How can European societies more effectively promote the active engagement of immigrants and their... more How can European societies more effectively promote the active engagement of immigrants and their children in the political and civic life of the countries where they live? This groundbreaking collection of essays is the first to provide an empirical and comparative account of the political integration of migrants in Europe. Using data from a unique study conducted in ten European cities, and survey data from more than 10,000 individuals, this book shows how migrants' individual attributes and resources, their social capital, and the political opportunities provided by political institutions and public discourses shape their political integration. Social Capital, Political Participation and Migration in Europe shows that migrants resources – such as education and language proficiency – are crucial determinants of migrants' capacity to engage with politics. Equally, it discusses how certain types of social capital can be particularly beneficial in achieving migrants political inclusion. Finally, and importantly, this book demonstrates that certain legal, policy and discursive approaches are more effective than others in including migrants in the political community.
Anti-austerity protest in Spain can be understood in a broad context where the economic crisis ev... more Anti-austerity protest in Spain can be understood in a broad context where the economic crisis evolved in parallel to a political crisis. The study of the political consequences of the economic crisis is currently a relevant topic in Spain concerning the mobilization potential of grievances (Muñoz et al. 2014, Perez-Nievas et al. 2013) and partisan effects on how individuals understand the crisis (Fernández-Albertos, Kuo and Balcells 2013). Attitudes and beliefs on government responsibility provide a comprehensive picture of responses to the crisis, which may be conditioned by the role of parties and unions in the formation of grievances. Multiple studies in electoral politics have signaled to the importance of partisanship and party cues in explaining attitudes towards politics and issue positions (Bartels 2002). Parties have also been studied as central agents in developing the understanding of contested issues such as environmental beliefs (Buttel and Flinn 1976) attitudes towards war (Luther and Miller2005) and racial attitudes (Abramowitz 1994). This phenomenon has not received the attention it deserves in studying responses to the economic crisis, and partisan identity has been of no great concern when studying mobilization to anti-austerity protest. The central argument in this chapter is that partisan identity is relevant in explaining perceptions of the crisis, especially considering the context of union mobilization against austerity in the Spanish context
This article examines the macro–micro dynamics linking party membership with protest participatio... more This article examines the macro–micro dynamics linking party membership with protest participation. We theorise that institutional and extra-institutional engagement are mutually reinforcing and that party membership has a positive effect on party activism. We examine key ideational and structural factors identified in the literature to analyse the relative importance of various factors for party members’ involvement. We look at micro-macro-level linkages by examining macro-level contextual variables as well as the extent to which these features mediate the individual-level effects. Our results suggest that party members support social movements for a variety of ideational and structural reasons but that strategic reasons are also important. Moreover, we find that contexts marked by more open political opportunities close the gap in social movement activism between party members and non-members suggesting that contexts with higher public spending as well as crises could be capitalis...
By employing individual-level data on MPs in 15 countries and 73 national and local assemblies, t... more By employing individual-level data on MPs in 15 countries and 73 national and local assemblies, this article examines the conditions under which individual MPs are responsive to interest organizations. We show that MPs’ political values influence their responsiveness: MPs with more egalitarian and socially open values are more responsive to interest organizations. Moreover, MPs’ conceptions of democracy also matter in that more negative views of popular political involvement in democratic decision making are linked to lower responsiveness to interest organizations. Reliance on established ties with groups in society as well as support for technocracy have differential effects for responsiveness toward “old” and “new” interest organizations characterized by diverse social bases. These findings have important implications for democratic practice since they show how MPs are not all equally responsive to organized citizens as well as how different types of factors matter for responsiven...
Starting from a definition of altruism as situations in which a given actor sustains harm while a... more Starting from a definition of altruism as situations in which a given actor sustains harm while another actor gains benefits, we compare the behaviors of respondents in relation to the members of three main groups of beneficiaries—refugees and asylum seekers, unemployed people, and people with disabilities—through the analysis of original survey data collected in eight European countries ( N ~ 16,000) in the TransSOL project. We investigate in particular the reasons why people act on behalf of each of these three groups without being a member of any of them or having close ties with any individuals in these groups. These respondents are compared with respondents who are members of these groups and/or have close ties with people within them so as to isolate the factors underlying individual-level altruistic behavior. Our results show that political altruism emerges out of a complex combination of factors and is not simply reducible to social structural positions, subjective feelings ...
