Governance für eine Gesellschaftstransformation, 2017
Die „Grose Transformation“, der gesellschaftspolitische Umbau in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entw... more Die „Grose Transformation“, der gesellschaftspolitische Umbau in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, bringt weitreichende und vielfaltige Gestaltungsaufgaben fur die politischen, zivilgesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Akteure mit sich, die an einer entsprechenden Institutionengestaltung fur eine ressourcenschonende, klimavertragliche und nachhaltige Wirtschaftsordnung beteiligt sind. Neben den klassischen Steuerungsansatzen des regulierenden Staates existiert bereits heute schon eine grose Vielzahl von neuen Governance-Formen, die von dynamischen Bottom-up-Bewegungen der Zivilgesellschaft zur Initiierung sozialer Innovationen bis hin zu neuen Regelsetzungsformen durch Unternehmen und Marktakteuren in globalen Wertschopfungsketten reichen. Obgleich die Notwendigkeit gesellschaftlicher Transformationsprozesse in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung weitgehend erkannt wird, steht die wissenschaftlichkonzeptionelle und gesellschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen der Koordination und Gestaltung von Gesellschaftstransformation noch recht am Anfang.
In response to the risks ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) are exposed to, and to guarantee ... more In response to the risks ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) are exposed to, and to guarantee resilience of socio-ecological systems in the long run, human beings have to react; they have to employ certain strategies to direct developments. There are multiple questions to ask: how should they act in a transformative way? How do individuals and organisations structure and coordinate their actions to handel ES risk management? How does collective action look like? Which policy instruments and strategies are used? These questions can be answered by having a look at the governance of ecosystem services. This chapter will introduce the idea of governance and its institutional background. Moreover, it will explain different governance models: hierarchies, markets, and community management - based on cooperation, and networks. Examples from case studies demonstrate that in reality, innovative management approaches are often hybrids of the governance models. To illustrate the examples, we focus on the role of actors and institutions. We conclude by giving attention to the challenges of governance to acheiving a resilient ES management.
The analysis framework for the governance of policy and business innovation types and conditions ... more The analysis framework for the governance of policy and business innovation types and conditions is developed in the context of the H2020 InnoForESt Innovation Action as an analytical lens to explore influencing factors of governance innovation types and conditions for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services. Building on the idea to analyse InnoForESt case study innovations as interconnected social-ecological forestry systems, socio-technical systems, and innovation systems, the analysis framework shall support project partners and political decision-makers: a) Retrospectively, to gain a good understanding of the emergence and development of forest governance innovations (i.e., what factors have influenced the innovation, from early ideas of its emergence and its developments until now); and b) Prospectively, on the enabling conditions of their upscaling and upgrading potentials (i.e., what is needed for a similar innovation elsewhere, or an improved version of the in...
Our study deals with human-wildlife conflicts in the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi Tr... more Our study deals with human-wildlife conflicts in the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA). The study reconstructs the historical occurrence of selected mammal species and adopts a socio-ecological approach to assess the impact of human dimensions in the KAZA TFCA. Our results reveal pronounced human–wildlife conflicts with considerable impacts on the livelihoods of communities. Human–wildlife conflict has the potential to become a significant contributor to the failure of the TFCA concept. Conflicts are influenced by a growing human population and large mammal species re-colonising formerly abandoned areas. Mapping the occurrence of selected mammal species over time reveals an interesting picture: although conservation initiatives have led to an increase in the population size of selected species, their occurrence is more restricted than in times of heavily decimated wildlife populations. The increasing restriction of wildlife to prot...
SUMMARYConservation trading has developed as a policy instrument for biodiversity protection. Thi... more SUMMARYConservation trading has developed as a policy instrument for biodiversity protection. This paper traces the emergence, development, and spread of conservation trading, focusing particularly on the formation and activities of an increasingly transnational policy instrument constituency, namely the actor group that has formed around the policy instrument in its support. The development of conservation trading was predominantly guided by a constituency of dominant business-oriented actors, beginning with mitigation measures in the USA and making later connections to international networks with a similar market-driven orientation for environmental protection. By strategically combining agenda-driven research with the mobilization of political support, this constituency helped to establish conservation trading as a widely acknowledged policy solution applicable to various ecological and sociopolitical contexts. Yet, this was achieved, in part, at the cost of neglecting critical i...
