Between May 2004, and August 2005, GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase I Cultural Resou... more Between May 2004, and August 2005, GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase I Cultural Resources Survey and Phase II National Register Site Evaluations on behalf of Dominion Cove Point LNG, L.P. (DCP) for the proposed TL-532 pipeline project in Calvert, Charles, and Prince George's Counties, Maryland. As part of the Cove Point Expansion Project, DCP proposes to construct a 36-inch pipeline, known as TL-532, from the existing Cove Point LNG Terminal in Calvert County, westward for approximately 48 miles to Marshall Hall Gate (an existing valve station), in Charles County. The project also includes construction of ancillary facilities (e.g. pipeyards and access roads). The APE for Phase I and II archeological investigations was defined as the 150- to 200-foot-wide ROW for the proposed TL-532 pipeline, along the preliminary corridor as well as proposed reroutes, alternates and changes. The APE for access roads consisted of a 60-foot-wide ROW for the length of each proposed roadway. The study area also included the footprint of two pipe storage yards. For architectural resources, the APE consisted of the 150- to 200-foot-wide corridor for the proposed pipeline and the 60-foot-wide corridor for each access road. GAi's Phase I survey of the project APE identified 46 new archeological sites, documented expanded site boundaries for 4 previously recorded sites, identified a new locus at one previously recorded site, and recorded 124 Isolated Finds and 29 architectural resources. The 51 total archeological sites include 32 prehistoric sites and 19 historic-period sites. The sample of 32 prehistoric archeological sites includes two previously identified sites (18Pr101 and 18Ch654) and 30 newly recorded sites. Components on sites with diagnostic artifacts range from Early Archaic through Late Woodland. The majority of these sites were identified in the western portion of the project, in the vicinity of Mattawoman Creek, an area with abundant toolstone resources consisting of cobble quartz and quartzite. The 19 remaining archeological sites consist of predominantly historic component occupations, ranging in age from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. The majority of these sites appear to reflect the agrarian land use history of the region, although one site (18Pr 729) constitutes and historic industrial brick manufacturing complex. The 109 Isolated Finds consist of 56 prehistoric, 49 historic and 4 prehistoric/historic. At the request of DCP, GAi conducted Phase II testing at 19 of the potentially eligible archeological sites identified during Phase I survey that could not be avoided by project redesign (16 prehistoric sites and 3 historic sites). Based on the results of this study, GAi recommends that three archeological sites--18Cv151, 18Pr727, and 18Ch654-- are eligible to the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Site 18Cv151 is a mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth-century domestic site, previously recorded by Steponaitis (1983) and Gibb (1992). GAi's survey and testing showed that this site extended into the ROW and contains domestic artifacts and features rendering it NRHP-eligible. Site 18Pr727 is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site; Area C of this site contains a discrete Early Archaic (8000-6000 B.C.) occupation locus; based on the information potential of this site subarea, GAi recommends Site 18Pr727 as eligible to the NRHP. Finally, Site 18Ch654 (the Phillip's Meadow Site) is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site (Child et al. 1997; Mock et al. 2000) that has been previously determined to be NRHP eligible under Criterion D. GAi's Phase I investigations within the project APE documented that this site extends south from the previously mapped site boundary into the project ROW and cannot be avoided. Based on the recommendation of NRHP eligibility for Sites 18Cv151 and 18Pr727, and the previously determined NRHP-eligible status of 18Ch654, GAi recommends for each of these sites that DCP either avoid impacts during project construction or perform Phase Ill data recovery excavations to resolve adverse effects from project development. Eight other identified sites are recommended as potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. These include six prehistoric sites (18Cv449, 18Cv466, 18Cv467, 18Cv451, 18Pr721, and 18Ch749) and two historic sites (18Cv454 and 18Pr729). Finally, 39 sites (24 prehistoric and 15 historic) are recommended as Not Eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these sites. Consequently, GAi recommends that no further archeological studies be conducted at these sites. One historic site, 18Cv456, was determined to lie outside the project ROW; accordingly proposed project development will result in "No Effect" at this location. GAi's architectural investigations documented 29 resources over 50 years of age. One additional resource, Morgan's Fresh (CT-61 ), an example of eighteenth-century Colonial domestic architecture, is a National Register-listed property. Because proposed project impacts will result in "No Effect" to Morgan's Fresh (Jonathan Sager (MHT), personal communication 2005), no work is recommended at this location. Three properties [Oakland Hall (CT-139)/Sedwick Family Cemetery, Woodville School/Knights of St. John's Hall (PG-87B-34 ), and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad (CH-810)] are recommended as National Register-eligible. Oakland Hall is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A, B, and C, while the Woodville School/Knights of St. John's Hall and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad are both recommended eligible under Criterion A. Because proposed project construction will result in "No Effect" to these properties, GAi recommends no further investigations of these localities. Twenty-six architectural resources are recommended as Not Eligible to the NRHP. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these properties. Consequently, GAi recommends no further investigations at these locations.
An archaeological assessment and data recovery investigation was undertaken on Gallatin Sawmill s... more An archaeological assessment and data recovery investigation was undertaken on Gallatin Sawmill site (36 Fa 428) located in Georges Creek, Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The work was undertaken for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh District, as a result of potential impact to the site from the rise in water levels at this locale due to the construction of a new lock and dam on the Monongahela River at Grays Landing. The purpose of this investigation was to mitigate the adverse effects this project may have on the Gallatin Sawmill through data recovery. The fieldwork was conducted from October 24, 1995, to November 29, 1995. The investigation included archaeological and geomorphological fieldwork and documentary research. The sawmill was associated with Albert Gallatin, a leading political figure during the early nineteenth century. The sawmill was built ca. 1807 during Gallatin's ownership of the property. The sawmill and adjacent timber crib dam were constructed of large timbers, some of which are hewn while others are nearly unmodified. The timber frame of the mill and dam was constructed of mortises, tenons, and pegs. The dam and mill foundations show some deviation from standard construction methods of that time. Approximately 7 m of the dam on the south side of Georges Creek was examined. The sawmill's foundation remains measured approximately 20 m north-south by 7 m to 15 m east-west. The mill foundation was divided into an old and a new mill section with the old section abutting the dam. The old section appeared to use a vertical waterwheel (flutter wheel) to power a sash saw. The old mill was modified to create a wing wall on the eastern side, possibly to lessen the pressure the mill pond exerted against that wall of this mill. The new mill section was added ca. 1845. The new mill section utilized two turbines to power the sash saw although cut marks on two pieces of wood scraps may indicate that a circular saw was used during the final days of mill operation. The construction methods and location of the mill afforded little protection against flood and ice damage from both Georges Creek and the Monongahela River. Documentary research indicated that repairs to the sawmill were commonplace. The construction of "old" Lock and Dam 7 in 1883 resulted in a water level of 234.5 m (769.2 ft), which was above the foundation of the sawmill. However, archival research indicates that mill operation ceased sometime between 1872 and 1882. Geomorphological research indicates rapid alluvial deposition in this portion of the Georges Creek stream valley. Between ca. 1883 and ca. 1930 the site was covered by nearly 4 m of alluvial deposits. Geographic variables influencing mill seat locations were examined for mills along Georges Creek. Identifying the rapid deposition of alluvial deposits on the lower reaches of streams which were a result of the construction of locks and dams on the Monongahela River and the information regarding geographic attributes of good mill seats can be useful in other archaeological investigations in the region.
Maryland Geological Survey, Division of Archeology, 1986
Preliminary archeologica1 reconnaissance of Maryland Route 100 Alternates 2, 3, 4 and related con... more Preliminary archeologica1 reconnaissance of Maryland Route 100 Alternates 2, 3, 4 and related construction designed to link Maryland Route 3 to U.S. Route 1, a distance of circa 7.5 miles (12 km), identified 24 archeological sites in 30 miles ( 48 km) of proposed roads. Much of the area had been disturbed by mineral extraction operations and industrial parks. Of the 24 archeological sites identified, six sites are of potential National Register significance. Two prehistoric lithic workshops (18AN579, 18AN582) of potential significance are near each other in the same topographic setting and both will be impacted by Alternates 2 and 3. It is recommended that one of these sites, preferably 18AN579 which has better site integrity, be tested if the sites cannot be avoided. One historic site, 18AN596, also threatened by Alternates 2 and 3 is recommended for additional study if subject to impact. Three potentially significant prehistoric sites (18AN29A, 18AN352, 18AN580) are located outside the right-of-way of Alternates 2, 3, and 4 and should be protected from secondary impact. Several high probability areas could not be examined and are recommended for reconnaissance if subject to impact.
GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase II National Register Evaluation of the Glenda's Yar... more GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase II National Register Evaluation of the Glenda's Yard Site (18Fr984}, a historic period farmstead site. The site had been identified previously during the course of a Phase I cultural resources survey of the proposed Area of Potential Effects (APE) associated with the construction of the Kemptown Substation, a component of the Potomac-Appalachian Transmission Highline (PATH) Project in Frederick County, Maryland (Miller 2009). The decision to evaluate the site's eligibility was arrived at after consultation with the Maryland Historical Trust (MHT). The PA TH project will involve construction of a new substation and related facilities 1.36 kilometers (0.85 miles) south of Bush Creek, west of Bartholows Road. The Phase II study was conducted under contract to Kenny Construction Company (KCC) of Northbrook, Illinois. Site 18Fr984 is located in an area of rolling cultivated uplands within the Monocacy Drainage (Unit 17 of the Maryland Archaeological Research Units). Based on the Phase I survey, Site 18Fr984 had been determined to consist of low-density domestic deposits associated with a farm that had been continuously occupied since the mid nineteenth century. The mid-nineteenth-century house, destroyed by fire ca. 1960, had been replaced by a modular home. The 2.48 acres (1.0 hectare) site included the former location of the original house, the remnant foundations of a hog pen and an icehouse, and seven standing structures: three barns, a granary, a shed, a chicken coop, and a springhouse. The Phase I survey yielded 474 historic artifacts. Although the above-ground architectural resources of the site (F-5-152) had been recommended ineligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criteria A, B, and C, the archaeological resources were believed to be potentially eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D. The Phase II study included site-specific archival research, fieldwork, and laboratory analysis. Phase II fieldwork, performed during December 2009, consisted of close-interval shovel testing and test unit excavations. GAi's archaeological fieldwork included excavation of 81 shovel test pits (STPs) and eight test units (TUs) within and immediately proximate to the boundaries of the site, and the recovery of 2,883 artifacts. The results of the Phase II investigations redefined the boundary of Site 18Fr084 as a 1.36 acre (0.55 hectare) area encompassing the domestic structures and outbuildings associated with the farmstead. Based on the results of the Phase 1/11 investigations, Site 18Fr984 represents the location of a former historic period farmstead. The site includes a relatively diffuse mid-nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter and a coal ash dump with associated artifacts attributable to the first half of the twentieth century. Modern ground disturbances have significantly compromised integrity in parts of the site, and that part which appears to retain the most integrity appears to contain only a low density of artifacts. The results of completed archaeological investigations indicated that the integrity of this site is poor. Due to the site's reduced integrity, GAi concludes that it has a low potential to contribute important information on the historic use of this area. GAi recommends that Site 18Fr984 is Not Eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion D. No further archaeological investigations are recommended for Site 18Fr984.
Port Authority of Allegheny County (PAAC) is constructing the North Shore Connector Project, a 1.... more Port Authority of Allegheny County (PAAC) is constructing the North Shore Connector Project, a 1.2-mile extension of its light rail transit (LRT) system in the City of Pittsburgh's Golden Triangle and North Shore areas in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The LRT alignment will extend from the existing Gateway Center Station, under Stanwix Street and the Allegheny River to its western terminus near the Carnegie Science Center, encompassing approximately 6.09 hectares. GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi), under contract to North Shore Constructors, conducted the Phase 1/11 archaeological investigations. The project is being conducted by the Port Authority of Allegheny County with funding from the Federal Transit Administration and state and local sources. This archaeological survey was conducted in accordance with appropriate state and federal legislation. In 2002, a Programmatic Memorandum of Agreement (PMOA) was signed by the FTA, Port Authority, and the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) stipulating that a Phase I archaeological study be completed for the project and if necessary, Phase II and Ill archaeological fieldwork. Based on the results of a Phase IA study and per agreement between the FTA, Port Authority, SHPO, Obayashi/Trumbull JV, and GAi, Phase IB archaeological subsurface testing was limited to the North Side segment (vicinity of PNC Park, the SEA Parking Garage, and the Heinz Field parking lot). Excavation was completed with the investigation of eight mechanical trenches and five hand-excavated units. Three sites (36AL538, 36AL539, and 36AL540) were identified during the Phase 1B study of the new LRT line and another site (36AL545) was discovered during excavation of the Launch Pit. Phase II evaluation was undertaken on Sites 36AL538 and 36AL545. Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 each consist of twentieth-century foundations with no associated (intact) yard midden or shaft features. The foundation interiors did not contain intact floors or associated cultural deposits, and were exposed within redeposited fill debris. Therefore, Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 lack the potential to contribute significant information towards our understanding of the history of this area and do not meet the minimum criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for these sites. Site 36AL538 consists of two stacked (vertically separated) foundation remains, representing two distinct building episodes (mid- to late- nineteenth century and mid-twentieth century), within Trench 7 of the Heinz Field Parking Lot. The foundations were separated by primarily fill and demolition debris. The lower foundation, identified at a depth of between 6.5 ft to 12 ft below ground surface, contained a mortared, dressed, sandstone foundation wall, a brick paved area, and a stone and brick concentration believed to be associated with a mid- to late-nineteenth-century residential structure. This nineteenth-century occupation was disturbed by construction associated with the mid-twentieth century commercial structure overlying these remains. The relatively undisturbed portion of the site, within the project area, was sampled through a series of test units as part of a Phase II National Register evaluation. While the site within the project area possesses moderate integrity, it does not contain discrete, temporally-diagnostic deposits or deep shaft features precluding the ability to address broader research questions. Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL538 within the project area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for Site 36AL538. Site 36AL545 is a privy and foundation walls (Features 38 and 39) encountered during monitoring along the western edge of Launch Pit excavations at a depth of approximately 16-22 ft below existing ground surface. Associated with a late-nineteenth to early-twentieth-century occupation, the surrounding soils consist of fill deposits. Features 38 and 39 are likely associated with a tenant structure housing widows and unskilled to semi-skilled workers, dating ca. 1872-1925. No other features were identified within the project area. The portion of Site 36AL545 within the project area possesses moderate to poor integrity. Historical research determined that there were multiple occupants in the house over time and it was not possible to link artifacts with specific tenant occupations, thereby diminishing the significance of the archaeological remains. Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. As a result, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are warranted for Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit excavation area.
The Wager Farmstead (36 Mg 307) is located in Montgomery Township, just south of Montgomery Squar... more The Wager Farmstead (36 Mg 307) is located in Montgomery Township, just south of Montgomery Square, in Montgomery County. In 1997, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation, reviewed plans for the Montgomery Square Development which would impact this cultural resource. Until recently, the farmstead consisted of two residences, a tenant house, and numerous outbuildings. A small portion of the site was excavated by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Historic Preservation, Commonwealth Archaeology Projects (CAP) crew in November 1997. The CAP work identified an intact midden and 12 features. In February 1999, ASC Group, Inc. (ASC) was contracted to complete the research, analysis, and report preparation for this work. Ronald C. Carlisle, Ph.D., of Brown Carlisle & Associates conducted the archival research for this study. There were 14,207 artifacts, nearly 1,000 bones, and nearly 900 shells examined. In addition, one fabric sample and one flotation sample were examined. Six artifacts were submitted to a conservation lab for processing. The archaeological data permit examination of several research topics including site chronology, socioeconomic status, changes in land-use patterns, and diet for this farmstead located in a rural setting but within the sphere of influence of nearby Philadelphia. The archaeological record is less successful at addressing research questions associated with ethnicity and health and are not useful in addressing most post-l 870s activities at the site. Therefore, this study was only partially successful at examining changes at the site during the historic occupation period. The results of the archaeological investigation and archival research does confirm the importance of the site for addressing some specific research topics and may contribute important baseline data for future work in the region.
