Background The current review broadly summarises the evidence base for pharmacotherapies and adju... more Background The current review broadly summarises the evidence base for pharmacotherapies and adjunctive and alternative therapies in the treatment of eating disorders and disordered eating. Methods This paper forms part of a Rapid Review series examining the evidence base in the field of eating disorders. This was conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2030. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for included studies published between 2009 and 2021 in English. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and randomised control trials were prioritised, and grey literature excluded. Data from included studies relating to pharmacotherapy, and to adjunctive and alternative therapies in eating disorders, were synthesised and disseminated in the current review. Results A total of 121 studies were identified, relating to pharmacotherapy (n = 90), adjunctive therapies (n = 21) and alternative th...
Background Risk factors represent a range of complex variables associated with the onset, develop... more Background Risk factors represent a range of complex variables associated with the onset, development, and course of eating disorders. Understanding these risk factors is vital for the refinement of aetiological models, which may inform the development of targeted, evidence-based prevention, early intervention, and treatment programs. This Rapid Review aimed to identify and summarise research studies conducted within the last 12 years, focusing on risk factors associated with eating disorders. Methods The current review forms part of a series of Rapid Reviews to be published in a special issue in the Journal of Eating Disorders, funded by the Australian Government to inform the development of the National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031. Three databases were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2021, published in English, and comprising high-level evidence studies (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, moderately sized randomised controlled studie...
Background The nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished patients hospitalised with anorexia ner... more Background The nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished patients hospitalised with anorexia nervosa is essential. The provision of adequate nutrition must occur, while simultaneously, minimising the risk of refeeding complications, such as electrolyte, metabolic, and organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of an iso-caloric lower carbohydrate/high fat enteral formula (28% carbohydrate, 56% fat) against a standard enteral formula (54% carbohydrate, 29% fat). Methods Patients (aged 15–25 years) hospitalised with anorexia nervosa were recruited into this double blinded randomised controlled trial. An interim analysis was completed at midpoint, when 24 participants, mean age 17.5 years (± 1.1), had been randomly allocated to lower carbohydrate/high fat (n = 14) or standard (n = 10) feeds. Results At baseline, there was no significant difference in degree of malnutrition, medical instability, history of purging or serum phosphate levels between t...
Background Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses... more Background Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses. The mortality rate of EDs is significantly elevated compared to other psychiatric conditions, primarily due to medical complications and suicide. The current rapid review aimed to summarise the literature and identify gaps in knowledge relating to any psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders. Methods This paper forms part of a rapid review) series scoping the evidence base for the field of EDs, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for English-language studies focused on the psychiatric and medical comorbidities of EDs, published between 2009 and 2021. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Control Trials were prioritised. Results A total of 202 studies were...
In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of neuroimaging techniques to explor... more In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of neuroimaging techniques to explore the structural and functional brain changes that take place in those with eating disorders. However, to date, the majority of research has focused on patients with anorexia nervosa. This systematic review addresses a gap in the literature by providing an examination of the published literature on the neurobiology of individuals who binge eat; specifically, individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, PsycInfo, Medline and Web of Science, and additional hand searches through reference lists. 1,003 papers were identified in the database search. Published studies were included if they were an original research paper written in English; studied humans only; used samples of participants with a diagnosed eating disorder characterised by recurrent binge eating; included a healthy con...
A study is described in which patients in three diagnostic groups were compared in an effort to d... more A study is described in which patients in three diagnostic groups were compared in an effort to delineate features of tardive anorexia (late onset anorexia nervosa). There were 18 patients in each diagnostic group. Patients with “classical” anorexia nervosa of less than 5 years duration were compared with patients older than 25 who had been chronically ill for more than 5 years and with those in whom the symptoms had begun de novo after the age of 25. Statistically significant differences were found to distinguish the third group as a distinct diagnostic entity. The association of loss precipitants and depressive symptoms has practical implications in the management of true anorexia tardive.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, May 1, 1992
ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during tre... more ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during treatment has been attributed to the increase in body weight. The body weight and creatinine clearance of 72 anorexia nervosa and 10 bulimia nervosa patients were studied during inpatient treatment. The anorexia nervosa patients gained an average of 4.5 kg, while the body weight of the bulimia nervosa patients was unchanged. Both groups showed a similar increase in weight-corrected creatinine clearance. The increase in creatinine clearance of eating disorder patients is associated with the cessation of the abnormal weight-controlling behaviors rather than weight gain.