In this paper, a service economic analysis framework is developed and applied in order to define,... more In this paper, a service economic analysis framework is developed and applied in order to define, understand, explain and improve landscape services. Together with the ecosystem functions and externalities approach, landscape services are understood as intentionally provided targeted outcomes of agricultural production, with the objective to improve landscape quality. Based on this conceptualisation, a five-step analysis framework is developed and applied to analyse the supply chain of three different landscape services. Empirical evidence was collected from two case studies located in France and Austria, whereas the French case study is the national grassland premium and the Austrian case study is on a local landscape scheme. It could be shown that a key strength of the utilised service economic perspective lies in its formalised structure which allowed the identification of involved actors, the organisation of their relation and the way they are acting within their institutional s...
Les espaces ruraux sont actuellement en pleine mutation (Perrier-Cornet, 2002). L'arrivée de ... more Les espaces ruraux sont actuellement en pleine mutation (Perrier-Cornet, 2002). L'arrivée de nouveaux résidents dans les campagnes et le regain d'intérêt de la population pour celles-ci (CREDOC, 2001) entraînent le développement de ses usages récréatifs. Dans ce contexte, la voirie locale et son entretien nous semble révélatrice des enjeux actuels autour des usages de l'espace rural. Notre communication aborde la question suivante : comment cette voirie locale, qui cristallise les nouvelles attentes de loisirs de la population et les nouvelles compétences des collectivités, est-elle entretenue ? Le cadre conceptuel choisi pour cette étude est le triangle des services de Gadrey (1996) qui permet de modéliser le jeu des acteurs intervenant dans l'entretien de la voirie locale mais aussi d'analyser les différentes formes d'organisation du service d'entretien. Méthodologiquement, l'analyse repose sur des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des structures imp...
The need for outdoor recreation inventories and monitoring is described in various forest policy ... more The need for outdoor recreation inventories and monitoring is described in various forest policy documents and legislation on the European and national level, and differences in priorities, implementation status and methodology can be observed among countries. The objective of this presentation is to highlight the findings of an analysis of how recreational aspects are reflected in core forest policy and legislation documents as well as related domains. The COST E33 network was used to extract information about recreational demand, supply and monitoring practises for international comparison. The results give insights into national policy setting and legislation in the field of outdoor recreation, and reveal commonalities, gaps and future needs. One of the main findings is a contradiction between the expressed political importance of outdoor recreation on both the European and national level, and the many associated nonbinding commitments. The majority of the countries surveyed reco...
Governance für eine Gesellschaftstransformation, 2017
Die „Grose Transformation“, der gesellschaftspolitische Umbau in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entw... more Die „Grose Transformation“, der gesellschaftspolitische Umbau in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, bringt weitreichende und vielfaltige Gestaltungsaufgaben fur die politischen, zivilgesellschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Akteure mit sich, die an einer entsprechenden Institutionengestaltung fur eine ressourcenschonende, klimavertragliche und nachhaltige Wirtschaftsordnung beteiligt sind. Neben den klassischen Steuerungsansatzen des regulierenden Staates existiert bereits heute schon eine grose Vielzahl von neuen Governance-Formen, die von dynamischen Bottom-up-Bewegungen der Zivilgesellschaft zur Initiierung sozialer Innovationen bis hin zu neuen Regelsetzungsformen durch Unternehmen und Marktakteuren in globalen Wertschopfungsketten reichen. Obgleich die Notwendigkeit gesellschaftlicher Transformationsprozesse in Richtung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung weitgehend erkannt wird, steht die wissenschaftlichkonzeptionelle und gesellschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen der Koordination und Gestaltung von Gesellschaftstransformation noch recht am Anfang.
In response to the risks ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) are exposed to, and to guarantee ... more In response to the risks ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) are exposed to, and to guarantee resilience of socio-ecological systems in the long run, human beings have to react; they have to employ certain strategies to direct developments. There are multiple questions to ask: how should they act in a transformative way? How do individuals and organisations structure and coordinate their actions to handel ES risk management? How does collective action look like? Which policy instruments and strategies are used? These questions can be answered by having a look at the governance of ecosystem services. This chapter will introduce the idea of governance and its institutional background. Moreover, it will explain different governance models: hierarchies, markets, and community management - based on cooperation, and networks. Examples from case studies demonstrate that in reality, innovative management approaches are often hybrids of the governance models. To illustrate the examples, we focus on the role of actors and institutions. We conclude by giving attention to the challenges of governance to acheiving a resilient ES management.