Columbia Gas Transmission (Columbia) contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi), to conduct a Ph... more Columbia Gas Transmission (Columbia) contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi), to conduct a Phase I cultural resource survey of the proposed E-460 Pipeline Replacement Project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio, which involves the replacement of a 2081-m (6825-ft) section of the existing E-460 pipeline. The new pipeline will consist of a three-inch pipeline placed in a 3-ftdeep trench, with existing pipeline capped off and retired in-place. The pipeline will be centered on a new 20-foot permanent right-of-way (ROW) for the majority of the project alignment; during construction, Columbia will employ a 25-foot temporary construction easement (ROW) on either the north or south side of this permanent ROW. Fer a 694-foot section at the project's western segment, the proposed pipeline will be centered within a 50-foot ROW. A 100x100-foot staging area encompasses the project's western terminus. There are also two access roads, both of which lie on existing gravel roads. Access Road #1, located near the midpoint of the project, is 9500 feet (2896 meters) long. Access Road #2, which lies near the eastern terminus, extends 8000 feet (2438 m) in length. Columbia has no plans to improve the existing road templates that these proposed access roads will follow. For archaeological resources, the project's Area of Potential Effect (APE) is defined as all locations associated with the proposed undertaking where there will be disturbance of soils that have the potential to contain archaeological sites. The APE for the E-460 pipeline replacement section includes the E-460 Pipeline right-of-way and Access Roads 1 and 2. Acreage of the E-460 ROW measures 7.2 ac, while the combined acreage for the access roads is 10 ac, for a total of 17 .2 ac for the entire project APE. The goal of the Phase I cultural resources survey was to determine the presence or absence of significant cultural resources in areas that will be affected by the proposed project. Phase I survey included background research, landowner interviews, a geomorphic assessment for archaeological site potential, surface collecting and subsurface testing. This Phase I survey was completed to meet the requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). To accommodate property access, work was conducted in two episodes, October 2005 and January 2006. The background research indicated that there were no previously recorded archaeological sites or architectural resources in the project area. One locus was identified for possible historic archaeological site potential. The geomorphic field assessment revealed that much of the project corridor was disturbed or steeply sloping and had low-to-no potential for intact archaeological sites. Thirty-six STPs, including three radials, were excavated in the moderate potential areas during survey. One archaeological site and two isolated prehistoric finds were identified. Site 33Ho689 represents a very localized prehistoric activity area with a size of 1 m2. This site, found in the A horizon, consists of 7 lithic debitage related to tool manufacture or maintenance activities. No temporally diagnostic artifacts were recovered. This small undated scatter of lithic debitage cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that this site is not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D. Sites 33Ho690 and 33Ho691 are isolated prehistoric lithic surface collection finds, discovered on an existing farm lane road with imported gravels, making the original provenience of these two finds uncertain. These non-diagnostic lithic finds cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that these sites are not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D. Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-460 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
Columbia Gas Transmission contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi). to conduct a Phase I cultu... more Columbia Gas Transmission contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi). to conduct a Phase I cultural resource survey of the proposed E-2 Pipeline Replacement Project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio. Two sections of the pipeline will be replaced, and the old sections capped off and retired in place. The new pipeline will consist of a three- or four-inch line laid in a three to four foot deep trench placed about five feet from the existing line. The total right of way for the two sections, staging areas, and access roads encompass approximately 9.35 acres. There were no previously recorded archaeological sites or structures within the proposed project area.
The proposed project area was subjected to a Phase I survey in May-June 2005. The Phase I survey included background research, landowner interview, a geomorphology assessment for archaeological site potential, subsurface testing, and architectural survey. The background research identified the presence of one previously-recorded archaeological site adjacent to the project area, since destroyed by quarry-related activities. Also, the terminus of Section 1 of the proposed pipeline ROW abuts, but does not invade, the ROW for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed Hocking Valley Railroad.
Three archaeological sites and one historic structure complex were identified. Sites 33Ho686 and 33Ho688 represent isolated finds from disturbed contexts, each with a size of 1 m2. Both sites lack good integrity and as Isolated Finds, cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Site 33Ho687 is a 20th century site that lacks good integrity and has limited research potential and therefore is recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Two structure complexes (HOC-307-12 and HOC-308-12) were documented. The house at HOC-307-12 dates from circa 1910. Only two of the outbuildings are located within the project area and these date from circa 1930-1940. This structure complex is not associated with an important event, person, or architectural feature and does not appear to meet the minimum requirements for inclusion to the NRHP. The HOC-308-12 property does not have any structures within the right-of-way; however, the project area traverses part of the property. HOC-308-12 includes two outbuildings that historically served as commercial enterprises along Laurel Run Road. Since these two buildings retain integrity and maintain the ability to convey their historic functions, they are recommended NRHP-eligible under Criterion A. Therefore, GAi recommends that the NRHP boundary should encompass only those two buildings contributing to the significance of the property, which lies near, but outside the APE (and excludes the main house and remaining outbuildings).
Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological or architectural resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-2 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with context... more Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with contextual data and discussed in terms of cultural affiliation by county, physiographic province, Maryland Archeological Research Units, and research goals. Each dated archeological site is briefly described, and applicable methodology and reliability of radiocarbon dating is discussed. Areas and periods in Maryland where additional radiocarbon dates would be useful are noted.
Archaeological Services Consultants, Inc. was contracted by the Allegheny National Forest to cond... more Archaeological Services Consultants, Inc. was contracted by the Allegheny National Forest to conduct a three phase cultural survey of 175 acres around the Loleta Recreation Area in Millstone Township, Elk County Pennsylvania. These three phases include an cultural resource reconnaissance survey of the entire project area. Then, an archaeological assessment was undertaken of 13 loci identified during the reconnaissance within an area identified by the Allegheny National Forest in their Request For Proposal. Finally, a HABS/HAER level of documentation was to be undertaken on six structures built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The results of the reconnaissance survey identified one site, the Loleta Park site (36 El 105). The site had two components: an unidentified prehistoric component of five isolated lithic finds within the larger site which includes most of the former location of the saw mill town of Loleta. This historic component dates from 1898 to 1913. Within this large site 72 individual loci were identified. Some of these loci contained multiple resources. There was minimal post-depositional disturbances to most of the site except around the more developed portions of the recreation area. The reconnaissance identified portions of the domestic, public and commercial, and industrial features systems associated with the town . The area subjected to assessment activities included 13 loci: 2 industrial loci and 11 domestic loci. The two industrial loci identified a possible structure foundation (F.S. 9) and an industrial midden (F.S. 11). Both loci had good integrity despite being located within the more heavily disturbed portion of the site. The domestic loci included two possible outbuilding structure locations (F.S. 4A and F.S. 4B). Field Site 4A appeared to be related to the recent campground construction activities. Assessment of Field Site 4B conferred that this site included an outbuilding location. The assessment of three loci within a large domestic scatter (F.S. 15A, F.S. 15B, and F.S. 15C) resulted in the identification of four diffuse trash scatter loci and a possible structure location. Four of the assessment loci had a cellar hole (F.S. 101, F.S. 107, F.S. 108A, and F.S. 108B). Two of the assessment loci (F.S. 23 and F.S. 57) had a partially intact foundation remnant. Field Sites 57 and 108B were extensively disturbed and appeared to lack good integrity. The remaining loci had good integrity . The field survey indicated two buildings and five structures built by the CCC's. The National Park Service required the recordation of both dams and the treatment of them as two separate structures for HABS/HAER. The HABS/HAER documentation of the two buildings and five structures revealed that these resources still conveyed the look and feel of the rustic architecture style that characterized the CCC works. Some of these resources have been repaired. Natural factors such as insect infestation, erosion, and frost heave have resulted in a serious threat to the wood built resources. The upper and lower dam appear to have few alterations from the original CCC works. The historic archaeological component of the Loleta Park site (36 El 105) and the seven CCC built constructions may be eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C. In addition, the archaeological component may also be eligible under Criterion D. The prehistoric component of 36 El 105 does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. It is recommended that the Allegheny National Forest protect this district from any further disturbances. If that is not possible, then additional measures may be required .
PPL Gas Utilities (PPL) contracted with GAI Consultants, Inc. (GAI) to conduct a Phase I cultural... more PPL Gas Utilities (PPL) contracted with GAI Consultants, Inc. (GAI) to conduct a Phase I cultural resources study for Option 1-a new 8-inch-diameter gas pipeline to the First Quality (FQ) 1.25 million sq. ft. diaper factory under construction in Granville Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. The project area measures approximately 2124.5m long x 18.3m wide (6,970 feet long x 60 feet wide) for a total project area of 3.9 hectares (9.6 acres). Located on the north and south sides of the Juniata River, the project area includes uplands, floodplains, terraces, and stream valleys. The project requires a Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection permit; therefore, the cultural resource survey was conducted to meet federal and state guidelines. The goal of the survey was to identify cultural resources within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) and make preliminary recommendations regarding their National Register eligibility. In addition, the study defined the approximate boundaries of identified archaeological sites in the APE, developed preliminary assessments of the significance of cultural resources, and recorded the resources on PHRS and PASS forms. The work was undertaken between February and April 2008. GAI's Phase I cultural resources survey included background research, geomorphology assessment for site potential, subsurface testing in areas with moderate- to high- potential for archaeological sites, and recordation of historic structures in the APE. Background research indicated a potential for historic and prehistoric archaeological sites and structures within the project vicinity. Phase IA survey (conducted by a geomorphologist and field archaeologist) consisted of a walkover of the project corridor that identified areas of low to no archaeological potential, areas where directional drilling would avoid impacts to sites, and six areas (Areas A-F) with moderate to high archaeological potential where GAI conducted Phase IB subsurface testing. The architectural survey addressed structures in or adjacent to the project corridor. A total of 70 STPs and one 1x1-m test unit were excavated in the APE. One prehistoric archaeological site (36Mi115) and one prehistoric isolated find were identified in Area F. The isolated projectile point found on the ground surface does not possess the potential to add significant information to our understanding of the history of the region. No additional work is recommended for the isolated find. Site 36MI115 was identified as a Late Archaic camp site, measuring approximately 45 m (148 feet) long and extending beyond the 18 m (60 feet) wide project corridor. Additional work was recommended to evaluate Site 36MI115 for its potential for listing to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). However, based on consultation with PPL and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau of Historic Preservation (PHMC-BHP), it was determined that PPL would avoid impact to Site 36MI115 by leaving a 50 ft construction buffer around site and by using horizontal directional drilling to place the pipeline 15 ft beneath the ground surface, and below any cultural deposits of Site 36Mi115. The architectural survey identified three historic resources: a farm at 125 Round House Road, the Norfolk Southern Railway/Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division. The farm is recommended eligible for listing to the NRHP under Criteria A and C at the local level. The Pennsylvania Railroad is already listed in the NRHP. The Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division, appears to be disturbed within the APE and no longer conveys its historic function and character; we recommend that this section is not eligible for listing to the NRHP. All three of these resources will be avoided by using a horizontal directional drill to avoid impacts by placing the pipeline underground and beneath the resources. Since horizontal directional drilling 15 feet beneath the identified cultural resources will avoid impact to the potentially significant resources, GAI recommends that the project be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional cultural resource investigations.
GAI Consultants, Inc. conducted additional Phase I archaeological survey for seven loci (Study Ar... more GAI Consultants, Inc. conducted additional Phase I archaeological survey for seven loci (Study Areas 81 through 87) for the proposed Low Pressure East (LPE) Pipeline Upgrade Project (formerly referred to as the H-129 Pipeline Project), located in Allegheny and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania on behalf of Equitrans, L.P. between September 24 and October 1, 2012. The archaeological survey for Study Areas 81 through 87, detailed in this Addendum 2 Report, was conducted in partial fulfillment of permitting requirements for Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. These seven study areas, totaling 1.10 ha (2.74 ac), fall within one Allegheny County municipality (Forward Township) and four Washington County municipalities (Carroll Township, Fallowfield Township, West Pike Run Township, and Centerville Borough). Background research did not identify any previously recorded cultural resources within or close to the seven new Study Areas (Study Areas 81 through 87) covered in this Addendum 2 Report. No aboveground facilities are proposed for the Project area, and as such, the Project will have no viewshed impacts on architectural or historical resources. Phase I field investigations detailed in this Addendum 2 Report cover seven locations (extra work spaces, pipeline segments, and access roads) not covered by the original Phase I H-129 pipeline archaeological survey or the LPE Pipeline Upgrade Addendum 1 archaeological survey reports. GAI conducted a systematic reconnaissance inspection of the seven new study areas. Soil auger probes were placed in Study Area 84 to confirm the presence of disturbed soil stratigraphy. Due to the presence of steep slopes and/or previous ground disturbances, Study Areas 81 through 87 were concluded to maintain low to no potential for archaeological materials and were excluded from shovel test pit excavations. One additional location (formerly Study Area 80) was surveyed but eliminated from consideration as an extra workspace after a prehistoric archaeological site was identified during subsurface testing. Equitrans, L.P. decided to exclude this location from the current project designs, so the site will be outside of the Area of Potential Effect. Based on negative results, GAI recommends that the proposed Project proceed according to current design and without further cultural resources investigations. If design plans change to incorporate additional areas not addressed in the current study, additional cultural resources investigations may be required, in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission guidelines.
On behalf of Dominion Transmission, Inc., GAI conducted a Phase II archaeological assessment of S... more On behalf of Dominion Transmission, Inc., GAI conducted a Phase II archaeological assessment of Site 36Ju117 (Petersheim Site), located within the proposed 25-acre Perulack Compressor Station parcel, during December 2004 and January 2005. This work was undertaken as part of the Dominion Transmission, lnc.'s (DTI) Cove Point Expansion Project. The proposed Perulack Compressor Station is at the southern terminus (Lack Township, Juniata County) of the previously studied Cove Point Expansion PL-1 EXT 2 pipeline corridor. Phase II archaeological testing was recommended to: (1) determine the chronology and function of the site; (2) identify the site limits; (3) determine site integrity; (4) assess the site research potential; and (5) evaluate site significance as defined by National Register of Historic Places eligibility. The Petersheim Site was first identified on November 11, 2004, during GAi's previous Phase I survey. Site 36Ju117 (Petersheim Site) is a late-19th to mid-20th century domestic archaeological site. A review of historic maps and atlases indicates that the house was probably built before 1877 and was still occupied in 1936. Informant interviews indicated that the Colyer Family abandoned the house in the 1944 when they moved to another location. Site 36Ju117 measures 84m north/south by 54m east/west and includes the archaeological remains associated with a house, a barn, and an outbuilding. The house foundation was constructed of "dressed" dry-laid, local stone and built on a bench of a hillside. According to local informants, the house was constructed of logs. A total of 209 STPs, 11 units, and 9 backhoe trenches were excavated during the Phase II study. Two cultural features were identified and sampled: a burn pile and the (house cellar) builder's trench. Both of these features were sampled extensively. Excavations recovered 4,947 artifacts--few dating to the early to mid-19th century. Nearly half were recovered from a late-19th to 20th-century burn pile feature, similar to the date assigned to the builder's trench. Based on the above results, the Petersheim Site (36Ju117) does not have the potential to contribute significant information toward our understanding of 19th century farmsteads in this region, and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, GAi concludes that the project will have No Effect on significant cultural resources. It is recommended that the project design be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional archaeological investigations .
