In the present work, a system using data from two sensors located next to the driver and to the m... more In the present work, a system using data from two sensors located next to the driver and to the mass centre of the bus is proposed. Three degrees of discomfort have been used – comfortable, moderately uncomfortable and very uncomfortable. These levels are set out in the questionnaire. A survey was conducted. Respondents were selected between the ages of 14 and 65 and were divided into three age groups – adults, middle-aged and young. Accelerometer systems with MPU-6500 (TDK InvenSense Corp.) sensors are used. A correlation method (CORR) and sequentially improving estimation methods are used for feature selection, which significantly reduce the number of combinations of features obtained. Selected sensor data is entered into feature vectors. These vectors are reduced by principal component analysis. Predictive models have been created that take into account the age of passengers. The use of data from two sensors and separation of the passengers according their age, leads to an increa...
Old textiles are important elements of thecultural heritage. As a result of their composition mos... more Old textiles are important elements of thecultural heritage. As a result of their composition mostly of natural elements old textiles are extremely prone to physical and chemical degradation due to fungal action. The treatments usually applied for the cleaning of heritage textiles target the use of synthetic fungicides, which are potentially harmful to both human health and the environment. Numerous studies highlight as an alternative to the use of conventional antifungals, the employment of essential oils and plant extracts, which are environmentally friendly and which have no adverse effects on human health. Against this background the present study aims to test six essential oils (Lavandula angustifolia, Citrus limon, Mentha piperita, Marjoram, Melaleuca alternifolia, Origanum vulgare) to establish their inhibitory effects against fungi identified on an old piece of traditional Romanian clothing from Maramureş. For the study, the types of fungi present on the objects was determin...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Monitoring the indoor microclimate in old buildings of cultural heritage and significance is a pr... more Monitoring the indoor microclimate in old buildings of cultural heritage and significance is a practice of great importance because of the importance of their identity for local communities and national consciousness. Most aged heritage buildings, especially those made of wood, develop an indoor microclimate conducive to the development of microorganisms. This study aims to analyze one wooden church dating back to the 1710s in Romania from the microclimatic perspective, i.e., temperature and relative humidity and the fungal load of the air and surfaces. One further aim was to determine if the internal microclimate of the monument is favorable for the health of parishioners and visitors, as well as for the integrity of the church itself. The research methodology involved monitoring of the microclimate for a period of nine weeks (November 2020–January 2021) and evaluating the fungal load in indoor air as well as on the surfaces. The results show a very high contamination of air and su...
Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation o... more Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation of exhibits. Even if they are mostly placed in a controlled environment because of their construction materials, the exhibits can be very vulnerable to the influence of the internal microclimate. As a consequence, museum exhibits must be protected from potential negative effects. In order to prevent and stop the process of damage of the exhibits, monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (especially temperature, humidity, and brightness) and keeping them in strict values is extremely important. The present study refers to the investigations and analysis of air quality inside a museum, located in a heritage building, from Romania. The paper focuses on monitoring and analysing temperature of air and walls, relative humidity (RH), CO2, brightness and particulate matters (PM), formaldehyde (HCHO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The monitoring was carried out in the Summ...
The heritage woven objects could be analyzed for defects hidden to the naked eye using non-invasi... more The heritage woven objects could be analyzed for defects hidden to the naked eye using non-invasive and non-destructive ultrasonography techniques. Ultrasonography is able to offer information about altered areas, such as gasps, interruptions, discontinuances, narrowed areas, fiber breaks, different densities of the material, defects caused by natural or anthropic factors: improper storage and exposure conditions, the presence of microorganisms and traces of their activity, mechanical causes etc. By recycling of the cotton fibers from other decrepit materials, which are not directly usable, the recondition and rendition of the national and world cultural heritage of these refurbished objects would be accomplished. The impact on the environment is diminished compared to the case when new cotton fibers are created.