The purpose of this single case study of a bulimic patient was to replicate and incorporate certa... more The purpose of this single case study of a bulimic patient was to replicate and incorporate certain elements of bulimic behavior, namely fasting, carbohydrate loading, vomiting, and binge eating, into the glucose tolerance test in order to observe the effects of these modifications on plasma insulin, noradrenalin, and cortisol. The most striking finding was that of potentiation of insulin secretion in response to a glucose load most marked after the subject had engaged in binging and vomiting. The results support the hypothesis that engagement in bulimic behaviors induces higher plasma insulin levels and that this precipitates a behavioral vicious cycle with associated mood changes. Other applications of this experimental model are discussed.
The International journal of eating disorders, 2012
To conduct a bibliometric analysis of eating disorder journals to guide journal readers and resea... more To conduct a bibliometric analysis of eating disorder journals to guide journal readers and researchers when submitting their manuscripts. Several indices were used to compare journal impact and citations of articles appearing between 1996 and 2010 in six eating disorders journals and six leading general psychiatry journals. The International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) had the highest journal impact factor (JIF, 2.278) of the six eating disorders' journals. The general psychiatry journals had higher JIFs and received more citations per eating disorder article than the specialized journals. However, IJED published the highest number of eating disorder articles between 1996 and 2010, and 35 of these articles received at least 100 citations. Using the JIF alone to decide where to submit a manuscript is a poor strategy, as this does not take into consideration the impact an article can have within the eating disorder's field over time.
The International journal of eating disorders, 1998
To investigate attentional biases for body shape and weight-related stimulus words among subjects... more To investigate attentional biases for body shape and weight-related stimulus words among subjects with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and control subjects classified using a measure of dietary restraint. A visual probe detection task was used to assess attention toward stimulus words reflecting either a thin or a large physique and positively or negatively valenced emotion words. In comparison to controls, subjects with eating disorders detected target probes more slowly when they appeared in the same location as had stimulus words connoting a thin physique. In addition, there was a trend toward faster detection or target probes that appeared in the same location as had stimulus words connoting a large physique. Neither of these effects were observed among restrained eaters. Our results extend prior work suggesting information-processing biases for body shape and weight-related stimuli among persons with eating disorders.
In the recent literature on eating disorders, little attention is usually given to the possible r... more In the recent literature on eating disorders, little attention is usually given to the possible role played by heightened death fears and anxieties and failed death transcendence in the dynamics of patients who suffer from anorexia and bulimia nervosa. For reasons that remain unclear, early texts and articles in the literature do address death themes, particularly as they are discernible from patients' dreams and nightmares. Thomä's 1967 text Anorexia Nervosa may be interpreted as giving further illustration to this thesis.
ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during tre... more ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during treatment has been attributed to the increase in body weight. The body weight and creatinine clearance of 72 anorexia nervosa and 10 bulimia nervosa patients were studied during inpatient treatment. The anorexia nervosa patients gained an average of 4.5 kg, while the body weight of the bulimia nervosa patients was unchanged. Both groups showed a similar increase in weight-corrected creatinine clearance. The increase in creatinine clearance of eating disorder patients is associated with the cessation of the abnormal weight-controlling behaviors rather than weight gain.