British Early Neolithic social group territories and social interaction among groups are examined... more British Early Neolithic social group territories and social interaction among groups are examined by applying both an Information Exchange Model and Social Interaction Model to three types of large monuments in a 100 x 100 km area in England and Wales. The Early Neolithic monuments used to identify social territories include earthen long barrows, chambered long cairns, and causewayed enclosures. The configuration of highly visible attributes within each monument type was used for a cluster analysis. In this statistical technique, the attributes are used to identify culturally generated patterns or styles. It was expected that each of these styles would have relatively homogeneous distributions since they carry messages concerning social group identity. The results of the analysis indicated that there were three styles of chambered long cairns, two styles of earthen long barrows, and one style of causewayed enclosures. Although there was some slight mixing of styles, it did appear that the earthen long barrows and chambered long cairns did reflect social territories. Only one style of causewayed enclosure exhibited spatial patterning. This may be a result of the function of causewayed enclosures as centers for many supra-local groups. Radiocarbon dates and ceramics associated with these monument sites were used to provide insights into the change in social territories during the Early Neolithic. Information on the organizational use of space was available for chambered long cairns and used with the Social Interaction model. These design elements exhibit more similarities to other monuments within the same style. These design elements also appear to reflect chronology more than social interaction. The results obtained from this study provided a more detailed picture of the dynamics of the changes in social territories during the Early Neolithic in Britain than those obtained from other models.
A Phase I/II archaeological investigation was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the City... more A Phase I/II archaeological investigation was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the City of Westminster for 18CR163 (Fenby Farm Lime Kiln and Quarry) which is located within City-owned property scheduled for development as a park. The archaeological fieldwork was undertaken from June 30 to August 18, 1997. Funding for the archeological investigation has been provided by a grant from the Maryland Historical Trust and matched by the City of Westminster in cash and in-kind support. The work conforms to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation (Federal Register 48(190):44, 716-742) and the Standards and Guidelines for Archeological Investigations in Maryland (Shaffer and Cole 1994). This lime works site was in operation by 1844 and continued until the first decade of the 20th century ( c.1907). No previous archaeological survey has been undertaken on this property. The project area measured approximately 89,250 sq. ft. or nearly 2 acres. Of this approximately 0.55 acres (200 ft. by 100 ft.) was located north of Tahoma Farm Road. The remaining area was situated within the quarry and received only limited archaeological investigations. The archaeological investigation was designed to accomplish specific research objectives. The archeological study at the Fenby Farm Quarry and Lime Kiln site utilized historical research and archeological fieldwork to meet the project goals. Background research provided information which enhanced the interpretation of this site. The fieldwork consisted of a visual inspection of the project area and excavation of shovel test pits, units, and features. The visual inspection documented landscape features and identified potential disturbed areas, which were confirmed with shovel test pit excavations. A total of 55 shovel test pits were excavated across the site on the site grid. In addition, 7 larger excavation units were excavated. As a result of this survey, 17 features were identified and documented including the three kilns. A total of 2,532 artifacts were recovered from the site as a result of this investigation. Based on this investigation this site may be eligible for listing on National Register of Historic Places under Criteria C and D. The site possesses good integrity. The archaeological investigation identified architectural remains that may embody important characteristics of period, type, or method of construction (Criterion C). This site also has the potential to provide significant information to enhance our understanding of the history of the region with regards to the Architecture and Economic research themes (Criterion D) as identified for Maryland (Maryland Historical Trust 1984).
Specific management needs were discussed. Of primary importance is the need to: 1) ensure that the design of the park development project on this unique and significant historic site be compatible with the historic and architectural qualities of this site and 2) incorporate the results of both the archaeological investigation and the background research in future interpretation and education programs. The City should ensure that any future work is consistent with the recommended approaches set forth in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Treatments of Historic Properties (36CFR Part 68). Additional fieldwork or preservation in place is recommended for intact areas around the kilns. Some stabilization work is recommended for in the near future for: 1) the kiln face where the wall bulges out, 2) the brick arches, and 3) the ground around the top of Feature 4 kiln. Stabilization may be necessary on the interior of Feature 3 kiln also. Due to the potential for injuries, it is recommended that the kilns be enclosed with a fence until the stabilization is completed and access to the openings to the kilns are restrict
In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for th... more In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the Frederick County Department of Public Works for proposed improvements for New Design Road and Bridge. The work was accomplished by conducting literature research, a visual inspection, surface collection, and subsurface testing for the project corridor. The purpose of the archaeological reconnaissance was to locate and, if possible, evaluate any sites for inclusion to the NRHP. The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor. As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register. The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717. Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.
Between May 2004, and August 2005, GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase I Cultural Resou... more Between May 2004, and August 2005, GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase I Cultural Resources Survey and Phase II National Register Site Evaluations on behalf of Dominion Cove Point LNG, L.P. (DCP) for the proposed TL-532 pipeline project in Calvert, Charles, and Prince George's Counties, Maryland. As part of the Cove Point Expansion Project, DCP proposes to construct a 36-inch pipeline, known as TL-532, from the existing Cove Point LNG Terminal in Calvert County, westward for approximately 48 miles to Marshall Hall Gate (an existing valve station), in Charles County. The project also includes construction of ancillary facilities (e.g. pipeyards and access roads). The APE for Phase I and II archeological investigations was defined as the 150- to 200-foot-wide ROW for the proposed TL-532 pipeline, along the preliminary corridor as well as proposed reroutes, alternates and changes. The APE for access roads consisted of a 60-foot-wide ROW for the length of each proposed roadway. The study area also included the footprint of two pipe storage yards. For architectural resources, the APE consisted of the 150- to 200-foot-wide corridor for the proposed pipeline and the 60-foot-wide corridor for each access road. GAi's Phase I survey of the project APE identified 46 new archeological sites, documented expanded site boundaries for 4 previously recorded sites, identified a new locus at one previously recorded site, and recorded 124 Isolated Finds and 29 architectural resources. The 51 total archeological sites include 32 prehistoric sites and 19 historic-period sites. The sample of 32 prehistoric archeological sites includes two previously identified sites (18Pr101 and 18Ch654) and 30 newly recorded sites. Components on sites with diagnostic artifacts range from Early Archaic through Late Woodland. The majority of these sites were identified in the western portion of the project, in the vicinity of Mattawoman Creek, an area with abundant toolstone resources consisting of cobble quartz and quartzite. The 19 remaining archeological sites consist of predominantly historic component occupations, ranging in age from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. The majority of these sites appear to reflect the agrarian land use history of the region, although one site (18Pr 729) constitutes and historic industrial brick manufacturing complex. The 109 Isolated Finds consist of 56 prehistoric, 49 historic and 4 prehistoric/historic. At the request of DCP, GAi conducted Phase II testing at 19 of the potentially eligible archeological sites identified during Phase I survey that could not be avoided by project redesign (16 prehistoric sites and 3 historic sites). Based on the results of this study, GAi recommends that three archeological sites--18Cv151, 18Pr727, and 18Ch654-- are eligible to the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Site 18Cv151 is a mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth-century domestic site, previously recorded by Steponaitis (1983) and Gibb (1992). GAi's survey and testing showed that this site extended into the ROW and contains domestic artifacts and features rendering it NRHP-eligible. Site 18Pr727 is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site; Area C of this site contains a discrete Early Archaic (8000-6000 B.C.) occupation locus; based on the information potential of this site subarea, GAi recommends Site 18Pr727 as eligible to the NRHP. Finally, Site 18Ch654 (the Phillip's Meadow Site) is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site (Child et al. 1997; Mock et al. 2000) that has been previously determined to be NRHP eligible under Criterion D. GAi's Phase I investigations within the project APE documented that this site extends south from the previously mapped site boundary into the project ROW and cannot be avoided. Based on the recommendation of NRHP eligibility for Sites 18Cv151 and 18Pr727, and the previously determined NRHP-eligible status of 18Ch654, GAi recommends for each of these sites that DCP either avoid impacts during project construction or perform Phase Ill data recovery excavations to resolve adverse effects from project development. Eight other identified sites are recommended as potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. These include six prehistoric sites (18Cv449, 18Cv466, 18Cv467, 18Cv451, 18Pr721, and 18Ch749) and two historic sites (18Cv454 and 18Pr729). Finally, 39 sites (24 prehistoric and 15 historic) are recommended as Not Eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these sites. Consequently, GAi recommends that no further archeological studies be conducted at these sites. One historic site, 18Cv456, was determined to lie outside the project ROW; accordingly proposed project development will result in "No Effect" at this location. GAi's architectural investigations documented 29 resources over 50 years of age. One additional resource, Morgan's Fresh (CT-61 ), an example of eighteenth-century Colonial domestic architecture, is a National Register-listed property. Because proposed project impacts will result in "No Effect" to Morgan's Fresh (Jonathan Sager (MHT), personal communication 2005), no work is recommended at this location. Three properties [Oakland Hall (CT-139)/Sedwick Family Cemetery, Woodville School/Knights of St. John's Hall (PG-87B-34 ), and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad (CH-810)] are recommended as National Register-eligible. Oakland Hall is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A, B, and C, while the Woodville School/Knights of St. John's Hall and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad are both recommended eligible under Criterion A. Because proposed project construction will result in "No Effect" to these properties, GAi recommends no further investigations of these localities. Twenty-six architectural resources are recommended as Not Eligible to the NRHP. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these properties. Consequently, GAi recommends no further investigations at these locations.
An archaeological assessment and data recovery investigation was undertaken on Gallatin Sawmill s... more An archaeological assessment and data recovery investigation was undertaken on Gallatin Sawmill site (36 Fa 428) located in Georges Creek, Springhill Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The work was undertaken for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh District, as a result of potential impact to the site from the rise in water levels at this locale due to the construction of a new lock and dam on the Monongahela River at Grays Landing. The purpose of this investigation was to mitigate the adverse effects this project may have on the Gallatin Sawmill through data recovery. The fieldwork was conducted from October 24, 1995, to November 29, 1995. The investigation included archaeological and geomorphological fieldwork and documentary research. The sawmill was associated with Albert Gallatin, a leading political figure during the early nineteenth century. The sawmill was built ca. 1807 during Gallatin's ownership of the property. The sawmill and adjacent timber crib dam were constructed of large timbers, some of which are hewn while others are nearly unmodified. The timber frame of the mill and dam was constructed of mortises, tenons, and pegs. The dam and mill foundations show some deviation from standard construction methods of that time. Approximately 7 m of the dam on the south side of Georges Creek was examined. The sawmill's foundation remains measured approximately 20 m north-south by 7 m to 15 m east-west. The mill foundation was divided into an old and a new mill section with the old section abutting the dam. The old section appeared to use a vertical waterwheel (flutter wheel) to power a sash saw. The old mill was modified to create a wing wall on the eastern side, possibly to lessen the pressure the mill pond exerted against that wall of this mill. The new mill section was added ca. 1845. The new mill section utilized two turbines to power the sash saw although cut marks on two pieces of wood scraps may indicate that a circular saw was used during the final days of mill operation. The construction methods and location of the mill afforded little protection against flood and ice damage from both Georges Creek and the Monongahela River. Documentary research indicated that repairs to the sawmill were commonplace. The construction of "old" Lock and Dam 7 in 1883 resulted in a water level of 234.5 m (769.2 ft), which was above the foundation of the sawmill. However, archival research indicates that mill operation ceased sometime between 1872 and 1882. Geomorphological research indicates rapid alluvial deposition in this portion of the Georges Creek stream valley. Between ca. 1883 and ca. 1930 the site was covered by nearly 4 m of alluvial deposits. Geographic variables influencing mill seat locations were examined for mills along Georges Creek. Identifying the rapid deposition of alluvial deposits on the lower reaches of streams which were a result of the construction of locks and dams on the Monongahela River and the information regarding geographic attributes of good mill seats can be useful in other archaeological investigations in the region.
Maryland Geological Survey, Division of Archeology, 1986
Preliminary archeologica1 reconnaissance of Maryland Route 100 Alternates 2, 3, 4 and related con... more Preliminary archeologica1 reconnaissance of Maryland Route 100 Alternates 2, 3, 4 and related construction designed to link Maryland Route 3 to U.S. Route 1, a distance of circa 7.5 miles (12 km), identified 24 archeological sites in 30 miles ( 48 km) of proposed roads. Much of the area had been disturbed by mineral extraction operations and industrial parks. Of the 24 archeological sites identified, six sites are of potential National Register significance. Two prehistoric lithic workshops (18AN579, 18AN582) of potential significance are near each other in the same topographic setting and both will be impacted by Alternates 2 and 3. It is recommended that one of these sites, preferably 18AN579 which has better site integrity, be tested if the sites cannot be avoided. One historic site, 18AN596, also threatened by Alternates 2 and 3 is recommended for additional study if subject to impact. Three potentially significant prehistoric sites (18AN29A, 18AN352, 18AN580) are located outside the right-of-way of Alternates 2, 3, and 4 and should be protected from secondary impact. Several high probability areas could not be examined and are recommended for reconnaissance if subject to impact.
GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase II National Register Evaluation of the Glenda's Yar... more GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi) conducted a Phase II National Register Evaluation of the Glenda's Yard Site (18Fr984}, a historic period farmstead site. The site had been identified previously during the course of a Phase I cultural resources survey of the proposed Area of Potential Effects (APE) associated with the construction of the Kemptown Substation, a component of the Potomac-Appalachian Transmission Highline (PATH) Project in Frederick County, Maryland (Miller 2009). The decision to evaluate the site's eligibility was arrived at after consultation with the Maryland Historical Trust (MHT). The PA TH project will involve construction of a new substation and related facilities 1.36 kilometers (0.85 miles) south of Bush Creek, west of Bartholows Road. The Phase II study was conducted under contract to Kenny Construction Company (KCC) of Northbrook, Illinois. Site 18Fr984 is located in an area of rolling cultivated uplands within the Monocacy Drainage (Unit 17 of the Maryland Archaeological Research Units). Based on the Phase I survey, Site 18Fr984 had been determined to consist of low-density domestic deposits associated with a farm that had been continuously occupied since the mid nineteenth century. The mid-nineteenth-century house, destroyed by fire ca. 1960, had been replaced by a modular home. The 2.48 acres (1.0 hectare) site included the former location of the original house, the remnant foundations of a hog pen and an icehouse, and seven standing structures: three barns, a granary, a shed, a chicken coop, and a springhouse. The Phase I survey yielded 474 historic artifacts. Although the above-ground architectural resources of the site (F-5-152) had been recommended ineligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criteria A, B, and C, the archaeological resources were believed to be potentially eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D. The Phase II study included site-specific archival research, fieldwork, and laboratory analysis. Phase II fieldwork, performed during December 2009, consisted of close-interval shovel testing and test unit excavations. GAi's archaeological fieldwork included excavation of 81 shovel test pits (STPs) and eight test units (TUs) within and immediately proximate to the boundaries of the site, and the recovery of 2,883 artifacts. The results of the Phase II investigations redefined the boundary of Site 18Fr084 as a 1.36 acre (0.55 hectare) area encompassing the domestic structures and outbuildings associated with the farmstead. Based on the results of the Phase 1/11 investigations, Site 18Fr984 represents the location of a former historic period farmstead. The site includes a relatively diffuse mid-nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter and a coal ash dump with associated artifacts attributable to the first half of the twentieth century. Modern ground disturbances have significantly compromised integrity in parts of the site, and that part which appears to retain the most integrity appears to contain only a low density of artifacts. The results of completed archaeological investigations indicated that the integrity of this site is poor. Due to the site's reduced integrity, GAi concludes that it has a low potential to contribute important information on the historic use of this area. GAi recommends that Site 18Fr984 is Not Eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion D. No further archaeological investigations are recommended for Site 18Fr984.
