Das Hauptziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war die Untersuchung des differentialdiagnostischen Nu... more Das Hauptziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war die Untersuchung des differentialdiagnostischen Nutzens der CERAD neuropsychologischen Testbatterie zur Unterscheidung geriatrischer Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Störung/MCI (n = 345) mit versus ohne depressiver Symptomatik. Alle Analysen wurden doppelt gerechnet (ICD-10-konforme MCI-Definition und amnestische MCI/a-MCI). Die optimalen empirischen Cutoff-Werte und die diagnostische Genauigkeit wurden mittels Receiver Operating Characteristic/ROC-Analysen berechnet. Die Ergebnisse sind abhängig vom verwendeten MCI-Definitionskriterium und bestätigen die differentialdiagnostische Nützlichkeit der CERAD, allerdings ausschließlich bei Verwendung ICD-10-konformer Definitionskriterien (nicht bei a-MCI). Der CERAD-Summenwert differenziert signifikant zwischen MCI-Patienten mit versus ohne depressiver Symptomatik (AUC = .634, p
The mental number line of children is usually assumed to be language-independent; however, this i... more The mental number line of children is usually assumed to be language-independent; however, this independency has not yet been studied. In this cross-cultural study, we examined the influence of language properties on a nonverbal version of the number line task in Italian- and German-speaking first graders. The essential difference between the two languages concerns the inversion property of most German multi-digit numbers (e.g., 48 → “eight-and-forty”), whereas in Italian number-words no inversion is found. The analyses revealed two language-specific differences in the number line task: (a) Generally, the estimates of Italian children were more accurate than those of Austrian children, even when controlling for general cognitive abilities. (b) Italian children performed particularly better when inversion errors led to large estimation errors. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the organization of children’s mental number line is indeed influenced by language properties even in nonverbal settings.
This article focuses on typical trajectories of numerical cognition from infancy all the way thro... more This article focuses on typical trajectories of numerical cognition from infancy all the way through to adulthood (please note that atypical pathways of numerical cognition will be dealt in‘Brain Correlates of Numerical Disabilities’). Despite the fact that developmental imaging studies are still scarce to date there is converging evidence that (1) neural signatures of non-verbal number processing may be observed already in infants; and (2) developmental changes in neural responsivity are characterized by increasing functional specialization of number-relevant frontoparietal brain regions. It has been suggested that age and competence-related modulations of brain activity manifest as an anterior-posterior shift. On the one hand, the recruitment of supporting frontal brain regions decreases, while on the other hand, reliance on number-relevant (fronto-)parietal neural networks increases. Overall, our understanding of the neurocognitive underpinnings of numerical development grew considerably during the last decade. Future research is expected to benefit substantially from the fast technological advances enabling researchers to gain more fine-grained insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of the neural signatures underlying numerical development.
What are the brain correlates of numerical disabilities? To date only few studies have examined t... more What are the brain correlates of numerical disabilities? To date only few studies have examined the neuronal underpinnings of specific numerical learning disabilities like developmental dyscalculia (DD). However, first results provide important insights if and where brains of children diagnosed with DD differ from those of typically achieving peers. Main deficits are apparent in core regions for number processing, which mainly comprise gray, as well as white matter in parietal lobes. Moreover, it already can be demonstrated that brain activation in DD is changing according to learning and intervention. The present chapter will bring together existing puzzle pieces of brain imaging findings in DD, as well as highlight some critical issues that have to be considered when comparing studies including children with DD.
Dieses Kapitel umfasst die umschriebenen Entwicklungsstorungen schulischer Fertigkeiten, von Lese... more Dieses Kapitel umfasst die umschriebenen Entwicklungsstorungen schulischer Fertigkeiten, von Lese-Rechtschreib-Storungen, Rechenstorungen bis zu kombinierten Storungen. Neben Informationen zu Klassifikation, Epidemiologie, Atiologie, Symptomatik, Diagnostik und Therapieverfahren finden sich auch zahlreiche praktische Tipps und Hilfestellungen fur den Alltag in Praxis und Klinik wieder.
