b) Power spectra of Biosemi (HQ) and Emotiv (LC) signals. Grand average power spectra of conditions eyes-closed (thick dashed line) and eyes-open (thick solid line) showed large peaks in the alpha frequency band (8–13 Hz) for selected ROI over frontal, central, and occipital scalp regions of Biosemi and Emotiv. <b>(c, d)</b> Double-logarithmic plots of the DFA fluctuation measure, <i>F (tau)</i>, showed power-law scaling in the time window range of 1–280 sec for both Biosemi and Emotiv data.</p
La utilización de pruebas psicológicas validadas y de confi abilidad comprobadas aportan evidenci... more La utilización de pruebas psicológicas validadas y de confi abilidad comprobadas aportan evidencias valiosas al profesional en una multiplicidad de actividades, que comprenden desde el diagnóstico, el plan y el seguimiento de tratamiento hasta la selección laboral, la orientación vocacional, las pericias judiciales e investigación; sin embargo, no siempre se disponen de baremos adaptados a la región en la que se pretende aplicar un instrumento y, en ocasiones, siquiera corresponden a datos normativos del país. En Argentina, la WISC-IV fue adaptada considerando población perteneciente al Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, no se incluye muestra de otras regiones del extenso país. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación cuantitativa no experimental, exploratoria- descriptiva, con el objetivo de determinar la importancia de contar con baremos adaptados de la WISC-IV para diferentes regiones de un mismo país; para ello, se analizaron comparativamente los índices obtenidos por 520 esc...
The influence of adverse environmental conditions on the organization and reorganization of the b... more The influence of adverse environmental conditions on the organization and reorganization of the brain structure and function involves distinct neural systems at different levels of organization. Electroencephalographic (EEG) measures provide precise evidence on the temporal sequence in which relevant cognitive processes occur. Here, we offer a systematic review of EEG studies on the influence of childhood poverty on cognitive development. The paradigms used focused primarily on correlates of inhibitory control, selective attention, and unrelated task-event activity. Eighteen studies reported differences related to socioeconomic disparities, including (a) discrepancies in neural markers of interference control and early auditory sensory processing and (b) delays in the maturation of brain oscillations in frontal regions. Overall, EEG techniques appear to have predictive power over cognitive and academic performance of children. Therefore, EEG markers may be useful to evaluate the efficacy of interventions aimed to enhance cognitive development in children facing unfavorable social conditions.
Presentamos el proceso de construccion, validacion y baremacion de la primera Escala Comportament... more Presentamos el proceso de construccion, validacion y baremacion de la primera Escala Comportamental para Nivel Inicial de la region Nordeste Argentina; conforme al objetivo de evaluar las manifestaciones conductuales de ninos y ninas de educacion inicial de salas de jardin de 4 y 5 desde la percepcion docente. En base a informacion y escalas pre-existentes, se confecciona el instrumento, el cual tras someterse a revision estadistica evidencio buena consistencia interna y fiabilidad estadistica. Mediante analisis factorial exploratorio se comprueba un ajuste adecuado al modelo de 3 factores, determinandose las sub-escalas de actividad ludica y aprendizaje, comportamental/conductual, y expresiones emocionales, obteniendose una escala de 27 items en total. Finalmente, se confecciona una hoja de correccion y se establecen los baremos para la poblacion estudiada, segun genero y edad. La elaboracion de la Escala Comportamental para Nivel Inicial constituye una contribucion importante como...
Objective: To evaluate the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) in patients with multiple sclerosis (... more Objective: To evaluate the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls. Background: The HEP is a negative modulation between 200 and 400 ms and is associated with the perception of the heartbeat (cardiac interoception). The insular cortex is one of the main areas involved in the processing of bodily signal information and of emotional awareness. Regarding MS, several studies have described atrophy of this area; however, there are no reports about whether interoceptive processing is affected or not in these patients. Methods: Thirty three patients with MS and 40 controls were evaluated with a heartbeat detection (HBD) task during which a high density electroencephalogram (hd-EEG) was registered. The HBD task consisted of one condition where subjects paid attention to an external stimulus (control condition) and a second where they followed their own heartbeats without external help (interoceptive condition). Each condition lasted five minute...
Contemporary evidence shows that different intervention approaches can be effective in improving ... more Contemporary evidence shows that different intervention approaches can be effective in improving executive cognitive performance in preschoolers from poor homes. However, several aspects about the role of individual and contextual differences in intervention effects remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the impact of a computerized executive cognitive intervention with lab-based tasks in preschoolers from Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) homes. In the context of a randomized controlled design, different activities were administered to children according to their baseline performance in a variety of cognitive tasks tapping inhibitory control, working memory, and planning demands (i.e., high- and low-performance intervention and control groups). Results suggested that the impact of the intervention was shown preferentially by high-performers in Tower of London and K-Bit tasks, who increased their performances in the posttest assessment. This finding supports the importance of considering individual and contextual differences in the design of interventions aimed at changing the cognitive performance of children from poor homes.
Durante el nivel inicial, los infantes suelen recibir respuestas emocionales y conductuales de ma... more Durante el nivel inicial, los infantes suelen recibir respuestas emocionales y conductuales de manera impulsiva, dado que carecen de la aptitud de abstención de conductas que no son afectadas a la ocasión. En este punto, las Habilidades Sociales (HHSS) y las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) serán facilitadoras de la interacción asertiva con otros, favoreciendo el control conductual y evitando los Problemas de Conducta (PC). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la correlación entre las FE, la percepción parental en relación con las emociones, y la percepción de los docentes respecto de las HHSS y la conducta en niños del nivel inicial de educación; a tal fin se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo-correlacional, en base a un diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo integrada por 36 niños / as de nivel inicial, a quienes se les administró una batería neuropsicológica, además se incluyeron dos cuestionarios, uno para padres y otro para docentes. Se encontró correlaci...
<p>(a, b) Power spectra of Biosemi (HQ) and Emotiv (LC) signals. Grand average power spectr... more <p>(a, b) Power spectra of Biosemi (HQ) and Emotiv (LC) signals. Grand average power spectra of conditions eyes-closed (thick dashed line) and eyes-open (thick solid line) showed large peaks in the alpha frequency band (8–13 Hz) for selected ROI over frontal, central, and occipital scalp regions of Biosemi and Emotiv. <b>(c, d)</b> Double-logarithmic plots of the DFA fluctuation measure, <i>F (tau)</i>, showed power-law scaling in the time window range of 1–280 sec for both Biosemi and Emotiv data.</p
La utilización de pruebas psicológicas validadas y de confi abilidad comprobadas aportan evidenci... more La utilización de pruebas psicológicas validadas y de confi abilidad comprobadas aportan evidencias valiosas al profesional en una multiplicidad de actividades, que comprenden desde el diagnóstico, el plan y el seguimiento de tratamiento hasta la selección laboral, la orientación vocacional, las pericias judiciales e investigación; sin embargo, no siempre se disponen de baremos adaptados a la región en la que se pretende aplicar un instrumento y, en ocasiones, siquiera corresponden a datos normativos del país. En Argentina, la WISC-IV fue adaptada considerando población perteneciente al Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, no se incluye muestra de otras regiones del extenso país. Por lo tanto, se realizó una investigación cuantitativa no experimental, exploratoria- descriptiva, con el objetivo de determinar la importancia de contar con baremos adaptados de la WISC-IV para diferentes regiones de un mismo país; para ello, se analizaron comparativamente los índices obtenidos por 520 esc...
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