Port Authority of Allegheny County (PAAC) is constructing the North Shore Connector Project, a 1.... more Port Authority of Allegheny County (PAAC) is constructing the North Shore Connector Project, a 1.2-mile extension of its light rail transit (LRT) system in the City of Pittsburgh's Golden Triangle and North Shore areas in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The LRT alignment will extend from the existing Gateway Center Station, under Stanwix Street and the Allegheny River to its western terminus near the Carnegie Science Center, encompassing approximately 6.09 hectares. GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi), under contract to North Shore Constructors, conducted the Phase 1/11 archaeological investigations. The project is being conducted by the Port Authority of Allegheny County with funding from the Federal Transit Administration and state and local sources. This archaeological survey was conducted in accordance with appropriate state and federal legislation. In 2002, a Programmatic Memorandum of Agreement (PMOA) was signed by the FTA, Port Authority, and the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) stipulating that a Phase I archaeological study be completed for the project and if necessary, Phase II and Ill archaeological fieldwork. Based on the results of a Phase IA study and per agreement between the FTA, Port Authority, SHPO, Obayashi/Trumbull JV, and GAi, Phase IB archaeological subsurface testing was limited to the North Side segment (vicinity of PNC Park, the SEA Parking Garage, and the Heinz Field parking lot). Excavation was completed with the investigation of eight mechanical trenches and five hand-excavated units. Three sites (36AL538, 36AL539, and 36AL540) were identified during the Phase 1B study of the new LRT line and another site (36AL545) was discovered during excavation of the Launch Pit. Phase II evaluation was undertaken on Sites 36AL538 and 36AL545. Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 each consist of twentieth-century foundations with no associated (intact) yard midden or shaft features. The foundation interiors did not contain intact floors or associated cultural deposits, and were exposed within redeposited fill debris. Therefore, Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 lack the potential to contribute significant information towards our understanding of the history of this area and do not meet the minimum criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for these sites. Site 36AL538 consists of two stacked (vertically separated) foundation remains, representing two distinct building episodes (mid- to late- nineteenth century and mid-twentieth century), within Trench 7 of the Heinz Field Parking Lot. The foundations were separated by primarily fill and demolition debris. The lower foundation, identified at a depth of between 6.5 ft to 12 ft below ground surface, contained a mortared, dressed, sandstone foundation wall, a brick paved area, and a stone and brick concentration believed to be associated with a mid- to late-nineteenth-century residential structure. This nineteenth-century occupation was disturbed by construction associated with the mid-twentieth century commercial structure overlying these remains. The relatively undisturbed portion of the site, within the project area, was sampled through a series of test units as part of a Phase II National Register evaluation. While the site within the project area possesses moderate integrity, it does not contain discrete, temporally-diagnostic deposits or deep shaft features precluding the ability to address broader research questions. Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL538 within the project area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for Site 36AL538. Site 36AL545 is a privy and foundation walls (Features 38 and 39) encountered during monitoring along the western edge of Launch Pit excavations at a depth of approximately 16-22 ft below existing ground surface. Associated with a late-nineteenth to early-twentieth-century occupation, the surrounding soils consist of fill deposits. Features 38 and 39 are likely associated with a tenant structure housing widows and unskilled to semi-skilled workers, dating ca. 1872-1925. No other features were identified within the project area. The portion of Site 36AL545 within the project area possesses moderate to poor integrity. Historical research determined that there were multiple occupants in the house over time and it was not possible to link artifacts with specific tenant occupations, thereby diminishing the significance of the archaeological remains. Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. As a result, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are warranted for Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit excavation area.
The Wager Farmstead (36 Mg 307) is located in Montgomery Township, just south of Montgomery Squar... more The Wager Farmstead (36 Mg 307) is located in Montgomery Township, just south of Montgomery Square, in Montgomery County. In 1997, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau for Historic Preservation, reviewed plans for the Montgomery Square Development which would impact this cultural resource. Until recently, the farmstead consisted of two residences, a tenant house, and numerous outbuildings. A small portion of the site was excavated by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Historic Preservation, Commonwealth Archaeology Projects (CAP) crew in November 1997. The CAP work identified an intact midden and 12 features. In February 1999, ASC Group, Inc. (ASC) was contracted to complete the research, analysis, and report preparation for this work. Ronald C. Carlisle, Ph.D., of Brown Carlisle & Associates conducted the archival research for this study. There were 14,207 artifacts, nearly 1,000 bones, and nearly 900 shells examined. In addition, one fabric sample and one flotation sample were examined. Six artifacts were submitted to a conservation lab for processing. The archaeological data permit examination of several research topics including site chronology, socioeconomic status, changes in land-use patterns, and diet for this farmstead located in a rural setting but within the sphere of influence of nearby Philadelphia. The archaeological record is less successful at addressing research questions associated with ethnicity and health and are not useful in addressing most post-l 870s activities at the site. Therefore, this study was only partially successful at examining changes at the site during the historic occupation period. The results of the archaeological investigation and archival research does confirm the importance of the site for addressing some specific research topics and may contribute important baseline data for future work in the region.
Columbia Gas Transmission (Columbia) contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi), to conduct a Ph... more Columbia Gas Transmission (Columbia) contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi), to conduct a Phase I cultural resource survey of the proposed E-460 Pipeline Replacement Project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio, which involves the replacement of a 2081-m (6825-ft) section of the existing E-460 pipeline. The new pipeline will consist of a three-inch pipeline placed in a 3-ftdeep trench, with existing pipeline capped off and retired in-place. The pipeline will be centered on a new 20-foot permanent right-of-way (ROW) for the majority of the project alignment; during construction, Columbia will employ a 25-foot temporary construction easement (ROW) on either the north or south side of this permanent ROW. Fer a 694-foot section at the project's western segment, the proposed pipeline will be centered within a 50-foot ROW. A 100x100-foot staging area encompasses the project's western terminus. There are also two access roads, both of which lie on existing gravel roads. Access Road #1, located near the midpoint of the project, is 9500 feet (2896 meters) long. Access Road #2, which lies near the eastern terminus, extends 8000 feet (2438 m) in length. Columbia has no plans to improve the existing road templates that these proposed access roads will follow. For archaeological resources, the project's Area of Potential Effect (APE) is defined as all locations associated with the proposed undertaking where there will be disturbance of soils that have the potential to contain archaeological sites. The APE for the E-460 pipeline replacement section includes the E-460 Pipeline right-of-way and Access Roads 1 and 2. Acreage of the E-460 ROW measures 7.2 ac, while the combined acreage for the access roads is 10 ac, for a total of 17 .2 ac for the entire project APE. The goal of the Phase I cultural resources survey was to determine the presence or absence of significant cultural resources in areas that will be affected by the proposed project. Phase I survey included background research, landowner interviews, a geomorphic assessment for archaeological site potential, surface collecting and subsurface testing. This Phase I survey was completed to meet the requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). To accommodate property access, work was conducted in two episodes, October 2005 and January 2006. The background research indicated that there were no previously recorded archaeological sites or architectural resources in the project area. One locus was identified for possible historic archaeological site potential. The geomorphic field assessment revealed that much of the project corridor was disturbed or steeply sloping and had low-to-no potential for intact archaeological sites. Thirty-six STPs, including three radials, were excavated in the moderate potential areas during survey. One archaeological site and two isolated prehistoric finds were identified. Site 33Ho689 represents a very localized prehistoric activity area with a size of 1 m2. This site, found in the A horizon, consists of 7 lithic debitage related to tool manufacture or maintenance activities. No temporally diagnostic artifacts were recovered. This small undated scatter of lithic debitage cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that this site is not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D. Sites 33Ho690 and 33Ho691 are isolated prehistoric lithic surface collection finds, discovered on an existing farm lane road with imported gravels, making the original provenience of these two finds uncertain. These non-diagnostic lithic finds cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that these sites are not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D. Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-460 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
Columbia Gas Transmission contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi). to conduct a Phase I cultu... more Columbia Gas Transmission contracted with GAi Consultants, Inc. (GAi). to conduct a Phase I cultural resource survey of the proposed E-2 Pipeline Replacement Project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio. Two sections of the pipeline will be replaced, and the old sections capped off and retired in place. The new pipeline will consist of a three- or four-inch line laid in a three to four foot deep trench placed about five feet from the existing line. The total right of way for the two sections, staging areas, and access roads encompass approximately 9.35 acres. There were no previously recorded archaeological sites or structures within the proposed project area.
The proposed project area was subjected to a Phase I survey in May-June 2005. The Phase I survey included background research, landowner interview, a geomorphology assessment for archaeological site potential, subsurface testing, and architectural survey. The background research identified the presence of one previously-recorded archaeological site adjacent to the project area, since destroyed by quarry-related activities. Also, the terminus of Section 1 of the proposed pipeline ROW abuts, but does not invade, the ROW for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed Hocking Valley Railroad.
Three archaeological sites and one historic structure complex were identified. Sites 33Ho686 and 33Ho688 represent isolated finds from disturbed contexts, each with a size of 1 m2. Both sites lack good integrity and as Isolated Finds, cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Site 33Ho687 is a 20th century site that lacks good integrity and has limited research potential and therefore is recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Two structure complexes (HOC-307-12 and HOC-308-12) were documented. The house at HOC-307-12 dates from circa 1910. Only two of the outbuildings are located within the project area and these date from circa 1930-1940. This structure complex is not associated with an important event, person, or architectural feature and does not appear to meet the minimum requirements for inclusion to the NRHP. The HOC-308-12 property does not have any structures within the right-of-way; however, the project area traverses part of the property. HOC-308-12 includes two outbuildings that historically served as commercial enterprises along Laurel Run Road. Since these two buildings retain integrity and maintain the ability to convey their historic functions, they are recommended NRHP-eligible under Criterion A. Therefore, GAi recommends that the NRHP boundary should encompass only those two buildings contributing to the significance of the property, which lies near, but outside the APE (and excludes the main house and remaining outbuildings).
Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological or architectural resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-2 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with context... more Radiocarbon dates for 168 samples from 67 archeological sites in Maryland are listed with contextual data and discussed in terms of cultural affiliation by county, physiographic province, Maryland Archeological Research Units, and research goals. Each dated archeological site is briefly described, and applicable methodology and reliability of radiocarbon dating is discussed. Areas and periods in Maryland where additional radiocarbon dates would be useful are noted.
Archaeological Services Consultants, Inc. was contracted by the Allegheny National Forest to cond... more Archaeological Services Consultants, Inc. was contracted by the Allegheny National Forest to conduct a three phase cultural survey of 175 acres around the Loleta Recreation Area in Millstone Township, Elk County Pennsylvania. These three phases include an cultural resource reconnaissance survey of the entire project area. Then, an archaeological assessment was undertaken of 13 loci identified during the reconnaissance within an area identified by the Allegheny National Forest in their Request For Proposal. Finally, a HABS/HAER level of documentation was to be undertaken on six structures built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The results of the reconnaissance survey identified one site, the Loleta Park site (36 El 105). The site had two components: an unidentified prehistoric component of five isolated lithic finds within the larger site which includes most of the former location of the saw mill town of Loleta. This historic component dates from 1898 to 1913. Within this large site 72 individual loci were identified. Some of these loci contained multiple resources. There was minimal post-depositional disturbances to most of the site except around the more developed portions of the recreation area. The reconnaissance identified portions of the domestic, public and commercial, and industrial features systems associated with the town . The area subjected to assessment activities included 13 loci: 2 industrial loci and 11 domestic loci. The two industrial loci identified a possible structure foundation (F.S. 9) and an industrial midden (F.S. 11). Both loci had good integrity despite being located within the more heavily disturbed portion of the site. The domestic loci included two possible outbuilding structure locations (F.S. 4A and F.S. 4B). Field Site 4A appeared to be related to the recent campground construction activities. Assessment of Field Site 4B conferred that this site included an outbuilding location. The assessment of three loci within a large domestic scatter (F.S. 15A, F.S. 15B, and F.S. 15C) resulted in the identification of four diffuse trash scatter loci and a possible structure location. Four of the assessment loci had a cellar hole (F.S. 101, F.S. 107, F.S. 108A, and F.S. 108B). Two of the assessment loci (F.S. 23 and F.S. 57) had a partially intact foundation remnant. Field Sites 57 and 108B were extensively disturbed and appeared to lack good integrity. The remaining loci had good integrity . The field survey indicated two buildings and five structures built by the CCC's. The National Park Service required the recordation of both dams and the treatment of them as two separate structures for HABS/HAER. The HABS/HAER documentation of the two buildings and five structures revealed that these resources still conveyed the look and feel of the rustic architecture style that characterized the CCC works. Some of these resources have been repaired. Natural factors such as insect infestation, erosion, and frost heave have resulted in a serious threat to the wood built resources. The upper and lower dam appear to have few alterations from the original CCC works. The historic archaeological component of the Loleta Park site (36 El 105) and the seven CCC built constructions may be eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C. In addition, the archaeological component may also be eligible under Criterion D. The prehistoric component of 36 El 105 does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. It is recommended that the Allegheny National Forest protect this district from any further disturbances. If that is not possible, then additional measures may be required .
PPL Gas Utilities (PPL) contracted with GAI Consultants, Inc. (GAI) to conduct a Phase I cultural... more PPL Gas Utilities (PPL) contracted with GAI Consultants, Inc. (GAI) to conduct a Phase I cultural resources study for Option 1-a new 8-inch-diameter gas pipeline to the First Quality (FQ) 1.25 million sq. ft. diaper factory under construction in Granville Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. The project area measures approximately 2124.5m long x 18.3m wide (6,970 feet long x 60 feet wide) for a total project area of 3.9 hectares (9.6 acres). Located on the north and south sides of the Juniata River, the project area includes uplands, floodplains, terraces, and stream valleys. The project requires a Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection permit; therefore, the cultural resource survey was conducted to meet federal and state guidelines. The goal of the survey was to identify cultural resources within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) and make preliminary recommendations regarding their National Register eligibility. In addition, the study defined the approximate boundaries of identified archaeological sites in the APE, developed preliminary assessments of the significance of cultural resources, and recorded the resources on PHRS and PASS forms. The work was undertaken between February and April 2008. GAI's Phase I cultural resources survey included background research, geomorphology assessment for site potential, subsurface testing in areas with moderate- to high- potential for archaeological sites, and recordation of historic structures in the APE. Background research indicated a potential for historic and prehistoric archaeological sites and structures within the project vicinity. Phase IA survey (conducted by a geomorphologist and field archaeologist) consisted of a walkover of the project corridor that identified areas of low to no archaeological potential, areas where directional drilling would avoid impacts to sites, and six areas (Areas A-F) with moderate to high archaeological potential where GAI conducted Phase IB subsurface testing. The architectural survey addressed structures in or adjacent to the project corridor. A total of 70 STPs and one 1x1-m test unit were excavated in the APE. One prehistoric archaeological site (36Mi115) and one prehistoric isolated find were identified in Area F. The isolated projectile point found on the ground surface does not possess the potential to add significant information to our understanding of the history of the region. No additional work is recommended for the isolated find. Site 36MI115 was identified as a Late Archaic camp site, measuring approximately 45 m (148 feet) long and extending beyond the 18 m (60 feet) wide project corridor. Additional work was recommended to evaluate Site 36MI115 for its potential for listing to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). However, based on consultation with PPL and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau of Historic Preservation (PHMC-BHP), it was determined that PPL would avoid impact to Site 36MI115 by leaving a 50 ft construction buffer around site and by using horizontal directional drilling to place the pipeline 15 ft beneath the ground surface, and below any cultural deposits of Site 36Mi115. The architectural survey identified three historic resources: a farm at 125 Round House Road, the Norfolk Southern Railway/Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division. The farm is recommended eligible for listing to the NRHP under Criteria A and C at the local level. The Pennsylvania Railroad is already listed in the NRHP. The Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division, appears to be disturbed within the APE and no longer conveys its historic function and character; we recommend that this section is not eligible for listing to the NRHP. All three of these resources will be avoided by using a horizontal directional drill to avoid impacts by placing the pipeline underground and beneath the resources. Since horizontal directional drilling 15 feet beneath the identified cultural resources will avoid impact to the potentially significant resources, GAI recommends that the project be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional cultural resource investigations.