Previous studies have found that left-wing and libertarian individuals are more likely to engage ... more Previous studies have found that left-wing and libertarian individuals are more likely to engage in extra-institutional political activism. However, due to a lack of suitable data, studies to date have not analysed the relative influence of economic redistributive and social libertarian values for the intensity of protest participation. By analysing data from a unique cross-national dataset on participants in mass demonstrations in seven countries, this article addresses this gap in the literature and provides evidence of the relative impact of economic redistributive and social libertarian values in explaining different degrees of protest participation. We show that there are divergent logics underpinning the effect of the two value sets on extra-institutional participation. While both economically redistributive and libertarian social values support extra-institutional participation, economically redistributive protesters are mobilized to political action mainly through organizati...
This article investigates the involvement of alternative action organizations in three forms of p... more This article investigates the involvement of alternative action organizations in three forms of political advocacy in an attempt to gauge their degree of politicization. These forms can be understood as representing three different ways of making political claims: by raising public awareness with respect to a given cause or issue, by trying to influence the policy maker through "insider" lobbying activities, and by protesting in the streets as "outsiders." Our findings show strong cross-national variations in all three forms of political activities, although not always following a consistent pattern. They also suggest that there is a relationship between the severity of the economic crisis and the form of advocacy. Most important, our analysis suggests that the politicization of alternative action organizations depends both on certain internal characteristics such as their degree of formalization and professionalization, as well as their thematic focus, and the s...
How can European societies more effectively promote the active engagement of immigrants and their... more How can European societies more effectively promote the active engagement of immigrants and their children in the political and civic life of the countries where they live? This groundbreaking collection of essays is the first to provide an empirical and comparative account of the political integration of migrants in Europe. Using data from a unique study conducted in ten European cities, and survey data from more than 10,000 individuals, this book shows how migrants' individual attributes and resources, their social capital, and the political opportunities provided by political institutions and public discourses shape their political integration. Social Capital, Political Participation and Migration in Europe shows that migrants resources – such as education and language proficiency – are crucial determinants of migrants' capacity to engage with politics. Equally, it discusses how certain types of social capital can be particularly beneficial in achieving migrants political inclusion. Finally, and importantly, this book demonstrates that certain legal, policy and discursive approaches are more effective than others in including migrants in the political community.
Anti-austerity protest in Spain can be understood in a broad context where the economic crisis ev... more Anti-austerity protest in Spain can be understood in a broad context where the economic crisis evolved in parallel to a political crisis. The study of the political consequences of the economic crisis is currently a relevant topic in Spain concerning the mobilization potential of grievances (Muñoz et al. 2014, Perez-Nievas et al. 2013) and partisan effects on how individuals understand the crisis (Fernández-Albertos, Kuo and Balcells 2013). Attitudes and beliefs on government responsibility provide a comprehensive picture of responses to the crisis, which may be conditioned by the role of parties and unions in the formation of grievances. Multiple studies in electoral politics have signaled to the importance of partisanship and party cues in explaining attitudes towards politics and issue positions (Bartels 2002). Parties have also been studied as central agents in developing the understanding of contested issues such as environmental beliefs (Buttel and Flinn 1976) attitudes towards war (Luther and Miller2005) and racial attitudes (Abramowitz 1994). This phenomenon has not received the attention it deserves in studying responses to the economic crisis, and partisan identity has been of no great concern when studying mobilization to anti-austerity protest. The central argument in this chapter is that partisan identity is relevant in explaining perceptions of the crisis, especially considering the context of union mobilization against austerity in the Spanish context
This article examines the macro–micro dynamics linking party membership with protest participatio... more This article examines the macro–micro dynamics linking party membership with protest participation. We theorise that institutional and extra-institutional engagement are mutually reinforcing and that party membership has a positive effect on party activism. We examine key ideational and structural factors identified in the literature to analyse the relative importance of various factors for party members’ involvement. We look at micro-macro-level linkages by examining macro-level contextual variables as well as the extent to which these features mediate the individual-level effects. Our results suggest that party members support social movements for a variety of ideational and structural reasons but that strategic reasons are also important. Moreover, we find that contexts marked by more open political opportunities close the gap in social movement activism between party members and non-members suggesting that contexts with higher public spending as well as crises could be capitalis...
