Seeds of two commercial malt barley cultivars, VJM201 and DWR28, were treated with different conc... more Seeds of two commercial malt barley cultivars, VJM201 and DWR28, were treated with different concentrations of the chemical mutagen, 1, 3-buta diene diopoxide (DEB) to induce mutations for disease resistance. The number of chlorophyll/ morphological mutants and mutation frequency, calculated 1000 -1 M 2 plants, was higher in DWR28 compared to VJM201 in M2. Many mutants were isolated with higher degree of resistance to yellow rust, brown rust and leaf blight, whereas some others showed higher degree of susceptibility to these diseases compared to the parent cultivars. Besides the mutants for disease resistance, some morphological mutants were also discovered especially for the quantitative traits like tiller number, spike length, etc. Plants having multiple mutant traits were also observed in both parent cultivars. Practical utility of desirable mutants having resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust and leaf blight has been discussed.
A comprehensive germplasm evaluation study of wheat accessions conserved in the Indian National G... more A comprehensive germplasm evaluation study of wheat accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank was conducted to identify sources of rust and spot blotch resistance. Genebank accessions comprising three species of wheat-Triticum aestivum, T. durum and T. dicoccum were screened sequentially at multiple disease hotspots, during the 2011-14 crop seasons, carrying only resistant accessions to the next step of evaluation. Wheat accessions which were found to be resistant in the field were then assayed for seedling resistance and profiled using molecular markers. In the primary evaluation, 19,460 accessions were screened at Wellington (Tamil Nadu), a hotspot for wheat rusts. We identified 4925 accessions to be resistant and these were further evaluated at Gurdaspur (Punjab), a hotspot for stripe rust and at Cooch Behar (West Bengal), a hotspot for spot blotch. The second round evaluation identified 498 accessions potentially resistant to multiple rusts and 868 accessions potentia...
Surveys conducted for the prevalence of yellow or stripe rust (Puccinia. striiformis f. sp. triti... more Surveys conducted for the prevalence of yellow or stripe rust (Puccinia. striiformis f. sp. tritici) of wheat revealed that it first appeared at certain locations in the sub-mountainous districts of SBS Nagar, Ropar, Hoshiarpur in the Punjab State and adjoining areas of Himachal Pradesh from where it spread further to other areas. Severity of yellow rust in different districts of Punjab varied from 6.5–35.6, 2.6–28.5 and 3.5–20.5 per cent during 2010–11, 2011–12 and 2012–13, respectively. The analysis of samples collected from various locations revealed that frequency of two commonly prevalent pathotypes 78S84 and 46S119 varied in the proportion of 75:25, 35:65 and 20:80 per cent during 2010–11, 2011–12 and 2012–13, respectively. In vitro evaluation of different fungicides against yellow rust indicated that all the fungicides tested were effective in reducing uredospore germination of the rust fungus. However, field evaluation of fungicides revealed that Bayleton was the most effect...
Under field conditions, various fungicide molecules were validated for their effectiveness on bar... more Under field conditions, various fungicide molecules were validated for their effectiveness on barley stripe rust consecutively for two years under artificial field epiphytotic conditions at two locations. Seven fungicides viz., Propiconazole 25%EC (Tilt @ 0.1%), Tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (Folicur @ 0.1%), Triademefon 25%WP ( Bayleton @ 0.1% ), Propiconazole 25%EC (Tilt @ 0.05%), Tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (Folicur @ 0.05%), Triademefon 25%WP (Bayleton@ 0.05%), and Mancozeb 75%WP (Dithane M45 @ 0.2% ) with various concentrations were tested for their effectiveness in controlling barley stripe rust severity. All fungicide applications resulted in lower disease severity and higher grain yields than untreated check plots. In Ludhiana, all the fungicides @ 0.1% concentrations reduced disease severity ranging from 83.12% to 92.82% except Dithane M45@ 0.2% (23.18%). In Durgapura, Folicur @ 0.1% and Bayleton @ 0.1% reduced the disease severity to maximum of 83.34% and 85.83% respectively. Th...