GAI Consultants, Inc. conducted additional Phase I archaeological survey for seven loci (Study Ar... more GAI Consultants, Inc. conducted additional Phase I archaeological survey for seven loci (Study Areas 81 through 87) for the proposed Low Pressure East (LPE) Pipeline Upgrade Project (formerly referred to as the H-129 Pipeline Project), located in Allegheny and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania on behalf of Equitrans, L.P. between September 24 and October 1, 2012. The archaeological survey for Study Areas 81 through 87, detailed in this Addendum 2 Report, was conducted in partial fulfillment of permitting requirements for Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. These seven study areas, totaling 1.10 ha (2.74 ac), fall within one Allegheny County municipality (Forward Township) and four Washington County municipalities (Carroll Township, Fallowfield Township, West Pike Run Township, and Centerville Borough). Background research did not identify any previously recorded cultural resources within or close to the seven new Study Areas (Study Areas 81 through 87) covered in this Addendum 2 Report. No aboveground facilities are proposed for the Project area, and as such, the Project will have no viewshed impacts on architectural or historical resources. Phase I field investigations detailed in this Addendum 2 Report cover seven locations (extra work spaces, pipeline segments, and access roads) not covered by the original Phase I H-129 pipeline archaeological survey or the LPE Pipeline Upgrade Addendum 1 archaeological survey reports. GAI conducted a systematic reconnaissance inspection of the seven new study areas. Soil auger probes were placed in Study Area 84 to confirm the presence of disturbed soil stratigraphy. Due to the presence of steep slopes and/or previous ground disturbances, Study Areas 81 through 87 were concluded to maintain low to no potential for archaeological materials and were excluded from shovel test pit excavations. One additional location (formerly Study Area 80) was surveyed but eliminated from consideration as an extra workspace after a prehistoric archaeological site was identified during subsurface testing. Equitrans, L.P. decided to exclude this location from the current project designs, so the site will be outside of the Area of Potential Effect. Based on negative results, GAI recommends that the proposed Project proceed according to current design and without further cultural resources investigations. If design plans change to incorporate additional areas not addressed in the current study, additional cultural resources investigations may be required, in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission guidelines.
On behalf of Dominion Transmission, Inc., GAI conducted a Phase II archaeological assessment of S... more On behalf of Dominion Transmission, Inc., GAI conducted a Phase II archaeological assessment of Site 36Ju117 (Petersheim Site), located within the proposed 25-acre Perulack Compressor Station parcel, during December 2004 and January 2005. This work was undertaken as part of the Dominion Transmission, lnc.'s (DTI) Cove Point Expansion Project. The proposed Perulack Compressor Station is at the southern terminus (Lack Township, Juniata County) of the previously studied Cove Point Expansion PL-1 EXT 2 pipeline corridor. Phase II archaeological testing was recommended to: (1) determine the chronology and function of the site; (2) identify the site limits; (3) determine site integrity; (4) assess the site research potential; and (5) evaluate site significance as defined by National Register of Historic Places eligibility. The Petersheim Site was first identified on November 11, 2004, during GAi's previous Phase I survey. Site 36Ju117 (Petersheim Site) is a late-19th to mid-20th century domestic archaeological site. A review of historic maps and atlases indicates that the house was probably built before 1877 and was still occupied in 1936. Informant interviews indicated that the Colyer Family abandoned the house in the 1944 when they moved to another location. Site 36Ju117 measures 84m north/south by 54m east/west and includes the archaeological remains associated with a house, a barn, and an outbuilding. The house foundation was constructed of "dressed" dry-laid, local stone and built on a bench of a hillside. According to local informants, the house was constructed of logs. A total of 209 STPs, 11 units, and 9 backhoe trenches were excavated during the Phase II study. Two cultural features were identified and sampled: a burn pile and the (house cellar) builder's trench. Both of these features were sampled extensively. Excavations recovered 4,947 artifacts--few dating to the early to mid-19th century. Nearly half were recovered from a late-19th to 20th-century burn pile feature, similar to the date assigned to the builder's trench. Based on the above results, the Petersheim Site (36Ju117) does not have the potential to contribute significant information toward our understanding of 19th century farmsteads in this region, and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, GAi concludes that the project will have No Effect on significant cultural resources. It is recommended that the project design be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional archaeological investigations .
British Early Neolithic social group territories and social interaction among groups are examined... more British Early Neolithic social group territories and social interaction among groups are examined by applying both an Information Exchange Model and Social Interaction Model to three types of large monuments in a 100 x 100 km area in England and Wales. The Early Neolithic monuments used to identify social territories include earthen long barrows, chambered long cairns, and causewayed enclosures. The configuration of highly visible attributes within each monument type was used for a cluster analysis. In this statistical technique, the attributes are used to identify culturally generated patterns or styles. It was expected that each of these styles would have relatively homogeneous distributions since they carry messages concerning social group identity. The results of the analysis indicated that there were three styles of chambered long cairns, two styles of earthen long barrows, and one style of causewayed enclosures. Although there was some slight mixing of styles, it did appear that the earthen long barrows and chambered long cairns did reflect social territories. Only one style of causewayed enclosure exhibited spatial patterning. This may be a result of the function of causewayed enclosures as centers for many supra-local groups. Radiocarbon dates and ceramics associated with these monument sites were used to provide insights into the change in social territories during the Early Neolithic. Information on the organizational use of space was available for chambered long cairns and used with the Social Interaction model. These design elements exhibit more similarities to other monuments within the same style. These design elements also appear to reflect chronology more than social interaction. The results obtained from this study provided a more detailed picture of the dynamics of the changes in social territories during the Early Neolithic in Britain than those obtained from other models.
A Phase I/II archaeological investigation was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the City... more A Phase I/II archaeological investigation was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the City of Westminster for 18CR163 (Fenby Farm Lime Kiln and Quarry) which is located within City-owned property scheduled for development as a park. The archaeological fieldwork was undertaken from June 30 to August 18, 1997. Funding for the archeological investigation has been provided by a grant from the Maryland Historical Trust and matched by the City of Westminster in cash and in-kind support. The work conforms to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation (Federal Register 48(190):44, 716-742) and the Standards and Guidelines for Archeological Investigations in Maryland (Shaffer and Cole 1994). This lime works site was in operation by 1844 and continued until the first decade of the 20th century ( c.1907). No previous archaeological survey has been undertaken on this property. The project area measured approximately 89,250 sq. ft. or nearly 2 acres. Of this approximately 0.55 acres (200 ft. by 100 ft.) was located north of Tahoma Farm Road. The remaining area was situated within the quarry and received only limited archaeological investigations. The archaeological investigation was designed to accomplish specific research objectives. The archeological study at the Fenby Farm Quarry and Lime Kiln site utilized historical research and archeological fieldwork to meet the project goals. Background research provided information which enhanced the interpretation of this site. The fieldwork consisted of a visual inspection of the project area and excavation of shovel test pits, units, and features. The visual inspection documented landscape features and identified potential disturbed areas, which were confirmed with shovel test pit excavations. A total of 55 shovel test pits were excavated across the site on the site grid. In addition, 7 larger excavation units were excavated. As a result of this survey, 17 features were identified and documented including the three kilns. A total of 2,532 artifacts were recovered from the site as a result of this investigation. Based on this investigation this site may be eligible for listing on National Register of Historic Places under Criteria C and D. The site possesses good integrity. The archaeological investigation identified architectural remains that may embody important characteristics of period, type, or method of construction (Criterion C). This site also has the potential to provide significant information to enhance our understanding of the history of the region with regards to the Architecture and Economic research themes (Criterion D) as identified for Maryland (Maryland Historical Trust 1984).
Specific management needs were discussed. Of primary importance is the need to: 1) ensure that the design of the park development project on this unique and significant historic site be compatible with the historic and architectural qualities of this site and 2) incorporate the results of both the archaeological investigation and the background research in future interpretation and education programs. The City should ensure that any future work is consistent with the recommended approaches set forth in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Treatments of Historic Properties (36CFR Part 68). Additional fieldwork or preservation in place is recommended for intact areas around the kilns. Some stabilization work is recommended for in the near future for: 1) the kiln face where the wall bulges out, 2) the brick arches, and 3) the ground around the top of Feature 4 kiln. Stabilization may be necessary on the interior of Feature 3 kiln also. Due to the potential for injuries, it is recommended that the kilns be enclosed with a fence until the stabilization is completed and access to the openings to the kilns are restrict
In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for th... more In August 1996, a Phase l archaeological survey was undertaken by Heritage Resources, Inc. for the Frederick County Department of Public Works for proposed improvements for New Design Road and Bridge. The work was accomplished by conducting literature research, a visual inspection, surface collection, and subsurface testing for the project corridor. The purpose of the archaeological reconnaissance was to locate and, if possible, evaluate any sites for inclusion to the NRHP. The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor. As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register. The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717. Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.
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The APE for Phase I and II archeological investigations was defined as the 150- to 200-foot-wide ROW for the proposed TL-532 pipeline, along the preliminary corridor as well as proposed reroutes, alternates and changes. The APE for access roads consisted of a 60-foot-wide ROW for the length of each proposed roadway. The study area also included the footprint of two pipe storage yards. For architectural resources, the APE consisted of the 150- to 200-foot-wide corridor for the proposed pipeline and the 60-foot-wide corridor for each access road.
GAi's Phase I survey of the project APE identified 46 new archeological sites, documented expanded site boundaries for 4 previously recorded sites, identified a new locus at one previously recorded site, and recorded 124 Isolated Finds and 29 architectural resources.
The 51 total archeological sites include 32 prehistoric sites and 19 historic-period sites. The sample of 32 prehistoric archeological sites includes two previously identified sites (18Pr101 and 18Ch654) and 30 newly recorded sites. Components on sites with diagnostic artifacts range from Early Archaic through Late Woodland. The majority of these sites were identified in the western portion of the project, in the vicinity of Mattawoman Creek, an area with abundant toolstone resources consisting of cobble quartz and quartzite. The 19 remaining archeological sites consist of predominantly historic component occupations, ranging in age from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. The majority of these sites appear to reflect the agrarian land use history of the region, although one site
(18Pr 729) constitutes and historic industrial brick manufacturing complex. The 109 Isolated Finds consist of 56 prehistoric, 49 historic and 4 prehistoric/historic.
At the request of DCP, GAi conducted Phase II testing at 19 of the potentially eligible archeological sites identified during Phase I survey that could not be avoided by project redesign (16 prehistoric sites and 3 historic sites).
Based on the results of this study, GAi recommends that three archeological sites--18Cv151, 18Pr727, and 18Ch654-- are eligible to the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Site 18Cv151 is a mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth-century domestic site, previously recorded by Steponaitis (1983) and Gibb (1992). GAi's survey and testing showed that this site extended into the ROW and contains domestic artifacts and features rendering it NRHP-eligible. Site 18Pr727 is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site; Area C of this site contains a discrete Early Archaic (8000-6000 B.C.) occupation locus; based on the information potential of this site subarea, GAi recommends Site 18Pr727 as eligible to the NRHP. Finally, Site 18Ch654 (the Phillip's Meadow Site) is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site (Child et al. 1997; Mock et al. 2000) that has been previously determined to be NRHP eligible under Criterion D. GAi's Phase I investigations within the project APE documented that this site extends south from the previously mapped site boundary into the project ROW and cannot be avoided. Based on the recommendation of NRHP eligibility for Sites 18Cv151 and 18Pr727, and the previously determined NRHP-eligible status of 18Ch654, GAi recommends for each of these sites that DCP either avoid impacts during project construction or perform Phase Ill data recovery excavations to resolve adverse effects from project development.
Eight other identified sites are recommended as potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. These include six prehistoric sites (18Cv449, 18Cv466, 18Cv467, 18Cv451, 18Pr721, and 18Ch749) and two historic sites (18Cv454 and 18Pr729). Finally, 39 sites (24 prehistoric and 15 historic) are recommended as Not Eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these sites. Consequently, GAi recommends that no further archeological studies be conducted at these sites. One historic site, 18Cv456, was determined to lie outside the project ROW; accordingly proposed project development will result in "No Effect" at this location.
GAi's architectural investigations documented 29 resources over 50 years of age. One additional resource, Morgan's Fresh (CT-61 ), an example of eighteenth-century Colonial domestic architecture, is a National Register-listed property. Because proposed project impacts will result in "No Effect" to Morgan's Fresh (Jonathan Sager (MHT), personal communication 2005), no work is recommended at this location. Three properties [Oakland Hall (CT-139)/Sedwick Family Cemetery, Woodville
School/Knights of St. John's Hall (PG-87B-34 ), and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad (CH-810)] are recommended as National Register-eligible. Oakland Hall is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A, B, and C, while the Woodville School/Knights of St. John's Hall and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad are both recommended eligible under Criterion A. Because proposed project construction will result in "No Effect" to these properties, GAi recommends no further investigations of these localities. Twenty-six architectural resources are recommended as Not Eligible to the NRHP. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these properties. Consequently, GAi recommends no further investigations at these locations.
The sawmill was associated with Albert Gallatin, a leading political figure during the early nineteenth century. The sawmill was built ca. 1807 during Gallatin's ownership of the property. The sawmill and adjacent timber crib dam were constructed of large timbers, some of which are hewn while others are nearly unmodified. The timber frame of the mill and dam was constructed of mortises, tenons, and pegs. The dam and mill foundations show some deviation from standard construction methods of that time.
Approximately 7 m of the dam on the south side of Georges Creek was examined. The sawmill's foundation remains measured approximately 20 m north-south by 7 m to 15 m east-west. The mill foundation was divided into an old and a new mill section with the old section abutting the dam. The old section appeared to use a vertical waterwheel (flutter wheel) to power a sash saw. The old mill was modified to create a wing wall on the eastern side, possibly to lessen the pressure the mill pond exerted against that wall of this mill.
The new mill section was added ca. 1845. The new mill section utilized two turbines to power the sash saw although cut marks on two pieces of wood scraps may indicate that a circular saw was used during the final days of mill operation.
The construction methods and location of the mill afforded little protection against flood and ice damage from both Georges Creek and the Monongahela River. Documentary research indicated that repairs to the sawmill were commonplace. The construction of "old" Lock and Dam 7 in 1883 resulted in a water level of 234.5 m (769.2 ft), which was above the foundation of the sawmill. However, archival research indicates that mill operation ceased sometime between 1872 and 1882.
