The global fallout (236)U level in soil was deduced from measurements of (236)U, (239+240)Pu and ... more The global fallout (236)U level in soil was deduced from measurements of (236)U, (239+240)Pu and (137)Cs in surface soils which are solely influenced by global fallout. A total of 12 soil cores from the depths of 0-10, 0-20 and 0-30 cm were collected at a flat forest area in Japan. Concentrations of (239+240)Pu and (238)U were determined by alpha-particle spectrometry, while the (236)U/(238)U ratio was measured with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Consistent (236)U/(239)Pu ratios between 0.212 and 0.253 were found. Using this ratio, the total global fallout of (236)U on the earth is estimated to be as much as ca. 900 kg. This knowledge will contribute to the promotion of research on U isotopes, including (236)U, for the fields of geo-resources, waste management and geochemistry.
The background doses for the teeth of Japanese residents were obtained by electron spin resonance... more The background doses for the teeth of Japanese residents were obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) method. The doses obtained from 77 of 92 samples are less than 100 mGy while the doses of the other samples are high up to 250 mGy. The doses for buccal part of the teeth are higher than lingual part possibly due to contributions from dental
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a well-known malignant disease in infants, but its molecular mechanisms hav... more Neuroblastoma (NB) is a well-known malignant disease in infants, but its molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate the genetic contribution of abnormalities on the long arm of chromosome 14 (14q) in NB, we analysed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 54 primary NB samples using 12 microsatellite markers on 14q32. Seventeen (31%) of 54 tumours showed LOH at one or more of the markers analysed, and the smallest common region of allelic loss was identified between D14S62 and D14S987. This region was estimated to be 1-cM long from the linkage map. Fluorescence in situ hybridization also confirmed the loss. There was no statistical correlation between LOH and any clinicopathologic features, including age, stage, amplification of MYCN and ploidy. We further constructed a contig spanning the lost region using bacterial artificial chromosome and estimated this region to be approximately 1.1-Mb by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Our results will contribute to clon...
In angiotensin II (A II)-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC), the role of the level of hypert... more In angiotensin II (A II)-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC), the role of the level of hypertension induced by A II and pattern of maintenance of the state was investigated in 5,840 IHC records of 264 patients. The pattern of IHC records of each patient was evaluated according to the range of the mean elevated blood pressure (MBPe) and induced hypertension point (IHTP). The MBPe of each record was calculated from 5-7 randomly selected values. The range of MBPe from each record was estimated, while discarding the max and min values. IHTP was classified into three categories as follows: 1:160 > MBPe > or = 140, 2: MBPe > 160 and 140 > MBPe > or = 130; and 3: 130 > MBPe. The most frequent category of all records was determined as the IHTP of each patient. One point was added to IHTP, when the fluctuation range of MBPe was more than 10 mmHg, and when the other categories were mixed more than 25% among all records. The MBPe of CR + PR group were significantly higher...
The effective neutron W value for tissue-equivalent gas in the energy region from 5 keV to 5.7 Me... more The effective neutron W value for tissue-equivalent gas in the energy region from 5 keV to 5.7 MeV has been calculated using W values for recoil particles (protons, alpha particles, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen ions), which are produced by incident neutrons. The W value is assumed to be an energy-fluence-average over the W values of the recoil particles. The energy fluence spectra for the recoil particles are calculated by using a continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA). For the W values of recoil particles in the low-energy region, the recently evaluated data by Siebert et al and Taylor et al were used. Results are presented which show that the effective neutron W value depends strongly on energy in the low-energy region. This result indicates that neutron dose measurements using ionization chambers need a considerable correction of the W value in the low-energy region.
The first measurements of (63)Ni produced by A-bomb fast neutrons (above approximately 1 MeV) in ... more The first measurements of (63)Ni produced by A-bomb fast neutrons (above approximately 1 MeV) in copper samples from Hiroshima encompassed distances from approximately 380 to 5062 m from the hypocenter (the point on the ground directly under the bomb). They included the region of interest to survivor studies (approximately 900 to 1500 m) and provided the first direct validation of fast neutrons in that range. However, a significant measurement gap remained between the hypocenter and 380 m. Measurements close to the hypocenter are important as a high-value anchor for the slope of the curve for neutron activation as a function of distance. Here we report measurements of (63)Ni in copper samples from the historic Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Dome, which is located approximately 150 m from the hypocenter. These measurements extend the range of our previously published data for (63)Ni providing a more comprehensive and consistent A-bomb activation curve. The results are also in good agreement with calculations based on the current dosimetry system (DS02) and give further experimental support to the accuracy of this system that forms the basis for radiation risk estimates worldwide.
Microdosimetric single event spectrum in a human body simulated by an acrylic phantom has been me... more Microdosimetric single event spectrum in a human body simulated by an acrylic phantom has been measured for the clinical BNCT field at the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). The recoil particles resulting from the initial reaction and subsequent interactions, namely protons, electrons, alpha particles and carbon nuclei are identified in the microdosimetric spectrum. The relative contributions to the neutron dose from proton, alpha particles and carbon are estimated to be about 0.9, 0.07 and 0.3, respectively, four depths between 5 and 41 mm. We estimate that the dose averaged lineal energy, yD decreased with depth from 64 to 46 keV microm(-1). Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of this neutron field using a response function for the microdosimetric spectrum was estimated to decrease from 3.6 to 2.9 with increasing depth.