Background The current review broadly summarises the evidence base for pharmacotherapies and adju... more Background The current review broadly summarises the evidence base for pharmacotherapies and adjunctive and alternative therapies in the treatment of eating disorders and disordered eating. Methods This paper forms part of a Rapid Review series examining the evidence base in the field of eating disorders. This was conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2030. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for included studies published between 2009 and 2021 in English. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and randomised control trials were prioritised, and grey literature excluded. Data from included studies relating to pharmacotherapy, and to adjunctive and alternative therapies in eating disorders, were synthesised and disseminated in the current review. Results A total of 121 studies were identified, relating to pharmacotherapy (n = 90), adjunctive therapies (n = 21) and alternative th...
Background Risk factors represent a range of complex variables associated with the onset, develop... more Background Risk factors represent a range of complex variables associated with the onset, development, and course of eating disorders. Understanding these risk factors is vital for the refinement of aetiological models, which may inform the development of targeted, evidence-based prevention, early intervention, and treatment programs. This Rapid Review aimed to identify and summarise research studies conducted within the last 12 years, focusing on risk factors associated with eating disorders. Methods The current review forms part of a series of Rapid Reviews to be published in a special issue in the Journal of Eating Disorders, funded by the Australian Government to inform the development of the National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031. Three databases were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2021, published in English, and comprising high-level evidence studies (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, moderately sized randomised controlled studie...
Background The nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished patients hospitalised with anorexia ner... more Background The nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished patients hospitalised with anorexia nervosa is essential. The provision of adequate nutrition must occur, while simultaneously, minimising the risk of refeeding complications, such as electrolyte, metabolic, and organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of an iso-caloric lower carbohydrate/high fat enteral formula (28% carbohydrate, 56% fat) against a standard enteral formula (54% carbohydrate, 29% fat). Methods Patients (aged 15–25 years) hospitalised with anorexia nervosa were recruited into this double blinded randomised controlled trial. An interim analysis was completed at midpoint, when 24 participants, mean age 17.5 years (± 1.1), had been randomly allocated to lower carbohydrate/high fat (n = 14) or standard (n = 10) feeds. Results At baseline, there was no significant difference in degree of malnutrition, medical instability, history of purging or serum phosphate levels between t...
Background Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses... more Background Eating disorders (EDs) are potentially severe, complex, and life-threatening illnesses. The mortality rate of EDs is significantly elevated compared to other psychiatric conditions, primarily due to medical complications and suicide. The current rapid review aimed to summarise the literature and identify gaps in knowledge relating to any psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders. Methods This paper forms part of a rapid review) series scoping the evidence base for the field of EDs, conducted to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded and released by the Australian Government. ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline were searched for English-language studies focused on the psychiatric and medical comorbidities of EDs, published between 2009 and 2021. High-level evidence such as meta-analyses, large population studies and Randomised Control Trials were prioritised. Results A total of 202 studies were...
In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of neuroimaging techniques to explor... more In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of neuroimaging techniques to explore the structural and functional brain changes that take place in those with eating disorders. However, to date, the majority of research has focused on patients with anorexia nervosa. This systematic review addresses a gap in the literature by providing an examination of the published literature on the neurobiology of individuals who binge eat; specifically, individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, PsycInfo, Medline and Web of Science, and additional hand searches through reference lists. 1,003 papers were identified in the database search. Published studies were included if they were an original research paper written in English; studied humans only; used samples of participants with a diagnosed eating disorder characterised by recurrent binge eating; included a healthy con...