Geomorphological research indicates rapid alluvial deposition in this portion of the Georges Creek stream valley. Between ca. 1883 and ca. 1930 the site was covered by nearly 4 m of alluvial deposits. Geographic variables influencing mill seat locations were examined for mills along Georges Creek.
Identifying the rapid deposition of alluvial deposits on the lower reaches of streams which were a result of the construction of locks and dams on the Monongahela River and the information regarding geographic attributes of good mill seats can be useful in other archaeological investigations in the region.
The PA TH project will involve construction of a new substation and related facilities 1.36 kilometers (0.85 miles) south of Bush Creek, west of Bartholows Road. The Phase II study was conducted under contract to Kenny Construction Company (KCC) of Northbrook, Illinois. Site 18Fr984 is located in an area of rolling cultivated uplands within the Monocacy Drainage (Unit 17 of the Maryland Archaeological Research Units).
Based on the Phase I survey, Site 18Fr984 had been determined to consist of low-density domestic deposits associated with a farm that had been continuously occupied since the mid nineteenth century. The mid-nineteenth-century house, destroyed by fire ca. 1960, had been replaced by a modular home. The 2.48 acres (1.0 hectare) site included the former location of the original house, the remnant foundations of a hog pen and an icehouse, and seven standing structures: three barns, a granary, a shed, a chicken coop, and a springhouse. The Phase I survey yielded 474 historic artifacts. Although the above-ground architectural resources of the site (F-5-152) had been recommended ineligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criteria A, B, and C, the archaeological resources were believed to be potentially eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D.
The Phase II study included site-specific archival research, fieldwork, and laboratory analysis. Phase II fieldwork, performed during December 2009, consisted of close-interval shovel testing and test unit excavations. GAi's archaeological fieldwork included excavation of 81 shovel test pits (STPs) and eight test units (TUs) within and immediately proximate to the boundaries of the site, and the recovery of 2,883 artifacts. The results of the Phase II investigations redefined the boundary of Site 18Fr084 as a 1.36 acre (0.55 hectare) area encompassing the domestic structures and outbuildings associated with the farmstead.
Based on the results of the Phase 1/11 investigations, Site 18Fr984 represents the location of a former historic period farmstead. The site includes a relatively diffuse mid-nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter and a coal ash dump with associated artifacts attributable to the first half of the twentieth century. Modern ground disturbances have significantly compromised integrity in parts of the site, and that part which appears to retain the most integrity appears to contain only a low density of artifacts. The results of completed archaeological investigations indicated that the integrity of this site is poor. Due to the site's reduced integrity, GAi concludes that it has a low potential to contribute important information on the historic use of this area. GAi recommends that Site 18Fr984 is Not Eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion D. No further archaeological investigations are recommended for Site 18Fr984.
The project is being conducted by the Port Authority of Allegheny County with funding from the Federal Transit Administration and state and local sources. This archaeological survey was conducted in accordance with appropriate state and federal legislation. In 2002, a Programmatic Memorandum of Agreement (PMOA) was signed by the FTA, Port Authority, and the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) stipulating that a Phase I archaeological study be completed for the project and if necessary, Phase II and Ill archaeological fieldwork.
Based on the results of a Phase IA study and per agreement between the FTA, Port Authority, SHPO, Obayashi/Trumbull JV, and GAi, Phase IB archaeological subsurface testing was limited to the North Side segment (vicinity of PNC Park, the SEA Parking Garage, and the Heinz Field parking lot). Excavation was completed with the investigation of eight mechanical trenches and five hand-excavated units. Three sites (36AL538, 36AL539, and 36AL540) were identified during the Phase 1B study of the new LRT line and another site (36AL545) was discovered during excavation of the Launch Pit. Phase II evaluation was undertaken on Sites 36AL538 and 36AL545.
Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 each consist of twentieth-century foundations with no associated (intact) yard midden or shaft features. The foundation interiors did not contain intact floors or associated cultural deposits, and were exposed within redeposited fill debris. Therefore, Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 lack the potential to contribute significant information towards our understanding of the history of this area and do not meet the minimum criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for these sites. Site 36AL538 consists of two stacked (vertically separated) foundation remains, representing two distinct building episodes (mid- to late- nineteenth century and mid-twentieth century), within Trench 7 of the Heinz Field Parking Lot. The foundations were separated by primarily fill and demolition debris. The lower foundation, identified at a depth of between 6.5 ft to 12 ft below ground surface, contained a mortared, dressed, sandstone foundation wall, a brick paved area, and a stone and brick concentration believed to be associated with a mid- to late-nineteenth-century residential structure. This nineteenth-century occupation was disturbed by construction associated with the mid-twentieth century commercial structure overlying these remains. The relatively undisturbed portion of the site, within the project area, was sampled through a series of test units as part of a Phase II National Register evaluation. While the site within the project area possesses moderate integrity, it does not contain discrete, temporally-diagnostic deposits or deep shaft features precluding the ability to address broader research questions. Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL538 within the project area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for Site 36AL538.
Site 36AL545 is a privy and foundation walls (Features 38 and 39) encountered during monitoring along the western edge of Launch Pit excavations at a depth of approximately 16-22 ft below existing ground surface. Associated with a late-nineteenth to early-twentieth-century occupation, the surrounding soils consist of fill deposits. Features 38 and 39 are likely associated with a tenant structure housing widows and unskilled to semi-skilled workers, dating ca. 1872-1925. No other features were identified within the project area. The portion of Site 36AL545 within the project area possesses moderate to poor integrity. Historical research
determined that there were multiple occupants in the house over time and it was not possible to link artifacts with specific tenant occupations, thereby diminishing the significance of the archaeological remains.
Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. As a result, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are warranted for Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit excavation area.
There were 14,207 artifacts, nearly 1,000 bones, and nearly 900 shells examined. In addition, one fabric sample and one flotation sample were examined. Six artifacts were submitted to a conservation lab for processing.
The archaeological data permit examination of several research topics including site chronology, socioeconomic status, changes in land-use patterns, and diet for this farmstead located in a rural setting but within the sphere of influence of nearby Philadelphia. The archaeological record is less successful at addressing research questions associated with ethnicity and health and are not useful in addressing most post-l 870s activities at the site. Therefore, this study was only partially successful at examining changes at the site during the historic occupation period. The results of the archaeological investigation and archival research does confirm the importance of the site for addressing some specific research topics and may contribute important baseline data for future work in the region.
A 100x100-foot staging area encompasses the project's western terminus. There are also two access roads, both of which lie on existing gravel roads. Access Road #1, located near the midpoint of the project, is 9500 feet (2896 meters) long. Access Road #2, which lies near the eastern terminus, extends 8000 feet (2438 m) in length. Columbia has no plans to improve the existing road templates that these proposed access roads will follow.
For archaeological resources, the project's Area of Potential Effect (APE) is defined as all locations associated with the proposed undertaking where there will be disturbance of soils that have the potential to contain archaeological sites. The APE for the E-460 pipeline replacement section includes the E-460 Pipeline right-of-way and Access Roads 1 and 2. Acreage of the E-460 ROW measures 7.2 ac, while the combined acreage for the access roads is 10 ac, for a total of 17 .2 ac for the entire project APE.
The goal of the Phase I cultural resources survey was to determine the presence or absence of significant cultural resources in areas that will be affected by the proposed project. Phase I survey included background research, landowner interviews, a geomorphic assessment for archaeological site potential, surface collecting and subsurface testing. This Phase I survey was completed to meet the requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). To accommodate property access, work was conducted in two episodes, October 2005 and January 2006.
The background research indicated that there were no previously recorded archaeological sites or architectural resources in the project area. One locus was identified for possible historic archaeological site potential. The geomorphic field assessment revealed that much of the project corridor was disturbed or steeply sloping and had low-to-no potential for intact archaeological sites. Thirty-six STPs, including three radials, were excavated in the moderate potential areas during survey. One archaeological site and two isolated prehistoric finds were identified.
Site 33Ho689 represents a very localized prehistoric activity area with a size of 1 m2. This site, found in the A horizon, consists of 7 lithic debitage related to tool manufacture or maintenance activities. No temporally diagnostic artifacts were recovered. This small undated scatter of lithic debitage cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that this site is not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Sites 33Ho690 and 33Ho691 are isolated prehistoric lithic surface collection finds, discovered on an existing farm lane road with imported gravels, making the original provenience of these two finds uncertain. These non-diagnostic lithic finds cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that these sites are not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-460 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
The proposed project area was subjected to a Phase I survey in May-June 2005. The Phase I survey included background research, landowner interview, a geomorphology assessment for archaeological site potential, subsurface testing, and architectural survey. The background research identified the presence of one previously-recorded archaeological site adjacent to the project area, since destroyed by quarry-related activities. Also, the terminus of Section 1 of the proposed pipeline ROW abuts, but does not invade, the ROW for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed Hocking Valley Railroad.
Three archaeological sites and one historic structure complex were identified. Sites 33Ho686 and 33Ho688 represent isolated finds from disturbed contexts, each with a size of 1 m2. Both sites lack good integrity and as Isolated Finds, cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Site 33Ho687 is a 20th century site that lacks good integrity and has limited research potential and therefore is recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Two structure complexes (HOC-307-12 and HOC-308-12) were documented. The house at HOC-307-12 dates from circa 1910. Only two of the outbuildings are located within the project area and these date from circa 1930-1940. This structure complex is not associated with an important event, person, or architectural feature and does not appear to meet the minimum requirements for inclusion to the NRHP. The HOC-308-12 property does not have any structures within the right-of-way; however, the project area traverses part of the property. HOC-308-12 includes two outbuildings that historically served as commercial enterprises along Laurel Run Road. Since these two buildings retain integrity and maintain the ability to convey their historic functions, they are recommended NRHP-eligible under Criterion A. Therefore, GAi recommends that the NRHP boundary should encompass only those two buildings contributing to the significance of the property, which lies near, but outside the APE (and excludes the main house and remaining outbuildings).
Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological or architectural resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-2 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
The results of the reconnaissance survey identified one site, the Loleta Park site (36 El 105). The site had two components: an unidentified prehistoric component of five isolated lithic finds within the larger site which includes most of the former location of the saw mill town of Loleta. This historic component dates from 1898 to 1913. Within this large site 72 individual loci were identified. Some of these loci contained multiple resources. There was minimal post-depositional disturbances to most of the site except around the more developed portions of the recreation area. The reconnaissance identified portions of the domestic, public and commercial, and industrial features systems associated with the town .
The area subjected to assessment activities included 13 loci: 2 industrial loci and 11 domestic loci. The two industrial loci identified a possible structure foundation (F.S. 9) and an industrial midden (F.S. 11). Both loci had good integrity despite being located within the more heavily disturbed portion of the site. The domestic loci included two possible outbuilding structure locations (F.S. 4A and F.S. 4B). Field Site 4A appeared to be related to the recent campground construction activities. Assessment of Field Site 4B conferred that this site included an outbuilding location. The assessment of three loci within a large domestic scatter (F.S. 15A, F.S. 15B, and F.S. 15C) resulted in the identification of four diffuse trash scatter loci and a possible structure location. Four of the assessment loci had a cellar hole (F.S. 101, F.S. 107, F.S. 108A, and F.S. 108B). Two of the assessment loci (F.S. 23 and F.S. 57) had a partially intact foundation remnant. Field Sites 57 and 108B were extensively disturbed and appeared to lack good integrity. The remaining loci had good integrity .
The field survey indicated two buildings and five structures built by the CCC's. The National Park Service required the recordation of both dams and the treatment of them as two separate structures for HABS/HAER. The HABS/HAER documentation of the two buildings and five structures revealed that these resources still conveyed the look and feel of the rustic architecture style that characterized the CCC works. Some of these resources have been repaired. Natural factors such as insect infestation, erosion, and frost heave have resulted in a serious threat to the wood built resources. The upper and lower dam appear to have few alterations from the original CCC works.
The historic archaeological component of the Loleta Park site (36 El 105) and the seven CCC built constructions may be eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C. In addition, the archaeological component may also be eligible under Criterion D. The prehistoric component of 36 El 105 does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. It is recommended that the Allegheny National Forest protect this district from any further disturbances. If that is not possible, then additional measures may be required .
The goal of the survey was to identify cultural resources within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) and make preliminary recommendations regarding their National Register eligibility. In addition, the study defined the approximate boundaries of identified archaeological sites in the APE, developed preliminary assessments of the significance of cultural resources, and recorded the resources on PHRS and PASS forms. The work was undertaken between February and April 2008.
GAI's Phase I cultural resources survey included background research, geomorphology assessment for site potential, subsurface testing in areas with moderate- to high- potential for archaeological sites, and recordation of historic structures in the APE. Background research indicated a potential for historic and prehistoric archaeological sites and structures within the project vicinity. Phase IA survey (conducted by a geomorphologist and field archaeologist) consisted of a walkover of the project corridor that identified areas of low to no archaeological potential, areas where directional drilling would avoid impacts to sites, and six areas (Areas A-F) with moderate to high archaeological potential where GAI conducted Phase IB subsurface testing. The architectural survey addressed structures in or adjacent to the project corridor.
A total of 70 STPs and one 1x1-m test unit were excavated in the APE. One prehistoric archaeological site (36Mi115) and one prehistoric isolated find were identified in Area F. The isolated projectile point found on the ground surface does not possess the potential to add significant information to our understanding of the history of the region. No additional work is recommended for the isolated find.
Site 36MI115 was identified as a Late Archaic camp site, measuring approximately 45 m (148 feet) long and extending beyond the 18 m (60 feet) wide project corridor. Additional work was recommended to evaluate Site 36MI115 for its potential for listing to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). However, based on consultation with PPL and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau of Historic Preservation (PHMC-BHP), it was determined that PPL would avoid impact to Site 36MI115 by leaving a 50 ft construction buffer around site and by using horizontal directional drilling to place the pipeline 15 ft beneath the ground surface, and below any cultural deposits of Site 36Mi115.
The architectural survey identified three historic resources: a farm at 125 Round House Road, the Norfolk Southern Railway/Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division. The farm is recommended eligible for listing to the NRHP under Criteria A and C at the local level. The Pennsylvania Railroad is already listed in the NRHP. The Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division, appears to be disturbed within the APE and no longer conveys its historic function and character; we recommend that this section is not eligible for listing to the NRHP. All three of these resources will be avoided by using a horizontal directional drill to avoid impacts by placing the pipeline underground and beneath the resources.
Since horizontal directional drilling 15 feet beneath the identified cultural resources will avoid impact to the potentially significant resources, GAI recommends that the project be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional cultural resource investigations.
Background research did not identify any previously recorded cultural resources within or close to the seven new Study Areas (Study Areas 81 through 87) covered in this Addendum 2 Report. No aboveground facilities are proposed for the Project area, and as such, the Project will have no viewshed impacts on architectural or historical resources.
Phase I field investigations detailed in this Addendum 2 Report cover seven locations (extra work spaces, pipeline segments, and access roads) not covered by the original Phase I H-129 pipeline archaeological survey or the LPE Pipeline Upgrade Addendum 1 archaeological survey reports. GAI conducted a systematic reconnaissance inspection of the seven new study areas. Soil auger probes were placed in Study Area 84 to confirm the presence of disturbed soil stratigraphy. Due to the presence of steep slopes and/or previous ground disturbances, Study Areas 81 through 87 were concluded to maintain low to no potential for archaeological materials and were excluded from shovel test pit excavations.
One additional location (formerly Study Area 80) was surveyed but eliminated from consideration as an extra workspace after a prehistoric archaeological site was identified during subsurface testing. Equitrans, L.P. decided to exclude this location from the current project designs, so the site will be outside of the Area of Potential Effect.