Das Hauptziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war die Untersuchung des differentialdiagnostischen Nu... more Das Hauptziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war die Untersuchung des differentialdiagnostischen Nutzens der CERAD neuropsychologischen Testbatterie zur Unterscheidung geriatrischer Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Störung/MCI (n = 345) mit versus ohne depressiver Symptomatik. Alle Analysen wurden doppelt gerechnet (ICD-10-konforme MCI-Definition und amnestische MCI/a-MCI). Die optimalen empirischen Cutoff-Werte und die diagnostische Genauigkeit wurden mittels Receiver Operating Characteristic/ROC-Analysen berechnet. Die Ergebnisse sind abhängig vom verwendeten MCI-Definitionskriterium und bestätigen die differentialdiagnostische Nützlichkeit der CERAD, allerdings ausschließlich bei Verwendung ICD-10-konformer Definitionskriterien (nicht bei a-MCI). Der CERAD-Summenwert differenziert signifikant zwischen MCI-Patienten mit versus ohne depressiver Symptomatik (AUC = .634, p
The mental number line of children is usually assumed to be language-independent; however, this i... more The mental number line of children is usually assumed to be language-independent; however, this independency has not yet been studied. In this cross-cultural study, we examined the influence of language properties on a nonverbal version of the number line task in Italian- and German-speaking first graders. The essential difference between the two languages concerns the inversion property of most German multi-digit numbers (e.g., 48 → “eight-and-forty”), whereas in Italian number-words no inversion is found. The analyses revealed two language-specific differences in the number line task: (a) Generally, the estimates of Italian children were more accurate than those of Austrian children, even when controlling for general cognitive abilities. (b) Italian children performed particularly better when inversion errors led to large estimation errors. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the organization of children’s mental number line is indeed influenced by language properties even in nonverbal settings.
This article focuses on typical trajectories of numerical cognition from infancy all the way thro... more This article focuses on typical trajectories of numerical cognition from infancy all the way through to adulthood (please note that atypical pathways of numerical cognition will be dealt in‘Brain Correlates of Numerical Disabilities’). Despite the fact that developmental imaging studies are still scarce to date there is converging evidence that (1) neural signatures of non-verbal number processing may be observed already in infants; and (2) developmental changes in neural responsivity are characterized by increasing functional specialization of number-relevant frontoparietal brain regions. It has been suggested that age and competence-related modulations of brain activity manifest as an anterior-posterior shift. On the one hand, the recruitment of supporting frontal brain regions decreases, while on the other hand, reliance on number-relevant (fronto-)parietal neural networks increases. Overall, our understanding of the neurocognitive underpinnings of numerical development grew considerably during the last decade. Future research is expected to benefit substantially from the fast technological advances enabling researchers to gain more fine-grained insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of the neural signatures underlying numerical development.
What are the brain correlates of numerical disabilities? To date only few studies have examined t... more What are the brain correlates of numerical disabilities? To date only few studies have examined the neuronal underpinnings of specific numerical learning disabilities like developmental dyscalculia (DD). However, first results provide important insights if and where brains of children diagnosed with DD differ from those of typically achieving peers. Main deficits are apparent in core regions for number processing, which mainly comprise gray, as well as white matter in parietal lobes. Moreover, it already can be demonstrated that brain activation in DD is changing according to learning and intervention. The present chapter will bring together existing puzzle pieces of brain imaging findings in DD, as well as highlight some critical issues that have to be considered when comparing studies including children with DD.
Dieses Kapitel umfasst die umschriebenen Entwicklungsstorungen schulischer Fertigkeiten, von Lese... more Dieses Kapitel umfasst die umschriebenen Entwicklungsstorungen schulischer Fertigkeiten, von Lese-Rechtschreib-Storungen, Rechenstorungen bis zu kombinierten Storungen. Neben Informationen zu Klassifikation, Epidemiologie, Atiologie, Symptomatik, Diagnostik und Therapieverfahren finden sich auch zahlreiche praktische Tipps und Hilfestellungen fur den Alltag in Praxis und Klinik wieder.
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