The analysis framework for the governance of policy and business innovation types and conditions ... more The analysis framework for the governance of policy and business innovation types and conditions is developed in the context of the H2020 InnoForESt Innovation Action as an analytical lens to explore influencing factors of governance innovation types and conditions for the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services. Building on the idea to analyse InnoForESt case study innovations as interconnected social-ecological forestry systems, socio-technical systems, and innovation systems, the analysis framework shall support project partners and political decision-makers: a) Retrospectively, to gain a good understanding of the emergence and development of forest governance innovations (i.e., what factors have influenced the innovation, from early ideas of its emergence and its developments until now); and b) Prospectively, on the enabling conditions of their upscaling and upgrading potentials (i.e., what is needed for a similar innovation elsewhere, or an improved version of the in...
Our study deals with human-wildlife conflicts in the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi Tr... more Our study deals with human-wildlife conflicts in the Namibian component of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA). The study reconstructs the historical occurrence of selected mammal species and adopts a socio-ecological approach to assess the impact of human dimensions in the KAZA TFCA. Our results reveal pronounced human–wildlife conflicts with considerable impacts on the livelihoods of communities. Human–wildlife conflict has the potential to become a significant contributor to the failure of the TFCA concept. Conflicts are influenced by a growing human population and large mammal species re-colonising formerly abandoned areas. Mapping the occurrence of selected mammal species over time reveals an interesting picture: although conservation initiatives have led to an increase in the population size of selected species, their occurrence is more restricted than in times of heavily decimated wildlife populations. The increasing restriction of wildlife to prot...
SUMMARYConservation trading has developed as a policy instrument for biodiversity protection. Thi... more SUMMARYConservation trading has developed as a policy instrument for biodiversity protection. This paper traces the emergence, development, and spread of conservation trading, focusing particularly on the formation and activities of an increasingly transnational policy instrument constituency, namely the actor group that has formed around the policy instrument in its support. The development of conservation trading was predominantly guided by a constituency of dominant business-oriented actors, beginning with mitigation measures in the USA and making later connections to international networks with a similar market-driven orientation for environmental protection. By strategically combining agenda-driven research with the mobilization of political support, this constituency helped to establish conservation trading as a widely acknowledged policy solution applicable to various ecological and sociopolitical contexts. Yet, this was achieved, in part, at the cost of neglecting critical i...
In this paper, a service economic analysis framework is developed and applied in order to define,... more In this paper, a service economic analysis framework is developed and applied in order to define, understand, explain and improve landscape services. Together with the ecosystem functions and externalities approach, landscape services are understood as intentionally provided targeted outcomes of agricultural production, with the objective to improve landscape quality. Based on this conceptualisation, a five-step analysis framework is developed and applied to analyse the supply chain of three different landscape services. Empirical evidence was collected from two case studies located in France and Austria, whereas the French case study is the national grassland premium and the Austrian case study is on a local landscape scheme. It could be shown that a key strength of the utilised service economic perspective lies in its formalised structure which allowed the identification of involved actors, the organisation of their relation and the way they are acting within their institutional s...
Les espaces ruraux sont actuellement en pleine mutation (Perrier-Cornet, 2002). L'arrivée de ... more Les espaces ruraux sont actuellement en pleine mutation (Perrier-Cornet, 2002). L'arrivée de nouveaux résidents dans les campagnes et le regain d'intérêt de la population pour celles-ci (CREDOC, 2001) entraînent le développement de ses usages récréatifs. Dans ce contexte, la voirie locale et son entretien nous semble révélatrice des enjeux actuels autour des usages de l'espace rural. Notre communication aborde la question suivante : comment cette voirie locale, qui cristallise les nouvelles attentes de loisirs de la population et les nouvelles compétences des collectivités, est-elle entretenue ? Le cadre conceptuel choisi pour cette étude est le triangle des services de Gadrey (1996) qui permet de modéliser le jeu des acteurs intervenant dans l'entretien de la voirie locale mais aussi d'analyser les différentes formes d'organisation du service d'entretien. Méthodologiquement, l'analyse repose sur des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des structures imp...
The need for outdoor recreation inventories and monitoring is described in various forest policy ... more The need for outdoor recreation inventories and monitoring is described in various forest policy documents and legislation on the European and national level, and differences in priorities, implementation status and methodology can be observed among countries. The objective of this presentation is to highlight the findings of an analysis of how recreational aspects are reflected in core forest policy and legislation documents as well as related domains. The COST E33 network was used to extract information about recreational demand, supply and monitoring practises for international comparison. The results give insights into national policy setting and legislation in the field of outdoor recreation, and reveal commonalities, gaps and future needs. One of the main findings is a contradiction between the expressed political importance of outdoor recreation on both the European and national level, and the many associated nonbinding commitments. The majority of the countries surveyed reco...
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