The global fallout (236)U level in soil was deduced from measurements of (236)U, (239+240)Pu and ... more The global fallout (236)U level in soil was deduced from measurements of (236)U, (239+240)Pu and (137)Cs in surface soils which are solely influenced by global fallout. A total of 12 soil cores from the depths of 0-10, 0-20 and 0-30 cm were collected at a flat forest area in Japan. Concentrations of (239+240)Pu and (238)U were determined by alpha-particle spectrometry, while the (236)U/(238)U ratio was measured with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Consistent (236)U/(239)Pu ratios between 0.212 and 0.253 were found. Using this ratio, the total global fallout of (236)U on the earth is estimated to be as much as ca. 900 kg. This knowledge will contribute to the promotion of research on U isotopes, including (236)U, for the fields of geo-resources, waste management and geochemistry.
The background doses for the teeth of Japanese residents were obtained by electron spin resonance... more The background doses for the teeth of Japanese residents were obtained by electron spin resonance (ESR) method. The doses obtained from 77 of 92 samples are less than 100 mGy while the doses of the other samples are high up to 250 mGy. The doses for buccal part of the teeth are higher than lingual part possibly due to contributions from dental
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a well-known malignant disease in infants, but its molecular mechanisms hav... more Neuroblastoma (NB) is a well-known malignant disease in infants, but its molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. To investigate the genetic contribution of abnormalities on the long arm of chromosome 14 (14q) in NB, we analysed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 54 primary NB samples using 12 microsatellite markers on 14q32. Seventeen (31%) of 54 tumours showed LOH at one or more of the markers analysed, and the smallest common region of allelic loss was identified between D14S62 and D14S987. This region was estimated to be 1-cM long from the linkage map. Fluorescence in situ hybridization also confirmed the loss. There was no statistical correlation between LOH and any clinicopathologic features, including age, stage, amplification of MYCN and ploidy. We further constructed a contig spanning the lost region using bacterial artificial chromosome and estimated this region to be approximately 1.1-Mb by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Our results will contribute to clon...
In angiotensin II (A II)-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC), the role of the level of hypert... more In angiotensin II (A II)-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC), the role of the level of hypertension induced by A II and pattern of maintenance of the state was investigated in 5,840 IHC records of 264 patients. The pattern of IHC records of each patient was evaluated according to the range of the mean elevated blood pressure (MBPe) and induced hypertension point (IHTP). The MBPe of each record was calculated from 5-7 randomly selected values. The range of MBPe from each record was estimated, while discarding the max and min values. IHTP was classified into three categories as follows: 1:160 > MBPe > or = 140, 2: MBPe > 160 and 140 > MBPe > or = 130; and 3: 130 > MBPe. The most frequent category of all records was determined as the IHTP of each patient. One point was added to IHTP, when the fluctuation range of MBPe was more than 10 mmHg, and when the other categories were mixed more than 25% among all records. The MBPe of CR + PR group were significantly higher...
The effective neutron W value for tissue-equivalent gas in the energy region from 5 keV to 5.7 Me... more The effective neutron W value for tissue-equivalent gas in the energy region from 5 keV to 5.7 MeV has been calculated using W values for recoil particles (protons, alpha particles, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen ions), which are produced by incident neutrons. The W value is assumed to be an energy-fluence-average over the W values of the recoil particles. The energy fluence spectra for the recoil particles are calculated by using a continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA). For the W values of recoil particles in the low-energy region, the recently evaluated data by Siebert et al and Taylor et al were used. Results are presented which show that the effective neutron W value depends strongly on energy in the low-energy region. This result indicates that neutron dose measurements using ionization chambers need a considerable correction of the W value in the low-energy region.
The first measurements of (63)Ni produced by A-bomb fast neutrons (above approximately 1 MeV) in ... more The first measurements of (63)Ni produced by A-bomb fast neutrons (above approximately 1 MeV) in copper samples from Hiroshima encompassed distances from approximately 380 to 5062 m from the hypocenter (the point on the ground directly under the bomb). They included the region of interest to survivor studies (approximately 900 to 1500 m) and provided the first direct validation of fast neutrons in that range. However, a significant measurement gap remained between the hypocenter and 380 m. Measurements close to the hypocenter are important as a high-value anchor for the slope of the curve for neutron activation as a function of distance. Here we report measurements of (63)Ni in copper samples from the historic Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Dome, which is located approximately 150 m from the hypocenter. These measurements extend the range of our previously published data for (63)Ni providing a more comprehensive and consistent A-bomb activation curve. The results are also in good agreement with calculations based on the current dosimetry system (DS02) and give further experimental support to the accuracy of this system that forms the basis for radiation risk estimates worldwide.
Microdosimetric single event spectrum in a human body simulated by an acrylic phantom has been me... more Microdosimetric single event spectrum in a human body simulated by an acrylic phantom has been measured for the clinical BNCT field at the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). The recoil particles resulting from the initial reaction and subsequent interactions, namely protons, electrons, alpha particles and carbon nuclei are identified in the microdosimetric spectrum. The relative contributions to the neutron dose from proton, alpha particles and carbon are estimated to be about 0.9, 0.07 and 0.3, respectively, four depths between 5 and 41 mm. We estimate that the dose averaged lineal energy, yD decreased with depth from 64 to 46 keV microm(-1). Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of this neutron field using a response function for the microdosimetric spectrum was estimated to decrease from 3.6 to 2.9 with increasing depth.
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Papers by M. Hoshi