Old textiles represent important samples of the mobile cultural heritage, having implications on ... more Old textiles represent important samples of the mobile cultural heritage, having implications on the social and spirituallife of each population. In order to keep them in the best condition, it is necessary to implement methods to preventdamages, but also to rehabilitate and clean the already affected fabrics. In the case of textiles that need to be treated,a fundamental thing is the unaltered preservation of the initial characteristics of the materials, even after theinterventions. The aim of our study is to test the feasibility of a non-invasive alternative to usual chemicals for cleaningtextiles; Chitosan’s antimicrobial and cleaning effects on a pair of Romanian traditional cotton trousers, from Maramuresarea was analyzed. A few images were taken from SEM of untreated and treated fabric with Chitosan solution usingdifferent magnifications, in order to check the changes on the fabric surface. The purpose was to observe if there aresome color changes after Chitosan treatment, so t...
It is important to investigate the indoor air quality, the microbial concentration of indoor air ... more It is important to investigate the indoor air quality, the microbial concentration of indoor air and surfaces for preserving the cultural heritage. In what regards the microclimate inside the historic monument, the wooden church, the temperature and relative humidity were monitored using the thermo-hygrometer with data function logger “Klimalogg Pro” (eight sensors), October-December 2018, the thermos-camera “Thermal Imaging Camera FLIR I7” and “Digi-Sense Data Logging Luxmeter”. Image analysis were also performed using digital image processing techniques (ARCGIS), mapping the areas damaged by temperature, humidity and also by rainwater infiltrated on canvas paintings, biodegradation, anthropically degraded areas etc. Isolation of microorganisms from the two canvas paintings and indoor air were taken though specific method, analyses showing the presence of microorganisms on the paintings, possible human pathogens especially for people with low immunity. A high fidelity database with...
The studied textile object is a traditional female embroidered peasant shirt, old of about 100 ye... more The studied textile object is a traditional female embroidered peasant shirt, old of about 100 years, from a private collection. Bacteria and fungi were assessed through specific methods. Determination of most common fungi and yeasts, consists in: Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and Candida spp. These can contribute to the fabric fiber bio-deterioration and, in order to emphasize such aspects, the SEM images obtained from the electronic microscope were analyzed; the contamination with fungi, yeasts and bacteria can also negatively influence the health condition of those who handle such pieces (storage rooms, museums, etc.) and of those who wear such objects (even occasionally). Evidence decontamination was made by treating them with Chitosan.
Digitization of cultural heritage, has started to play a major role in sustainability; also, old ... more Digitization of cultural heritage, has started to play a major role in sustainability; also, old maps investigations can be a valuable source of information. These should be carefully handled by archive workers and those who are studying them, because mycological content can increase both human health and environmental problems. These, together with the conditions in which are stored can deteriorate the composition of the cellulose fibers, respectively the canvas fibers on which are glued. Samples were collected from old maps dating to 1895 and 1910 by specific means and methods in order to investigate their mycological content which revealed the presence of Penicillium ssp and Fusarium spp. Scanning electron microscopy - analysis (SEM) was done for the mentioned materials in order to determinate the deterioration of the fibers.
Pattern cutting, sizing and fit are major issues for the clothing brands. All fashion companies a... more Pattern cutting, sizing and fit are major issues for the clothing brands. All fashion companies are interested on how the product will fit their target customers and this involves making samples that eventually will not look or fit as per the desired design. 3D technology solutions are truly the best to deal with the existing needs of clothing manufacturers in order to diminish the costs and time of the sampling process, to improve the quality and reduce the rejects. In this study, the authors used automation techniques like computer pattern design, computer aided fabric production and 3D Simulation software. Two different fabrics (woven and knitted) were designed and produced. Then their material properties which have to be known by the 3D simulation were determined by official and in-house standards. Finally, 3D visualizations of dresses were created by using pattern and material data of the fabrics. By this study we were able to explain the product development route, from fabric ...
