Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates... more Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates several neurotransmitters in the brain and impairs executive function. Non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are promising treatments for nicotine dependence. We investigated the efficacy and acceptability of NIBS in managing smoking cessation through a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of NIBS for smoking cessation. All pairwise meta‐analyses and NMA procedures were conducted using random‐effects and frequentist models. The co‐primary outcomes were (1) the change in number of cigarettes smoked per day (change in frequency of smoking) in patients with nicotine dependence after NIBS and (2) acceptability (the dropout rate). The effect sizes for co‐primary outcomes of change in frequency of smoking and acceptability were assessed according to standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio, respectively.ResultsTwelve RCTs with 710 participants (mean age: 44.2 years, 31.2% female) were included. Compared with the sham control, 10‐Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with the largest changes in smoking frequency [SMD = −1.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = −1.77 to −0.66]. The 2‐mA bifrontal tDCS (SMD = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.62) and 10‐Hz deep rTMS over the bilateral DLPFC with cue provocation (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI = −1.20 to −0.34) were associated with a significantly larger decrease in smoking frequency versus the sham. None of the investigated NIBSs was associated with dropout rates significantly different from those of the sham control groups.ConclusionPrefrontal non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions appear to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked with good acceptability.
Gaze is an important social cue and can easily capture attention. Our preference judgment is bias... more Gaze is an important social cue and can easily capture attention. Our preference judgment is biased by others' gaze; that is, we prefer objects gazed by happy or neutral faces and dislike objects gazed by disgust faces. Since patients with depression have a negative bias in emotional perception, we hypothesized that they may have different preference judgment on the gazed objects than healthy controls. Twenty-one patients with major depressive disorder and 21 healthy age-matched controls completed an object categorization task and then rated their preference on those objects. In the categorization task, a schematic face either gazed toward or away from the to-be-categorized object. The results showed that both groups categorized faster for gazed objects than non-gazed objects, suggesting that patients did not have deficits on their attention to gaze cues. Nevertheless, healthy controls preferred gazed objects more than non-gazed objects, while patients did not have significant preference. Our result indic...
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology a... more Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanism across major psychiatric disorders. “Inflammation theory” might not be the full answer for the big picture of mental disorders, but it might explain the high occurrence of somatic symptoms and comorbidity of physical illness in certain subtypes of the heterogeneous groups. Nutritional psychiatric research has been expanding in the past two decades. Epidemiological studies showed that nutritional deficiency has been associated with an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, while nutritional supplementation has been shown to reduce or even play a role in the prevention of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, inflammatory regulation has been suggested to be the possible link between nutritional supplementation and psychiatric disorders. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to discuss the role of nutritional supplementations, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and prebiotics/probiotics, in two commonly seen psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with inflammatory regulation as the shared mechanism.
Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates... more Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates several neurotransmitters in the brain and impairs executive function. Non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are promising treatments for nicotine dependence. We investigated the efficacy and acceptability of NIBS in managing smoking cessation through a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of NIBS for smoking cessation. All pairwise meta‐analyses and NMA procedures were conducted using random‐effects and frequentist models. The co‐primary outcomes were (1) the change in number of cigarettes smoked per day (change in frequency of smoking) in patients with nicotine dependence after NIBS and (2) acceptability (the dropout rate). The effect sizes for co‐primary outcomes of change in frequency of smoking and acceptability were assessed according to standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio, respectively.ResultsTwelve RCTs with 710 participants (mean age: 44.2 years, 31.2% female) were included. Compared with the sham control, 10‐Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with the largest changes in smoking frequency [SMD = −1.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = −1.77 to −0.66]. The 2‐mA bifrontal tDCS (SMD = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.62) and 10‐Hz deep rTMS over the bilateral DLPFC with cue provocation (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI = −1.20 to −0.34) were associated with a significantly larger decrease in smoking frequency versus the sham. None of the investigated NIBSs was associated with dropout rates significantly different from those of the sham control groups.ConclusionPrefrontal non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions appear to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked with good acceptability.
Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates... more Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates several neurotransmitters in the brain and impairs executive function. Non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are promising treatments for nicotine dependence. We investigated the efficacy and acceptability of NIBS in managing smoking cessation through a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of NIBS for smoking cessation. All pairwise meta‐analyses and NMA procedures were conducted using random‐effects and frequentist models. The co‐primary outcomes were (1) the change in number of cigarettes smoked per day (change in frequency of smoking) in patients with nicotine dependence after NIBS and (2) acceptability (the dropout rate). The effect sizes for co‐primary outcomes of change in frequency of smoking and acceptability were assessed according to standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio, respectively.ResultsTwelve RCTs with 710 participants (mean age: 44.2 years, 31.2% female) were included. Compared with the sham control, 10‐Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with the largest changes in smoking frequency [SMD = −1.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = −1.77 to −0.66]. The 2‐mA bifrontal tDCS (SMD = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.62) and 10‐Hz deep rTMS over the bilateral DLPFC with cue provocation (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI = −1.20 to −0.34) were associated with a significantly larger decrease in smoking frequency versus the sham. None of the investigated NIBSs was associated with dropout rates significantly different from those of the sham control groups.ConclusionPrefrontal non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions appear to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked with good acceptability.
Gaze is an important social cue and can easily capture attention. Our preference judgment is bias... more Gaze is an important social cue and can easily capture attention. Our preference judgment is biased by others' gaze; that is, we prefer objects gazed by happy or neutral faces and dislike objects gazed by disgust faces. Since patients with depression have a negative bias in emotional perception, we hypothesized that they may have different preference judgment on the gazed objects than healthy controls. Twenty-one patients with major depressive disorder and 21 healthy age-matched controls completed an object categorization task and then rated their preference on those objects. In the categorization task, a schematic face either gazed toward or away from the to-be-categorized object. The results showed that both groups categorized faster for gazed objects than non-gazed objects, suggesting that patients did not have deficits on their attention to gaze cues. Nevertheless, healthy controls preferred gazed objects more than non-gazed objects, while patients did not have significant preference. Our result indic...
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology a... more Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanism across major psychiatric disorders. “Inflammation theory” might not be the full answer for the big picture of mental disorders, but it might explain the high occurrence of somatic symptoms and comorbidity of physical illness in certain subtypes of the heterogeneous groups. Nutritional psychiatric research has been expanding in the past two decades. Epidemiological studies showed that nutritional deficiency has been associated with an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, while nutritional supplementation has been shown to reduce or even play a role in the prevention of psychiatric disorders. Moreover, inflammatory regulation has been suggested to be the possible link between nutritional supplementation and psychiatric disorders. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to discuss the role of nutritional supplementations, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and prebiotics/probiotics, in two commonly seen psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with inflammatory regulation as the shared mechanism.
Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates... more Background and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates several neurotransmitters in the brain and impairs executive function. Non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are promising treatments for nicotine dependence. We investigated the efficacy and acceptability of NIBS in managing smoking cessation through a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of NIBS for smoking cessation. All pairwise meta‐analyses and NMA procedures were conducted using random‐effects and frequentist models. The co‐primary outcomes were (1) the change in number of cigarettes smoked per day (change in frequency of smoking) in patients with nicotine dependence after NIBS and (2) acceptability (the dropout rate). The effect sizes for co‐primary outcomes of change in frequency of smoking and acceptability were assessed according to standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio, respectively.ResultsTwelve RCTs with 710 participants (mean age: 44.2 years, 31.2% female) were included. Compared with the sham control, 10‐Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with the largest changes in smoking frequency [SMD = −1.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = −1.77 to −0.66]. The 2‐mA bifrontal tDCS (SMD = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.62) and 10‐Hz deep rTMS over the bilateral DLPFC with cue provocation (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI = −1.20 to −0.34) were associated with a significantly larger decrease in smoking frequency versus the sham. None of the investigated NIBSs was associated with dropout rates significantly different from those of the sham control groups.ConclusionPrefrontal non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions appear to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked with good acceptability.
Uploads
Papers by Kuan-pin Su