Based on negative results, GAI recommends that the proposed Project proceed according to current design and without further cultural resources investigations. If design plans change to incorporate additional areas not addressed in the current study, additional cultural resources investigations may be required, in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission guidelines.
The Petersheim Site was first identified on November 11, 2004, during GAi's previous Phase I survey. Site 36Ju117 (Petersheim Site) is a late-19th to mid-20th century domestic archaeological site. A review of historic maps and atlases indicates that the house was probably built before 1877 and was still occupied in 1936. Informant interviews indicated that the Colyer Family abandoned the house in the 1944 when they moved to another location.
Site 36Ju117 measures 84m north/south by 54m east/west and includes the archaeological remains associated with a house, a barn, and an outbuilding. The house foundation was constructed of "dressed" dry-laid, local stone and built on a bench of a hillside. According to local informants, the house was constructed of logs. A total of 209 STPs, 11 units, and 9 backhoe trenches were excavated during the Phase II study. Two cultural features were identified and sampled: a burn pile and the (house cellar) builder's trench. Both of these features were sampled extensively.
Excavations recovered 4,947 artifacts--few dating to the early to mid-19th century. Nearly half were recovered from a late-19th to 20th-century burn pile feature, similar to the date assigned to the builder's trench.
Based on the above results, the Petersheim Site (36Ju117) does not have the potential to contribute significant information toward our understanding of 19th century farmsteads in this region, and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, GAi concludes that the project will have No Effect on significant cultural resources. It is recommended that the project design be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional archaeological investigations .
This lime works site was in operation by 1844 and continued until the first decade of the 20th century ( c.1907). No previous archaeological survey has been undertaken on this property. The project area measured approximately 89,250 sq. ft. or nearly 2 acres. Of this approximately 0.55 acres (200 ft. by 100 ft.) was located north of Tahoma Farm Road. The remaining area was situated within the quarry and received only limited archaeological investigations.
The archaeological investigation was designed to accomplish specific research objectives. The archeological study at the Fenby Farm Quarry and Lime Kiln site utilized historical research and archeological fieldwork to meet the project goals. Background research provided information which enhanced the interpretation of this site. The fieldwork consisted of a visual inspection of the project area and excavation of shovel test pits, units, and features. The visual inspection documented landscape features and identified potential disturbed areas, which were confirmed with shovel test pit excavations. A total of 55 shovel test pits were excavated across the site on the site grid. In addition, 7 larger excavation units were excavated. As a result of this survey, 17 features were identified and documented including the three kilns. A total of 2,532 artifacts were recovered from the site as a result of this investigation.
Based on this investigation this site may be eligible for listing on National Register of Historic Places under Criteria C and D. The site possesses good integrity. The archaeological investigation identified architectural remains that may embody important characteristics of period, type, or method of construction (Criterion C). This site also has the potential to provide significant information to enhance our understanding of the history of the region with regards to the Architecture and Economic research themes (Criterion D) as identified for Maryland (Maryland Historical Trust 1984).
Specific management needs were discussed. Of primary importance is the need to: 1) ensure that the design of the park development project on this unique and significant historic site be compatible with the historic and architectural qualities of this site and 2) incorporate the results of both the archaeological investigation and the background research in future interpretation and education programs. The City should ensure that any future work is consistent with the recommended approaches set forth in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Treatments of Historic Properties (36CFR Part 68). Additional fieldwork or preservation in place is recommended for intact areas around the kilns. Some stabilization work is recommended for in the near future for: 1) the kiln face where the wall bulges out, 2) the brick arches, and 3) the ground around the top of Feature 4 kiln. Stabilization may be necessary on the interior of Feature 3 kiln also. Due to the potential for injuries, it is recommended that the kilns be enclosed with a fence until the stabilization is completed and access to the openings to the kilns are restrict
The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor.
As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register.
The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717.
Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.
The APE for Phase I and II archeological investigations was defined as the 150- to 200-foot-wide ROW for the proposed TL-532 pipeline, along the preliminary corridor as well as proposed reroutes, alternates and changes. The APE for access roads consisted of a 60-foot-wide ROW for the length of each proposed roadway. The study area also included the footprint of two pipe storage yards. For architectural resources, the APE consisted of the 150- to 200-foot-wide corridor for the proposed pipeline and the 60-foot-wide corridor for each access road.
GAi's Phase I survey of the project APE identified 46 new archeological sites, documented expanded site boundaries for 4 previously recorded sites, identified a new locus at one previously recorded site, and recorded 124 Isolated Finds and 29 architectural resources.
The 51 total archeological sites include 32 prehistoric sites and 19 historic-period sites. The sample of 32 prehistoric archeological sites includes two previously identified sites (18Pr101 and 18Ch654) and 30 newly recorded sites. Components on sites with diagnostic artifacts range from Early Archaic through Late Woodland. The majority of these sites were identified in the western portion of the project, in the vicinity of Mattawoman Creek, an area with abundant toolstone resources consisting of cobble quartz and quartzite. The 19 remaining archeological sites consist of predominantly historic component occupations, ranging in age from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. The majority of these sites appear to reflect the agrarian land use history of the region, although one site
(18Pr 729) constitutes and historic industrial brick manufacturing complex. The 109 Isolated Finds consist of 56 prehistoric, 49 historic and 4 prehistoric/historic.
At the request of DCP, GAi conducted Phase II testing at 19 of the potentially eligible archeological sites identified during Phase I survey that could not be avoided by project redesign (16 prehistoric sites and 3 historic sites).
Based on the results of this study, GAi recommends that three archeological sites--18Cv151, 18Pr727, and 18Ch654-- are eligible to the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Site 18Cv151 is a mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth-century domestic site, previously recorded by Steponaitis (1983) and Gibb (1992). GAi's survey and testing showed that this site extended into the ROW and contains domestic artifacts and features rendering it NRHP-eligible. Site 18Pr727 is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site; Area C of this site contains a discrete Early Archaic (8000-6000 B.C.) occupation locus; based on the information potential of this site subarea, GAi recommends Site 18Pr727 as eligible to the NRHP. Finally, Site 18Ch654 (the Phillip's Meadow Site) is an Archaic through Woodland prehistoric site (Child et al. 1997; Mock et al. 2000) that has been previously determined to be NRHP eligible under Criterion D. GAi's Phase I investigations within the project APE documented that this site extends south from the previously mapped site boundary into the project ROW and cannot be avoided. Based on the recommendation of NRHP eligibility for Sites 18Cv151 and 18Pr727, and the previously determined NRHP-eligible status of 18Ch654, GAi recommends for each of these sites that DCP either avoid impacts during project construction or perform Phase Ill data recovery excavations to resolve adverse effects from project development.
Eight other identified sites are recommended as potentially eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. These include six prehistoric sites (18Cv449, 18Cv466, 18Cv467, 18Cv451, 18Pr721, and 18Ch749) and two historic sites (18Cv454 and 18Pr729). Finally, 39 sites (24 prehistoric and 15 historic) are recommended as Not Eligible to the National Register under Criterion D. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these sites. Consequently, GAi recommends that no further archeological studies be conducted at these sites. One historic site, 18Cv456, was determined to lie outside the project ROW; accordingly proposed project development will result in "No Effect" at this location.
GAi's architectural investigations documented 29 resources over 50 years of age. One additional resource, Morgan's Fresh (CT-61 ), an example of eighteenth-century Colonial domestic architecture, is a National Register-listed property. Because proposed project impacts will result in "No Effect" to Morgan's Fresh (Jonathan Sager (MHT), personal communication 2005), no work is recommended at this location. Three properties [Oakland Hall (CT-139)/Sedwick Family Cemetery, Woodville
School/Knights of St. John's Hall (PG-87B-34 ), and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad (CH-810)] are recommended as National Register-eligible. Oakland Hall is recommended NRHP eligible under Criteria A, B, and C, while the Woodville School/Knights of St. John's Hall and the Pope's Creek Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad are both recommended eligible under Criterion A. Because proposed project construction will result in "No Effect" to these properties, GAi recommends no further investigations of these localities. Twenty-six architectural resources are recommended as Not Eligible to the NRHP. Based on this assessment, proposed construction impacts will constitute a "No Effect" to these properties. Consequently, GAi recommends no further investigations at these locations.
The sawmill was associated with Albert Gallatin, a leading political figure during the early nineteenth century. The sawmill was built ca. 1807 during Gallatin's ownership of the property. The sawmill and adjacent timber crib dam were constructed of large timbers, some of which are hewn while others are nearly unmodified. The timber frame of the mill and dam was constructed of mortises, tenons, and pegs. The dam and mill foundations show some deviation from standard construction methods of that time.
Approximately 7 m of the dam on the south side of Georges Creek was examined. The sawmill's foundation remains measured approximately 20 m north-south by 7 m to 15 m east-west. The mill foundation was divided into an old and a new mill section with the old section abutting the dam. The old section appeared to use a vertical waterwheel (flutter wheel) to power a sash saw. The old mill was modified to create a wing wall on the eastern side, possibly to lessen the pressure the mill pond exerted against that wall of this mill.
The new mill section was added ca. 1845. The new mill section utilized two turbines to power the sash saw although cut marks on two pieces of wood scraps may indicate that a circular saw was used during the final days of mill operation.
The construction methods and location of the mill afforded little protection against flood and ice damage from both Georges Creek and the Monongahela River. Documentary research indicated that repairs to the sawmill were commonplace. The construction of "old" Lock and Dam 7 in 1883 resulted in a water level of 234.5 m (769.2 ft), which was above the foundation of the sawmill. However, archival research indicates that mill operation ceased sometime between 1872 and 1882.
Geomorphological research indicates rapid alluvial deposition in this portion of the Georges Creek stream valley. Between ca. 1883 and ca. 1930 the site was covered by nearly 4 m of alluvial deposits. Geographic variables influencing mill seat locations were examined for mills along Georges Creek.
Identifying the rapid deposition of alluvial deposits on the lower reaches of streams which were a result of the construction of locks and dams on the Monongahela River and the information regarding geographic attributes of good mill seats can be useful in other archaeological investigations in the region.
The PA TH project will involve construction of a new substation and related facilities 1.36 kilometers (0.85 miles) south of Bush Creek, west of Bartholows Road. The Phase II study was conducted under contract to Kenny Construction Company (KCC) of Northbrook, Illinois. Site 18Fr984 is located in an area of rolling cultivated uplands within the Monocacy Drainage (Unit 17 of the Maryland Archaeological Research Units).
Based on the Phase I survey, Site 18Fr984 had been determined to consist of low-density domestic deposits associated with a farm that had been continuously occupied since the mid nineteenth century. The mid-nineteenth-century house, destroyed by fire ca. 1960, had been replaced by a modular home. The 2.48 acres (1.0 hectare) site included the former location of the original house, the remnant foundations of a hog pen and an icehouse, and seven standing structures: three barns, a granary, a shed, a chicken coop, and a springhouse. The Phase I survey yielded 474 historic artifacts. Although the above-ground architectural resources of the site (F-5-152) had been recommended ineligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criteria A, B, and C, the archaeological resources were believed to be potentially eligible for the NRHP under Criterion D.
The Phase II study included site-specific archival research, fieldwork, and laboratory analysis. Phase II fieldwork, performed during December 2009, consisted of close-interval shovel testing and test unit excavations. GAi's archaeological fieldwork included excavation of 81 shovel test pits (STPs) and eight test units (TUs) within and immediately proximate to the boundaries of the site, and the recovery of 2,883 artifacts. The results of the Phase II investigations redefined the boundary of Site 18Fr084 as a 1.36 acre (0.55 hectare) area encompassing the domestic structures and outbuildings associated with the farmstead.
Based on the results of the Phase 1/11 investigations, Site 18Fr984 represents the location of a former historic period farmstead. The site includes a relatively diffuse mid-nineteenth to twentieth century artifact scatter and a coal ash dump with associated artifacts attributable to the first half of the twentieth century. Modern ground disturbances have significantly compromised integrity in parts of the site, and that part which appears to retain the most integrity appears to contain only a low density of artifacts. The results of completed archaeological investigations indicated that the integrity of this site is poor. Due to the site's reduced integrity, GAi concludes that it has a low potential to contribute important information on the historic use of this area. GAi recommends that Site 18Fr984 is Not Eligible for listing in the National Register under Criterion D. No further archaeological investigations are recommended for Site 18Fr984.
The project is being conducted by the Port Authority of Allegheny County with funding from the Federal Transit Administration and state and local sources. This archaeological survey was conducted in accordance with appropriate state and federal legislation. In 2002, a Programmatic Memorandum of Agreement (PMOA) was signed by the FTA, Port Authority, and the Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) stipulating that a Phase I archaeological study be completed for the project and if necessary, Phase II and Ill archaeological fieldwork.
Based on the results of a Phase IA study and per agreement between the FTA, Port Authority, SHPO, Obayashi/Trumbull JV, and GAi, Phase IB archaeological subsurface testing was limited to the North Side segment (vicinity of PNC Park, the SEA Parking Garage, and the Heinz Field parking lot). Excavation was completed with the investigation of eight mechanical trenches and five hand-excavated units. Three sites (36AL538, 36AL539, and 36AL540) were identified during the Phase 1B study of the new LRT line and another site (36AL545) was discovered during excavation of the Launch Pit. Phase II evaluation was undertaken on Sites 36AL538 and 36AL545.
Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 each consist of twentieth-century foundations with no associated (intact) yard midden or shaft features. The foundation interiors did not contain intact floors or associated cultural deposits, and were exposed within redeposited fill debris. Therefore, Sites 36AL539 and 36AL540 lack the potential to contribute significant information towards our understanding of the history of this area and do not meet the minimum criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for these sites. Site 36AL538 consists of two stacked (vertically separated) foundation remains, representing two distinct building episodes (mid- to late- nineteenth century and mid-twentieth century), within Trench 7 of the Heinz Field Parking Lot. The foundations were separated by primarily fill and demolition debris. The lower foundation, identified at a depth of between 6.5 ft to 12 ft below ground surface, contained a mortared, dressed, sandstone foundation wall, a brick paved area, and a stone and brick concentration believed to be associated with a mid- to late-nineteenth-century residential structure. This nineteenth-century occupation was disturbed by construction associated with the mid-twentieth century commercial structure overlying these remains. The relatively undisturbed portion of the site, within the project area, was sampled through a series of test units as part of a Phase II National Register evaluation. While the site within the project area possesses moderate integrity, it does not contain discrete, temporally-diagnostic deposits or deep shaft features precluding the ability to address broader research questions. Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL538 within the project area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. Therefore, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are recommended for Site 36AL538.
Site 36AL545 is a privy and foundation walls (Features 38 and 39) encountered during monitoring along the western edge of Launch Pit excavations at a depth of approximately 16-22 ft below existing ground surface. Associated with a late-nineteenth to early-twentieth-century occupation, the surrounding soils consist of fill deposits. Features 38 and 39 are likely associated with a tenant structure housing widows and unskilled to semi-skilled workers, dating ca. 1872-1925. No other features were identified within the project area. The portion of Site 36AL545 within the project area possesses moderate to poor integrity. Historical research
determined that there were multiple occupants in the house over time and it was not possible to link artifacts with specific tenant occupations, thereby diminishing the significance of the archaeological remains.
Therefore, GAi recommends that the portion of Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit area is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. As a result, no additional archaeological or historical investigations are warranted for Site 36AL545 within the Launch Pit excavation area.
There were 14,207 artifacts, nearly 1,000 bones, and nearly 900 shells examined. In addition, one fabric sample and one flotation sample were examined. Six artifacts were submitted to a conservation lab for processing.