Wheat germplasm, numbering 6, 319 available with NBPGR, New Delhi, was evaluated at multilocation... more Wheat germplasm, numbering 6, 319 available with NBPGR, New Delhi, was evaluated at multilocations during 2004–05 to 2008–09 (five crop seasons) against major diseases of wheat under hot spot and artificially epiphytotic conditions. The diseases were: the three rusts, foliar blight and Karnal bunt. Based on this, the accessions of germplasm were identified as having multiple disease resistance. These diverse sources are available in National Genebank of NBPGR, New Delhi, and can be utilized in the breeding programme for providing durable or sustainable resistance.
One hundred and twenty seven genotypes of barley from the various centres of the All India Coordi... more One hundred and twenty seven genotypes of barley from the various centres of the All India Coordinated Wheat & Barley Improvement Project (AICW&BIP) were evaluated by artificial inoculation in the field for two consecutive years (2009–10 and 2010–11) to identify new sources of resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei). The same set of genotypes was also evaluated against five individual races, 24, 57, G, Q and M at the seedling stage during 2009–11 in the greenhouse under controlled conditions. Based on both seedling and adult plant evaluation 10 genotypes (BHS392, DWR88, JB187, JB206, PL844, RD2786, RD2787, RD2803, RD2804 and VLB119) were found resistant across the five races of yellow rust in India. These new sources of resistance to multiple races of yellow rust would be useful in resistance breeding programme in India.
Breeding for resistance against rusts and high yielding varieties is an important objective of wh... more Breeding for resistance against rusts and high yielding varieties is an important objective of wheat breeding program in the country. It is also widely recognized that in the absence of diverse genetic input, the breeding approach may not prove fruitful. The genetic variability for resistance to rusts within wheat needs to be supplemented with identification and mobilization of new genes from untrapped germplasm collection. So there is a need to identify suitable parental genotypes to be involved in the hybridization program. Keeping this in view, more than 1000 entries of wheat germplasm received from National Bureau of Pant Genetic Resources, New Delhi were evaluated for resistance to rusts (stripe rust and leaf rust) during 2006–07 and 2007–08 by creating artificial epiphytotic conditions. The genetic diversity of these lines was also studied. It was observed that the resistance to stripe and leaf rust was inferred in 79 entries. Three entries namely, IC 416287, IC 427157 and IC ...
Seeds of two commercial malt barley cultivars, VJM201 and DWR28, were treated with different conc... more Seeds of two commercial malt barley cultivars, VJM201 and DWR28, were treated with different concentrations of the chemical mutagen, 1, 3-buta diene diopoxide (DEB) to induce mutations for disease resistance. The number of chlorophyll/ morphological mutants and mutation frequency, calculated 1000 -1 M 2 plants, was higher in DWR28 compared to VJM201 in M2. Many mutants were isolated with higher degree of resistance to yellow rust, brown rust and leaf blight, whereas some others showed higher degree of susceptibility to these diseases compared to the parent cultivars. Besides the mutants for disease resistance, some morphological mutants were also discovered especially for the quantitative traits like tiller number, spike length, etc. Plants having multiple mutant traits were also observed in both parent cultivars. Practical utility of desirable mutants having resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust and leaf blight has been discussed.
A comprehensive germplasm evaluation study of wheat accessions conserved in the Indian National G... more A comprehensive germplasm evaluation study of wheat accessions conserved in the Indian National Genebank was conducted to identify sources of rust and spot blotch resistance. Genebank accessions comprising three species of wheat-Triticum aestivum, T. durum and T. dicoccum were screened sequentially at multiple disease hotspots, during the 2011-14 crop seasons, carrying only resistant accessions to the next step of evaluation. Wheat accessions which were found to be resistant in the field were then assayed for seedling resistance and profiled using molecular markers. In the primary evaluation, 19,460 accessions were screened at Wellington (Tamil Nadu), a hotspot for wheat rusts. We identified 4925 accessions to be resistant and these were further evaluated at Gurdaspur (Punjab), a hotspot for stripe rust and at Cooch Behar (West Bengal), a hotspot for spot blotch. The second round evaluation identified 498 accessions potentially resistant to multiple rusts and 868 accessions potentia...