In the present work, a system using data from two sensors located next to the driver and to the m... more In the present work, a system using data from two sensors located next to the driver and to the mass centre of the bus is proposed. Three degrees of discomfort have been used – comfortable, moderately uncomfortable and very uncomfortable. These levels are set out in the questionnaire. A survey was conducted. Respondents were selected between the ages of 14 and 65 and were divided into three age groups – adults, middle-aged and young. Accelerometer systems with MPU-6500 (TDK InvenSense Corp.) sensors are used. A correlation method (CORR) and sequentially improving estimation methods are used for feature selection, which significantly reduce the number of combinations of features obtained. Selected sensor data is entered into feature vectors. These vectors are reduced by principal component analysis. Predictive models have been created that take into account the age of passengers. The use of data from two sensors and separation of the passengers according their age, leads to an increa...
Old textiles are important elements of thecultural heritage. As a result of their composition mos... more Old textiles are important elements of thecultural heritage. As a result of their composition mostly of natural elements old textiles are extremely prone to physical and chemical degradation due to fungal action. The treatments usually applied for the cleaning of heritage textiles target the use of synthetic fungicides, which are potentially harmful to both human health and the environment. Numerous studies highlight as an alternative to the use of conventional antifungals, the employment of essential oils and plant extracts, which are environmentally friendly and which have no adverse effects on human health. Against this background the present study aims to test six essential oils (Lavandula angustifolia, Citrus limon, Mentha piperita, Marjoram, Melaleuca alternifolia, Origanum vulgare) to establish their inhibitory effects against fungi identified on an old piece of traditional Romanian clothing from Maramureş. For the study, the types of fungi present on the objects was determin...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Monitoring the indoor microclimate in old buildings of cultural heritage and significance is a pr... more Monitoring the indoor microclimate in old buildings of cultural heritage and significance is a practice of great importance because of the importance of their identity for local communities and national consciousness. Most aged heritage buildings, especially those made of wood, develop an indoor microclimate conducive to the development of microorganisms. This study aims to analyze one wooden church dating back to the 1710s in Romania from the microclimatic perspective, i.e., temperature and relative humidity and the fungal load of the air and surfaces. One further aim was to determine if the internal microclimate of the monument is favorable for the health of parishioners and visitors, as well as for the integrity of the church itself. The research methodology involved monitoring of the microclimate for a period of nine weeks (November 2020–January 2021) and evaluating the fungal load in indoor air as well as on the surfaces. The results show a very high contamination of air and su...
Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation o... more Poor air quality inside museums is one of the main causes influencing the state of conservation of exhibits. Even if they are mostly placed in a controlled environment because of their construction materials, the exhibits can be very vulnerable to the influence of the internal microclimate. As a consequence, museum exhibits must be protected from potential negative effects. In order to prevent and stop the process of damage of the exhibits, monitoring the main parameters of the microclimate (especially temperature, humidity, and brightness) and keeping them in strict values is extremely important. The present study refers to the investigations and analysis of air quality inside a museum, located in a heritage building, from Romania. The paper focuses on monitoring and analysing temperature of air and walls, relative humidity (RH), CO2, brightness and particulate matters (PM), formaldehyde (HCHO), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). The monitoring was carried out in the Summ...
The heritage woven objects could be analyzed for defects hidden to the naked eye using non-invasi... more The heritage woven objects could be analyzed for defects hidden to the naked eye using non-invasive and non-destructive ultrasonography techniques. Ultrasonography is able to offer information about altered areas, such as gasps, interruptions, discontinuances, narrowed areas, fiber breaks, different densities of the material, defects caused by natural or anthropic factors: improper storage and exposure conditions, the presence of microorganisms and traces of their activity, mechanical causes etc. By recycling of the cotton fibers from other decrepit materials, which are not directly usable, the recondition and rendition of the national and world cultural heritage of these refurbished objects would be accomplished. The impact on the environment is diminished compared to the case when new cotton fibers are created.