The archaeological data permit examination of several research topics including site chronology, socioeconomic status, changes in land-use patterns, and diet for this farmstead located in a rural setting but within the sphere of influence of nearby Philadelphia. The archaeological record is less successful at addressing research questions associated with ethnicity and health and are not useful in addressing most post-l 870s activities at the site. Therefore, this study was only partially successful at examining changes at the site during the historic occupation period. The results of the archaeological investigation and archival research does confirm the importance of the site for addressing some specific research topics and may contribute important baseline data for future work in the region.
A 100x100-foot staging area encompasses the project's western terminus. There are also two access roads, both of which lie on existing gravel roads. Access Road #1, located near the midpoint of the project, is 9500 feet (2896 meters) long. Access Road #2, which lies near the eastern terminus, extends 8000 feet (2438 m) in length. Columbia has no plans to improve the existing road templates that these proposed access roads will follow.
For archaeological resources, the project's Area of Potential Effect (APE) is defined as all locations associated with the proposed undertaking where there will be disturbance of soils that have the potential to contain archaeological sites. The APE for the E-460 pipeline replacement section includes the E-460 Pipeline right-of-way and Access Roads 1 and 2. Acreage of the E-460 ROW measures 7.2 ac, while the combined acreage for the access roads is 10 ac, for a total of 17 .2 ac for the entire project APE.
The goal of the Phase I cultural resources survey was to determine the presence or absence of significant cultural resources in areas that will be affected by the proposed project. Phase I survey included background research, landowner interviews, a geomorphic assessment for archaeological site potential, surface collecting and subsurface testing. This Phase I survey was completed to meet the requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). To accommodate property access, work was conducted in two episodes, October 2005 and January 2006.
The background research indicated that there were no previously recorded archaeological sites or architectural resources in the project area. One locus was identified for possible historic archaeological site potential. The geomorphic field assessment revealed that much of the project corridor was disturbed or steeply sloping and had low-to-no potential for intact archaeological sites. Thirty-six STPs, including three radials, were excavated in the moderate potential areas during survey. One archaeological site and two isolated prehistoric finds were identified.
Site 33Ho689 represents a very localized prehistoric activity area with a size of 1 m2. This site, found in the A horizon, consists of 7 lithic debitage related to tool manufacture or maintenance activities. No temporally diagnostic artifacts were recovered. This small undated scatter of lithic debitage cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that this site is not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Sites 33Ho690 and 33Ho691 are isolated prehistoric lithic surface collection finds, discovered on an existing farm lane road with imported gravels, making the original provenience of these two finds uncertain. These non-diagnostic lithic finds cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Therefore, GAi recommends that these sites are not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-460 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
The proposed project area was subjected to a Phase I survey in May-June 2005. The Phase I survey included background research, landowner interview, a geomorphology assessment for archaeological site potential, subsurface testing, and architectural survey. The background research identified the presence of one previously-recorded archaeological site adjacent to the project area, since destroyed by quarry-related activities. Also, the terminus of Section 1 of the proposed pipeline ROW abuts, but does not invade, the ROW for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed Hocking Valley Railroad.
Three archaeological sites and one historic structure complex were identified. Sites 33Ho686 and 33Ho688 represent isolated finds from disturbed contexts, each with a size of 1 m2. Both sites lack good integrity and as Isolated Finds, cannot add significant information to our understanding to the prehistory of the region. Site 33Ho687 is a 20th century site that lacks good integrity and has limited research potential and therefore is recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP under Criterion D.
Two structure complexes (HOC-307-12 and HOC-308-12) were documented. The house at HOC-307-12 dates from circa 1910. Only two of the outbuildings are located within the project area and these date from circa 1930-1940. This structure complex is not associated with an important event, person, or architectural feature and does not appear to meet the minimum requirements for inclusion to the NRHP. The HOC-308-12 property does not have any structures within the right-of-way; however, the project area traverses part of the property. HOC-308-12 includes two outbuildings that historically served as commercial enterprises along Laurel Run Road. Since these two buildings retain integrity and maintain the ability to convey their historic functions, they are recommended NRHP-eligible under Criterion A. Therefore, GAi recommends that the NRHP boundary should encompass only those two buildings contributing to the significance of the property, which lies near, but outside the APE (and excludes the main house and remaining outbuildings).
Based on these findings, GAi recommends that the project will have No Effect on significant archaeological or architectural resources. GAi further recommends that development of the proposed E-2 Pipeline Replacement project in Starr Township, Hocking County, Ohio be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional investigations.
The results of the reconnaissance survey identified one site, the Loleta Park site (36 El 105). The site had two components: an unidentified prehistoric component of five isolated lithic finds within the larger site which includes most of the former location of the saw mill town of Loleta. This historic component dates from 1898 to 1913. Within this large site 72 individual loci were identified. Some of these loci contained multiple resources. There was minimal post-depositional disturbances to most of the site except around the more developed portions of the recreation area. The reconnaissance identified portions of the domestic, public and commercial, and industrial features systems associated with the town .
The area subjected to assessment activities included 13 loci: 2 industrial loci and 11 domestic loci. The two industrial loci identified a possible structure foundation (F.S. 9) and an industrial midden (F.S. 11). Both loci had good integrity despite being located within the more heavily disturbed portion of the site. The domestic loci included two possible outbuilding structure locations (F.S. 4A and F.S. 4B). Field Site 4A appeared to be related to the recent campground construction activities. Assessment of Field Site 4B conferred that this site included an outbuilding location. The assessment of three loci within a large domestic scatter (F.S. 15A, F.S. 15B, and F.S. 15C) resulted in the identification of four diffuse trash scatter loci and a possible structure location. Four of the assessment loci had a cellar hole (F.S. 101, F.S. 107, F.S. 108A, and F.S. 108B). Two of the assessment loci (F.S. 23 and F.S. 57) had a partially intact foundation remnant. Field Sites 57 and 108B were extensively disturbed and appeared to lack good integrity. The remaining loci had good integrity .
The field survey indicated two buildings and five structures built by the CCC's. The National Park Service required the recordation of both dams and the treatment of them as two separate structures for HABS/HAER. The HABS/HAER documentation of the two buildings and five structures revealed that these resources still conveyed the look and feel of the rustic architecture style that characterized the CCC works. Some of these resources have been repaired. Natural factors such as insect infestation, erosion, and frost heave have resulted in a serious threat to the wood built resources. The upper and lower dam appear to have few alterations from the original CCC works.
The historic archaeological component of the Loleta Park site (36 El 105) and the seven CCC built constructions may be eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C. In addition, the archaeological component may also be eligible under Criterion D. The prehistoric component of 36 El 105 does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. It is recommended that the Allegheny National Forest protect this district from any further disturbances. If that is not possible, then additional measures may be required .
The goal of the survey was to identify cultural resources within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) and make preliminary recommendations regarding their National Register eligibility. In addition, the study defined the approximate boundaries of identified archaeological sites in the APE, developed preliminary assessments of the significance of cultural resources, and recorded the resources on PHRS and PASS forms. The work was undertaken between February and April 2008.
GAI's Phase I cultural resources survey included background research, geomorphology assessment for site potential, subsurface testing in areas with moderate- to high- potential for archaeological sites, and recordation of historic structures in the APE. Background research indicated a potential for historic and prehistoric archaeological sites and structures within the project vicinity. Phase IA survey (conducted by a geomorphologist and field archaeologist) consisted of a walkover of the project corridor that identified areas of low to no archaeological potential, areas where directional drilling would avoid impacts to sites, and six areas (Areas A-F) with moderate to high archaeological potential where GAI conducted Phase IB subsurface testing. The architectural survey addressed structures in or adjacent to the project corridor.
A total of 70 STPs and one 1x1-m test unit were excavated in the APE. One prehistoric archaeological site (36Mi115) and one prehistoric isolated find were identified in Area F. The isolated projectile point found on the ground surface does not possess the potential to add significant information to our understanding of the history of the region. No additional work is recommended for the isolated find.
Site 36MI115 was identified as a Late Archaic camp site, measuring approximately 45 m (148 feet) long and extending beyond the 18 m (60 feet) wide project corridor. Additional work was recommended to evaluate Site 36MI115 for its potential for listing to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). However, based on consultation with PPL and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Bureau of Historic Preservation (PHMC-BHP), it was determined that PPL would avoid impact to Site 36MI115 by leaving a 50 ft construction buffer around site and by using horizontal directional drilling to place the pipeline 15 ft beneath the ground surface, and below any cultural deposits of Site 36Mi115.
The architectural survey identified three historic resources: a farm at 125 Round House Road, the Norfolk Southern Railway/Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division. The farm is recommended eligible for listing to the NRHP under Criteria A and C at the local level. The Pennsylvania Railroad is already listed in the NRHP. The Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, Juniata Division, appears to be disturbed within the APE and no longer conveys its historic function and character; we recommend that this section is not eligible for listing to the NRHP. All three of these resources will be avoided by using a horizontal directional drill to avoid impacts by placing the pipeline underground and beneath the resources.
Since horizontal directional drilling 15 feet beneath the identified cultural resources will avoid impact to the potentially significant resources, GAI recommends that the project be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional cultural resource investigations.
Background research did not identify any previously recorded cultural resources within or close to the seven new Study Areas (Study Areas 81 through 87) covered in this Addendum 2 Report. No aboveground facilities are proposed for the Project area, and as such, the Project will have no viewshed impacts on architectural or historical resources.
Phase I field investigations detailed in this Addendum 2 Report cover seven locations (extra work spaces, pipeline segments, and access roads) not covered by the original Phase I H-129 pipeline archaeological survey or the LPE Pipeline Upgrade Addendum 1 archaeological survey reports. GAI conducted a systematic reconnaissance inspection of the seven new study areas. Soil auger probes were placed in Study Area 84 to confirm the presence of disturbed soil stratigraphy. Due to the presence of steep slopes and/or previous ground disturbances, Study Areas 81 through 87 were concluded to maintain low to no potential for archaeological materials and were excluded from shovel test pit excavations.
One additional location (formerly Study Area 80) was surveyed but eliminated from consideration as an extra workspace after a prehistoric archaeological site was identified during subsurface testing. Equitrans, L.P. decided to exclude this location from the current project designs, so the site will be outside of the Area of Potential Effect.
Based on negative results, GAI recommends that the proposed Project proceed according to current design and without further cultural resources investigations. If design plans change to incorporate additional areas not addressed in the current study, additional cultural resources investigations may be required, in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission guidelines.
The Petersheim Site was first identified on November 11, 2004, during GAi's previous Phase I survey. Site 36Ju117 (Petersheim Site) is a late-19th to mid-20th century domestic archaeological site. A review of historic maps and atlases indicates that the house was probably built before 1877 and was still occupied in 1936. Informant interviews indicated that the Colyer Family abandoned the house in the 1944 when they moved to another location.
Site 36Ju117 measures 84m north/south by 54m east/west and includes the archaeological remains associated with a house, a barn, and an outbuilding. The house foundation was constructed of "dressed" dry-laid, local stone and built on a bench of a hillside. According to local informants, the house was constructed of logs. A total of 209 STPs, 11 units, and 9 backhoe trenches were excavated during the Phase II study. Two cultural features were identified and sampled: a burn pile and the (house cellar) builder's trench. Both of these features were sampled extensively.
Excavations recovered 4,947 artifacts--few dating to the early to mid-19th century. Nearly half were recovered from a late-19th to 20th-century burn pile feature, similar to the date assigned to the builder's trench.
Based on the above results, the Petersheim Site (36Ju117) does not have the potential to contribute significant information toward our understanding of 19th century farmsteads in this region, and is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Therefore, GAi concludes that the project will have No Effect on significant cultural resources. It is recommended that the project design be allowed to proceed as planned with no additional archaeological investigations .
This lime works site was in operation by 1844 and continued until the first decade of the 20th century ( c.1907). No previous archaeological survey has been undertaken on this property. The project area measured approximately 89,250 sq. ft. or nearly 2 acres. Of this approximately 0.55 acres (200 ft. by 100 ft.) was located north of Tahoma Farm Road. The remaining area was situated within the quarry and received only limited archaeological investigations.
The archaeological investigation was designed to accomplish specific research objectives. The archeological study at the Fenby Farm Quarry and Lime Kiln site utilized historical research and archeological fieldwork to meet the project goals. Background research provided information which enhanced the interpretation of this site. The fieldwork consisted of a visual inspection of the project area and excavation of shovel test pits, units, and features. The visual inspection documented landscape features and identified potential disturbed areas, which were confirmed with shovel test pit excavations. A total of 55 shovel test pits were excavated across the site on the site grid. In addition, 7 larger excavation units were excavated. As a result of this survey, 17 features were identified and documented including the three kilns. A total of 2,532 artifacts were recovered from the site as a result of this investigation.
Based on this investigation this site may be eligible for listing on National Register of Historic Places under Criteria C and D. The site possesses good integrity. The archaeological investigation identified architectural remains that may embody important characteristics of period, type, or method of construction (Criterion C). This site also has the potential to provide significant information to enhance our understanding of the history of the region with regards to the Architecture and Economic research themes (Criterion D) as identified for Maryland (Maryland Historical Trust 1984).
Specific management needs were discussed. Of primary importance is the need to: 1) ensure that the design of the park development project on this unique and significant historic site be compatible with the historic and architectural qualities of this site and 2) incorporate the results of both the archaeological investigation and the background research in future interpretation and education programs. The City should ensure that any future work is consistent with the recommended approaches set forth in the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Treatments of Historic Properties (36CFR Part 68). Additional fieldwork or preservation in place is recommended for intact areas around the kilns. Some stabilization work is recommended for in the near future for: 1) the kiln face where the wall bulges out, 2) the brick arches, and 3) the ground around the top of Feature 4 kiln. Stabilization may be necessary on the interior of Feature 3 kiln also. Due to the potential for injuries, it is recommended that the kilns be enclosed with a fence until the stabilization is completed and access to the openings to the kilns are restrict
The project area is situated within the Council for Maryland Archeology Research Unit 17 (Monocacy Drainage) which falls in the Western Division of the Piedmont Province. The project corridor is 3925.8 m (12,880 ft) long and encompassed approximately 6.96 hectares (17.2 acres). Based upon the background research, there was a high potential for both prehistoric and historic sites within the project corridor.
As a result of this survey, seven archaeological sites were identified within the project corridor. Five of the sites were lithic scatters of general prehistoric temporal affiliation (18FR712, 18FR713, 18FR714, 18FR715, and 18FR716). These five prehistoric sites appear to represent small, ephemeral campsites. No additional work is recommended for these sites as they do not appear to meet the minimum requirements for the National Register.
The remaining two sites (18FR717 and 18FR718) are historic artifact scatters in the vicinity of former house locations. Site 18FR717 is a low density historic artifact scatter which appears to lack integrity and, therefore, does not meet the minimum criteria for inclusion to the National Register. No additional work is recommended for site 18FR717.
Site l 8FR 718 is a concentration of historic artifacts centered in the vicinity of two former farmhouses built prior to 1873. Site 18FR718 appears to have good integrity and has the potential to contain subsurface features. However, only a narrow portion of this site is situated within the current project corridor. Testing on this portion of the site did not yield important information regarding activity areas or patterning within the artifact assemblage. Therefore, no additional work is recommended for the portion of the site within the existing project corridor. It is recommended that no ground disturbing activities occur outside of the project corridor in the vicinity of site 18FR718. If the project area is expanded in the vicinity of site 18FR718 then additional Phase II archaeological testing is recommended to assess site integrity, define site limits, and evaluate the significance of this site.