Surveys conducted for the prevalence of yellow or stripe rust (Puccinia. striiformis f. sp. triti... more Surveys conducted for the prevalence of yellow or stripe rust (Puccinia. striiformis f. sp. tritici) of wheat revealed that it first appeared at certain locations in the sub-mountainous districts of SBS Nagar, Ropar, Hoshiarpur in the Punjab State and adjoining areas of Himachal Pradesh from where it spread further to other areas. Severity of yellow rust in different districts of Punjab varied from 6.5–35.6, 2.6–28.5 and 3.5–20.5 per cent during 2010–11, 2011–12 and 2012–13, respectively. The analysis of samples collected from various locations revealed that frequency of two commonly prevalent pathotypes 78S84 and 46S119 varied in the proportion of 75:25, 35:65 and 20:80 per cent during 2010–11, 2011–12 and 2012–13, respectively. In vitro evaluation of different fungicides against yellow rust indicated that all the fungicides tested were effective in reducing uredospore germination of the rust fungus. However, field evaluation of fungicides revealed that Bayleton was the most effect...
Under field conditions, various fungicide molecules were validated for their effectiveness on bar... more Under field conditions, various fungicide molecules were validated for their effectiveness on barley stripe rust consecutively for two years under artificial field epiphytotic conditions at two locations. Seven fungicides viz., Propiconazole 25%EC (Tilt @ 0.1%), Tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (Folicur @ 0.1%), Triademefon 25%WP ( Bayleton @ 0.1% ), Propiconazole 25%EC (Tilt @ 0.05%), Tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (Folicur @ 0.05%), Triademefon 25%WP (Bayleton@ 0.05%), and Mancozeb 75%WP (Dithane M45 @ 0.2% ) with various concentrations were tested for their effectiveness in controlling barley stripe rust severity. All fungicide applications resulted in lower disease severity and higher grain yields than untreated check plots. In Ludhiana, all the fungicides @ 0.1% concentrations reduced disease severity ranging from 83.12% to 92.82% except Dithane M45@ 0.2% (23.18%). In Durgapura, Folicur @ 0.1% and Bayleton @ 0.1% reduced the disease severity to maximum of 83.34% and 85.83% respectively. Th...
Wheat germplasm, numbering 6, 319 available with NBPGR, New Delhi, was evaluated at multilocation... more Wheat germplasm, numbering 6, 319 available with NBPGR, New Delhi, was evaluated at multilocations during 2004–05 to 2008–09 (five crop seasons) against major diseases of wheat under hot spot and artificially epiphytotic conditions. The diseases were: the three rusts, foliar blight and Karnal bunt. Based on this, the accessions of germplasm were identified as having multiple disease resistance. These diverse sources are available in National Genebank of NBPGR, New Delhi, and can be utilized in the breeding programme for providing durable or sustainable resistance.
One hundred and twenty seven genotypes of barley from the various centres of the All India Coordi... more One hundred and twenty seven genotypes of barley from the various centres of the All India Coordinated Wheat & Barley Improvement Project (AICW&BIP) were evaluated by artificial inoculation in the field for two consecutive years (2009–10 and 2010–11) to identify new sources of resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei). The same set of genotypes was also evaluated against five individual races, 24, 57, G, Q and M at the seedling stage during 2009–11 in the greenhouse under controlled conditions. Based on both seedling and adult plant evaluation 10 genotypes (BHS392, DWR88, JB187, JB206, PL844, RD2786, RD2787, RD2803, RD2804 and VLB119) were found resistant across the five races of yellow rust in India. These new sources of resistance to multiple races of yellow rust would be useful in resistance breeding programme in India.
Breeding for resistance against rusts and high yielding varieties is an important objective of wh... more Breeding for resistance against rusts and high yielding varieties is an important objective of wheat breeding program in the country. It is also widely recognized that in the absence of diverse genetic input, the breeding approach may not prove fruitful. The genetic variability for resistance to rusts within wheat needs to be supplemented with identification and mobilization of new genes from untrapped germplasm collection. So there is a need to identify suitable parental genotypes to be involved in the hybridization program. Keeping this in view, more than 1000 entries of wheat germplasm received from National Bureau of Pant Genetic Resources, New Delhi were evaluated for resistance to rusts (stripe rust and leaf rust) during 2006–07 and 2007–08 by creating artificial epiphytotic conditions. The genetic diversity of these lines was also studied. It was observed that the resistance to stripe and leaf rust was inferred in 79 entries. Three entries namely, IC 416287, IC 427157 and IC ...
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