Old textiles represent important samples of the mobile cultural heritage, having implications on ... more Old textiles represent important samples of the mobile cultural heritage, having implications on the social and spirituallife of each population. In order to keep them in the best condition, it is necessary to implement methods to preventdamages, but also to rehabilitate and clean the already affected fabrics. In the case of textiles that need to be treated,a fundamental thing is the unaltered preservation of the initial characteristics of the materials, even after theinterventions. The aim of our study is to test the feasibility of a non-invasive alternative to usual chemicals for cleaningtextiles; Chitosan’s antimicrobial and cleaning effects on a pair of Romanian traditional cotton trousers, from Maramuresarea was analyzed. A few images were taken from SEM of untreated and treated fabric with Chitosan solution usingdifferent magnifications, in order to check the changes on the fabric surface. The purpose was to observe if there aresome color changes after Chitosan treatment, so t...
It is important to investigate the indoor air quality, the microbial concentration of indoor air ... more It is important to investigate the indoor air quality, the microbial concentration of indoor air and surfaces for preserving the cultural heritage. In what regards the microclimate inside the historic monument, the wooden church, the temperature and relative humidity were monitored using the thermo-hygrometer with data function logger “Klimalogg Pro” (eight sensors), October-December 2018, the thermos-camera “Thermal Imaging Camera FLIR I7” and “Digi-Sense Data Logging Luxmeter”. Image analysis were also performed using digital image processing techniques (ARCGIS), mapping the areas damaged by temperature, humidity and also by rainwater infiltrated on canvas paintings, biodegradation, anthropically degraded areas etc. Isolation of microorganisms from the two canvas paintings and indoor air were taken though specific method, analyses showing the presence of microorganisms on the paintings, possible human pathogens especially for people with low immunity. A high fidelity database with...
The studied textile object is a traditional female embroidered peasant shirt, old of about 100 ye... more The studied textile object is a traditional female embroidered peasant shirt, old of about 100 years, from a private collection. Bacteria and fungi were assessed through specific methods. Determination of most common fungi and yeasts, consists in: Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp. and Candida spp. These can contribute to the fabric fiber bio-deterioration and, in order to emphasize such aspects, the SEM images obtained from the electronic microscope were analyzed; the contamination with fungi, yeasts and bacteria can also negatively influence the health condition of those who handle such pieces (storage rooms, museums, etc.) and of those who wear such objects (even occasionally). Evidence decontamination was made by treating them with Chitosan.
Digitization of cultural heritage, has started to play a major role in sustainability; also, old ... more Digitization of cultural heritage, has started to play a major role in sustainability; also, old maps investigations can be a valuable source of information. These should be carefully handled by archive workers and those who are studying them, because mycological content can increase both human health and environmental problems. These, together with the conditions in which are stored can deteriorate the composition of the cellulose fibers, respectively the canvas fibers on which are glued. Samples were collected from old maps dating to 1895 and 1910 by specific means and methods in order to investigate their mycological content which revealed the presence of Penicillium ssp and Fusarium spp. Scanning electron microscopy - analysis (SEM) was done for the mentioned materials in order to determinate the deterioration of the fibers.
Pattern cutting, sizing and fit are major issues for the clothing brands. All fashion companies a... more Pattern cutting, sizing and fit are major issues for the clothing brands. All fashion companies are interested on how the product will fit their target customers and this involves making samples that eventually will not look or fit as per the desired design. 3D technology solutions are truly the best to deal with the existing needs of clothing manufacturers in order to diminish the costs and time of the sampling process, to improve the quality and reduce the rejects. In this study, the authors used automation techniques like computer pattern design, computer aided fabric production and 3D Simulation software. Two different fabrics (woven and knitted) were designed and produced. Then their material properties which have to be known by the 3D simulation were determined by official and in-house standards. Finally, 3D visualizations of dresses were created by using pattern and material data of the fabrics. By this study we were able to explain the product development route, from fabric ...
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