A study is described in which patients in three diagnostic groups were compared in an effort to d... more A study is described in which patients in three diagnostic groups were compared in an effort to delineate features of tardive anorexia (late onset anorexia nervosa). There were 18 patients in each diagnostic group. Patients with “classical” anorexia nervosa of less than 5 years duration were compared with patients older than 25 who had been chronically ill for more than 5 years and with those in whom the symptoms had begun de novo after the age of 25. Statistically significant differences were found to distinguish the third group as a distinct diagnostic entity. The association of loss precipitants and depressive symptoms has practical implications in the management of true anorexia tardive.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, May 1, 1992
ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during tre... more ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during treatment has been attributed to the increase in body weight. The body weight and creatinine clearance of 72 anorexia nervosa and 10 bulimia nervosa patients were studied during inpatient treatment. The anorexia nervosa patients gained an average of 4.5 kg, while the body weight of the bulimia nervosa patients was unchanged. Both groups showed a similar increase in weight-corrected creatinine clearance. The increase in creatinine clearance of eating disorder patients is associated with the cessation of the abnormal weight-controlling behaviors rather than weight gain.
The purpose of this single case study of a bulimic patient was to replicate and incorporate certa... more The purpose of this single case study of a bulimic patient was to replicate and incorporate certain elements of bulimic behavior, namely fasting, carbohydrate loading, vomiting, and binge eating, into the glucose tolerance test in order to observe the effects of these modifications on plasma insulin, noradrenalin, and cortisol. The most striking finding was that of potentiation of insulin secretion in response to a glucose load most marked after the subject had engaged in binging and vomiting. The results support the hypothesis that engagement in bulimic behaviors induces higher plasma insulin levels and that this precipitates a behavioral vicious cycle with associated mood changes. Other applications of this experimental model are discussed.
The International journal of eating disorders, 2012
To conduct a bibliometric analysis of eating disorder journals to guide journal readers and resea... more To conduct a bibliometric analysis of eating disorder journals to guide journal readers and researchers when submitting their manuscripts. Several indices were used to compare journal impact and citations of articles appearing between 1996 and 2010 in six eating disorders journals and six leading general psychiatry journals. The International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) had the highest journal impact factor (JIF, 2.278) of the six eating disorders' journals. The general psychiatry journals had higher JIFs and received more citations per eating disorder article than the specialized journals. However, IJED published the highest number of eating disorder articles between 1996 and 2010, and 35 of these articles received at least 100 citations. Using the JIF alone to decide where to submit a manuscript is a poor strategy, as this does not take into consideration the impact an article can have within the eating disorder's field over time.
The International journal of eating disorders, 1998
To investigate attentional biases for body shape and weight-related stimulus words among subjects... more To investigate attentional biases for body shape and weight-related stimulus words among subjects with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and control subjects classified using a measure of dietary restraint. A visual probe detection task was used to assess attention toward stimulus words reflecting either a thin or a large physique and positively or negatively valenced emotion words. In comparison to controls, subjects with eating disorders detected target probes more slowly when they appeared in the same location as had stimulus words connoting a thin physique. In addition, there was a trend toward faster detection or target probes that appeared in the same location as had stimulus words connoting a large physique. Neither of these effects were observed among restrained eaters. Our results extend prior work suggesting information-processing biases for body shape and weight-related stimuli among persons with eating disorders.
In the recent literature on eating disorders, little attention is usually given to the possible r... more In the recent literature on eating disorders, little attention is usually given to the possible role played by heightened death fears and anxieties and failed death transcendence in the dynamics of patients who suffer from anorexia and bulimia nervosa. For reasons that remain unclear, early texts and articles in the literature do address death themes, particularly as they are discernible from patients' dreams and nightmares. Thomä's 1967 text Anorexia Nervosa may be interpreted as giving further illustration to this thesis.
ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during tre... more ABSTRACT The improvement in renal clearance of creatinine in anorexia nervosa patients during treatment has been attributed to the increase in body weight. The body weight and creatinine clearance of 72 anorexia nervosa and 10 bulimia nervosa patients were studied during inpatient treatment. The anorexia nervosa patients gained an average of 4.5 kg, while the body weight of the bulimia nervosa patients was unchanged. Both groups showed a similar increase in weight-corrected creatinine clearance. The increase in creatinine clearance of eating disorder patients is associated with the cessation of the abnormal weight-controlling behaviors rather than weight gain.
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Papers by Janice Russell