By employing individual-level data on MPs in 15 countries and 73 national and local assemblies, t... more By employing individual-level data on MPs in 15 countries and 73 national and local assemblies, this article examines the conditions under which individual MPs are responsive to interest organizations. We show that MPs’ political values influence their responsiveness: MPs with more egalitarian and socially open values are more responsive to interest organizations. Moreover, MPs’ conceptions of democracy also matter in that more negative views of popular political involvement in democratic decision making are linked to lower responsiveness to interest organizations. Reliance on established ties with groups in society as well as support for technocracy have differential effects for responsiveness toward “old” and “new” interest organizations characterized by diverse social bases. These findings have important implications for democratic practice since they show how MPs are not all equally responsive to organized citizens as well as how different types of factors matter for responsiven...
Starting from a definition of altruism as situations in which a given actor sustains harm while a... more Starting from a definition of altruism as situations in which a given actor sustains harm while another actor gains benefits, we compare the behaviors of respondents in relation to the members of three main groups of beneficiaries—refugees and asylum seekers, unemployed people, and people with disabilities—through the analysis of original survey data collected in eight European countries ( N ~ 16,000) in the TransSOL project. We investigate in particular the reasons why people act on behalf of each of these three groups without being a member of any of them or having close ties with any individuals in these groups. These respondents are compared with respondents who are members of these groups and/or have close ties with people within them so as to isolate the factors underlying individual-level altruistic behavior. Our results show that political altruism emerges out of a complex combination of factors and is not simply reducible to social structural positions, subjective feelings ...
Previous studies have found that left-wing and libertarian individuals are more likely to engage ... more Previous studies have found that left-wing and libertarian individuals are more likely to engage in extra-institutional political activism. However, due to a lack of suitable data, studies to date have not analysed the relative influence of economic redistributive and social libertarian values for the intensity of protest participation. By analysing data from a unique cross-national dataset on participants in mass demonstrations in seven countries, this article addresses this gap in the literature and provides evidence of the relative impact of economic redistributive and social libertarian values in explaining different degrees of protest participation. We show that there are divergent logics underpinning the effect of the two value sets on extra-institutional participation. While both economically redistributive and libertarian social values support extra-institutional participation, economically redistributive protesters are mobilized to political action mainly through organizati...
This article investigates the involvement of alternative action organizations in three forms of p... more This article investigates the involvement of alternative action organizations in three forms of political advocacy in an attempt to gauge their degree of politicization. These forms can be understood as representing three different ways of making political claims: by raising public awareness with respect to a given cause or issue, by trying to influence the policy maker through "insider" lobbying activities, and by protesting in the streets as "outsiders." Our findings show strong cross-national variations in all three forms of political activities, although not always following a consistent pattern. They also suggest that there is a relationship between the severity of the economic crisis and the form of advocacy. Most important, our analysis suggests that the politicization of alternative action organizations depends both on certain internal characteristics such as their degree of formalization and professionalization, as well as their thematic focus, and the s...
Environmental movements are networks of informal interactions that may include individuals, group... more Environmental movements are networks of informal interactions that may include individuals, groups, and organizations engaged in collective action motivated by shared identity or concern about environmental issues. This article reviews literature on environmental movements (including antinuclear energy movements) according to four main aspects: the social bases and values underlying the movements' mobilization, the resources supporting their mobilization, the political opportunities channeling their mobilization, and the cultural framing processes through which environmental issues are defined as social and political problems to be addressed through mobilization. In addition, we consider the historical antecedents and roots of environmental movements. Finally, we discuss the interplay between the local and the global levels and the movements' impacts, a long neglected issue in the social movement literature. Our review highlights three main features of environmental movement...
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Books by Marco Giugni
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