Physical therapists are uniquely positioned through their knowledge and skills to help people bec... more Physical therapists are uniquely positioned through their knowledge and skills to help people become more physically active, which may reduce the consequences of physical inactivity for health-related quality of life and the global economy. The “Exercise Is Medicine” campaign was introduced in 2007. It holds that exercise may be prescribed like a medicine. Although this analogy doubtlessly has promoted innumerable life-changing conversations between clinicians and patients, there are important shortcomings to considering physical activity and exercise as medicine. In the United States, many of these shortcomings relate to how medical services are provided and remunerated. Medical care is provided in the context of exclusive groups, which are established by insurance, preferred service populations, or other characteristics that determine a basis for providing care. Exclusivity means that medical care is frequently provided in a type of club. The club structure of medical care jeopard...
This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by ex-tending the mo... more This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by ex-tending the more formal model developed by Conway and Houtenville (1998) in-stead of the more traditional “investment ” model. The approach is twofold. In the authors’model, they clarify the publicly provided goods that generate utility for the elderly while recognizing that the tax burden of the elderly is for all publicly pro-vided goods supplied by each state. They also include the effects of growth rates in economic and policy variables during the migration period, which allows them to measure the endogeneity of elderly net in-migration and state expenditure policy. This approach generates intriguing results. In addition to the significance of stan-dard amenity variables, the authors find that state per capita income and the real growth rate of state per capita income have a significant and positive effect on eld-erly net in-migration. They also find significant effects of overall tax burden vari-...
This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-break... more This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-breaking analysis of altruism and envy within the family, to explore hate crimes, also known as bias-motivated crimes. After developing a hate crime economic framework, we make use of a unique data set on hate crime data compiled by the FBI since 1992 to estimate the determinants of hate crimes across states using both a random effects and a fixed effects approach. While there are limitations in the use of bias-motivation crime data in empirical analysis, we are able to uncover interesting and thought-provoking insights into hate crimes which are empirically distinguishable from other crime.
The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of amotivation on academic performance and t... more The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of amotivation on academic performance and to test whether the impact of motivation on academic performance differs across students from China and the U.S. Using data from Chinese and U.S. students located in their home countries, we find amotivation negatively impacts academic performance of both groups of students. We also show that external motivation is positively associated with academic achievement. While these findings are consistent with results from previous studies, we extend the understanding on the relationship between motivation and academic performance by demonstrating that the magnitude of the detrimental impact of amotivation differs between students in the two countries and that the positive impact of higher levels of external motivation provides similar benefits for both groups of students.
ABSTRACT For as long as colleges and universities have been conducting student evaluations of tea... more ABSTRACT For as long as colleges and universities have been conducting student evaluations of teaching (SET), faculty have questioned the validity of the information collected. Substantial effort has been expended to improve the SET process, and researchers have communicated a consistent understanding of why students evaluate teachers as they do. Most of these conclusions have been based on an analysis of SET data gathered at the end of the semester by a sample of students who may not represent all students enrolled in the class. This clearly creates the potential for a sample selection bias that puts into question much of what we have learned about why students evaluate their instructors as they do. In this paper, we gather a unique data set from individual students who provide either online SET forms or in-class SET forms. We use these responses to address the concerns regarding the validity of SET data which results from the low response rates often associated with online SET evaluations. The Heckman (1979) sample selection bias correction estimator is used to quantify the bias resulting from the low online response rate and finds this bias to be negligibly small.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 1994. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leave... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 1994. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [99]-104).
This note reestimates Grossman and Kruegers (1993) SO2 emissions regression including regressors... more This note reestimates Grossman and Kruegers (1993) SO2 emissions regression including regressors to capture the effects of scale, trade and trade policy. Several new results are obtained. Increases in economic activity have a negative effect on the environment separate from changes in per capita income, whose relation to the environment is now positive and linear not inverted- U shaped. The trade policy measure is not significant, but its effect is ambiguous a priori. Finally, in line with specialization patterns based on traditional sources of comparative advantage, pollution rises with the capital abundance of a country (since this favors capital-intensive and generally dirtier industries) and falls with increases in labor and land abundance.
This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by extending the mor... more This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by extending the more formal model developed by Conway and Houtenville (1998) instead of the more traditional “investment” model. The approach is twofold. In the authors' model, they clarify the publicly provided goods that generate utility for the elderly while recognizing that the tax burden of the elderly is for all publicly provided goods supplied by each state. They also include the effects of growth rates in economic and policy variables during the migration period, which allows them to measure the endogeneity of elderly net in-migration and state expenditure policy. This approach generates intriguing results. In addition to the significance of standard amenity variables, the authors find that state per capita income and the real growth rate of state per capita income have a significant and positive effect on elderly net in-migration. They also find significant effects of overall tax burden variab...
... I am grateful to JosC A. MCndez, Hugh Arce and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions... more ... I am grateful to JosC A. MCndez, Hugh Arce and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. I am, however, responsible for any errors. 0953-5314/95/030309-12 01995 The International Input-Output Association Page 2. 310 LR Gale IV ...
This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-break... more This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-breaking analysis of altruism and envy within the family, to explore hate crimes, also known as bias-motivated crimes. After developing a hate crime economic framework, we make use of a unique data set on hate crime data compiled by the FBI since 1992 to estimate the determinants of hate crimes across states using both a random effects and a fixed effects approach. While there are limitations in the use of bias-motivation crime data in empirical analysis, we are able to uncover interesting and thought-provoking insights into hate crimes which are empirically distinguishable from other crime.
Physical therapists are uniquely positioned through their knowledge and skills to help people bec... more Physical therapists are uniquely positioned through their knowledge and skills to help people become more physically active, which may reduce the consequences of physical inactivity for health-related quality of life and the global economy. The “Exercise Is Medicine” campaign was introduced in 2007. It holds that exercise may be prescribed like a medicine. Although this analogy doubtlessly has promoted innumerable life-changing conversations between clinicians and patients, there are important shortcomings to considering physical activity and exercise as medicine. In the United States, many of these shortcomings relate to how medical services are provided and remunerated. Medical care is provided in the context of exclusive groups, which are established by insurance, preferred service populations, or other characteristics that determine a basis for providing care. Exclusivity means that medical care is frequently provided in a type of club. The club structure of medical care jeopard...
This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by ex-tending the mo... more This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by ex-tending the more formal model developed by Conway and Houtenville (1998) in-stead of the more traditional “investment ” model. The approach is twofold. In the authors’model, they clarify the publicly provided goods that generate utility for the elderly while recognizing that the tax burden of the elderly is for all publicly pro-vided goods supplied by each state. They also include the effects of growth rates in economic and policy variables during the migration period, which allows them to measure the endogeneity of elderly net in-migration and state expenditure policy. This approach generates intriguing results. In addition to the significance of stan-dard amenity variables, the authors find that state per capita income and the real growth rate of state per capita income have a significant and positive effect on eld-erly net in-migration. They also find significant effects of overall tax burden vari-...
This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-break... more This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-breaking analysis of altruism and envy within the family, to explore hate crimes, also known as bias-motivated crimes. After developing a hate crime economic framework, we make use of a unique data set on hate crime data compiled by the FBI since 1992 to estimate the determinants of hate crimes across states using both a random effects and a fixed effects approach. While there are limitations in the use of bias-motivation crime data in empirical analysis, we are able to uncover interesting and thought-provoking insights into hate crimes which are empirically distinguishable from other crime.
The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of amotivation on academic performance and t... more The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of amotivation on academic performance and to test whether the impact of motivation on academic performance differs across students from China and the U.S. Using data from Chinese and U.S. students located in their home countries, we find amotivation negatively impacts academic performance of both groups of students. We also show that external motivation is positively associated with academic achievement. While these findings are consistent with results from previous studies, we extend the understanding on the relationship between motivation and academic performance by demonstrating that the magnitude of the detrimental impact of amotivation differs between students in the two countries and that the positive impact of higher levels of external motivation provides similar benefits for both groups of students.
ABSTRACT For as long as colleges and universities have been conducting student evaluations of tea... more ABSTRACT For as long as colleges and universities have been conducting student evaluations of teaching (SET), faculty have questioned the validity of the information collected. Substantial effort has been expended to improve the SET process, and researchers have communicated a consistent understanding of why students evaluate teachers as they do. Most of these conclusions have been based on an analysis of SET data gathered at the end of the semester by a sample of students who may not represent all students enrolled in the class. This clearly creates the potential for a sample selection bias that puts into question much of what we have learned about why students evaluate their instructors as they do. In this paper, we gather a unique data set from individual students who provide either online SET forms or in-class SET forms. We use these responses to address the concerns regarding the validity of SET data which results from the low response rates often associated with online SET evaluations. The Heckman (1979) sample selection bias correction estimator is used to quantify the bias resulting from the low online response rate and finds this bias to be negligibly small.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 1994. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leave... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--Arizona State University, 1994. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [99]-104).
This note reestimates Grossman and Kruegers (1993) SO2 emissions regression including regressors... more This note reestimates Grossman and Kruegers (1993) SO2 emissions regression including regressors to capture the effects of scale, trade and trade policy. Several new results are obtained. Increases in economic activity have a negative effect on the environment separate from changes in per capita income, whose relation to the environment is now positive and linear not inverted- U shaped. The trade policy measure is not significant, but its effect is ambiguous a priori. Finally, in line with specialization patterns based on traditional sources of comparative advantage, pollution rises with the capital abundance of a country (since this favors capital-intensive and generally dirtier industries) and falls with increases in labor and land abundance.
This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by extending the mor... more This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by extending the more formal model developed by Conway and Houtenville (1998) instead of the more traditional “investment” model. The approach is twofold. In the authors' model, they clarify the publicly provided goods that generate utility for the elderly while recognizing that the tax burden of the elderly is for all publicly provided goods supplied by each state. They also include the effects of growth rates in economic and policy variables during the migration period, which allows them to measure the endogeneity of elderly net in-migration and state expenditure policy. This approach generates intriguing results. In addition to the significance of standard amenity variables, the authors find that state per capita income and the real growth rate of state per capita income have a significant and positive effect on elderly net in-migration. They also find significant effects of overall tax burden variab...
... I am grateful to JosC A. MCndez, Hugh Arce and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions... more ... I am grateful to JosC A. MCndez, Hugh Arce and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions. I am, however, responsible for any errors. 0953-5314/95/030309-12 01995 The International Input-Output Association Page 2. 310 LR Gale IV ...
This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-break... more This paper utilizes an established economic framework, grounded in Becker's (1981) path-breaking analysis of altruism and envy within the family, to explore hate crimes, also known as bias-motivated crimes. After developing a hate crime economic framework, we make use of a unique data set on hate crime data compiled by the FBI since 1992 to estimate the determinants of hate crimes across states using both a random effects and a fixed effects approach. While there are limitations in the use of bias-motivation crime data in empirical analysis, we are able to uncover interesting and thought-provoking insights into hate crimes which are empirically distinguishable from other crime.
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