Введение: сфокусированность внимания представителей социально-психологической науки на проблеме р... more Введение: сфокусированность внимания представителей социально-психологической науки на проблеме радикализации объясняется социальным запросом на профилактику данного явления в подростково-молодежной среде. Разработка инструментов оценки риска радикализации являет собой очень важный инструмент ранней диагностики. Цель: теоретико-аналитическое исследование с целью критического анализа существующих моделей оценки риска радикализации. Результаты: значительное внимание в работе уделено анализу инструментов оценки риска радикализации, которые используются в пенитенциарных системах ряда стран. Кроме того, обсуждаются модели оценки риска в более широкой популяции. Выводы: критический анализ существующих моделей радикализации позволяет прийти к заключению о необходимости рассмотрения процесса радикализации через призму такой теоретической традиции, которая была бы адекватна изучению самого феномена (радикализация, будучи процессом легитимизации терроризма, понимается как явление, происходяще...
The demands of practice for the development of radicalisation risk assessment tools are still ahe... more The demands of practice for the development of radicalisation risk assessment tools are still ahead of the capabilities of psychological science. An analysis of radicalisation risk assessment models used predominantly in the penitentiary systems of several countries suggests that these tools are controversial, hence the need for further theoretical reflection and experimental testing. The aim of the theoretical and analytical study outlined here is to formulate the key components of a model for assessing the risk of radicalisation in adolescent and young adult environments. Critical analysis of risk assessment models and social psychological theories of radicalisation allowed to demonstrate the advantages of M. Hogg’s uncertainty-identity theory in comparison with other explanatory concepts. Following the ideas of the uncertainty-identity theory several hypotheses were proposed in order to assess the radicalisation risk among adolescents and young people.
International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE)
Body is a complex and polymorphic object that lies at the intersection of a number of dimensions:... more Body is a complex and polymorphic object that lies at the intersection of a number of dimensions: natural-social-cultural; individual-social; body-soul; flesh-spirit; private-public; visible-invisible; decent-indecent; real-virtual; health-illness. If the body is in the heart of psychological research, lay thinking analysis rests somewhat in the shadow of this research line. Following the ideas of the social representations theory, the aim of study was to reveal how the body was represented in groups of young and older Russian women. A total sample consisted of 314 Russian females (N=258 females formed the group of young females from 18 to 25 years old, Mage=19.73, SDage =1.56; N=56 females formed the group of older females aged from 39 to 55 years old, Mage=45.63, SDage =4.68). The snowball technique was used in order to recruit the participants, they were invited to fulfil the online questionnaire. A free-association technique was used. The data were analysed by using prototypical...
Problem. The problem of norms and norms violation has a long research history in scientific think... more Problem. The problem of norms and norms violation has a long research history in scientific thinking. Lay thinking analysis rests in the shadow of this research line; although in the modern world people are actively involved in the construction of lay theories about various phenomena and they use this knowledge in daily life. Aim. Following the ideas of the social representations theory, the aim of the exploratory study was to analyse the lay theories developed by young Russian adults about norms and norms violation. Method. 134 young adults participated in the study, 26.12% males (aged 18 — 28 years, M=21.01years, SD =2.23). 71.6% participants were students of social sciences from Moscow Universities. A free-association technique was used. The data were analysed by using prototypical analysis. Results. The particularity of lay thinking about norms and norms violation was revealed. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that norms are not equated with laws, while norms violation is ...
Premature death caused by self-murder is one of the most serious problems of public health in the... more Premature death caused by self-murder is one of the most serious problems of public health in the world. About one million people disappear for this reason each year, and the further estimations are quite pessimistic. There are no doubts that the current situation is extremely serious and complex; as a result, the importance of the further development and realization of the preventive measures is obvious. Each preventive program in the field of public health should be based on the results of social psychological studies concerning the problem. In the presented paper, we discuss the results of the exploratory study based on the ideas of the social representations theory. The objective of the exploratory study was to analyze the specificity of the social representations of self-murder and self-murderers in two groups of young Russians. A total of 106 subjects (67 females and 39 males) aged 18 to 35 participated in the study. It was supposed that the social representation of self-murd...
The stigmatisation of mentally ill people is discussed in the article; the social representations... more The stigmatisation of mentally ill people is discussed in the article; the social representations theory is seen as one of the most productive among the different models of stigmatisation. The strategies of destigmatisation are also discussed in the article.
Since the development of the theory of social representations (Moscovici, 1961/1976), many studie... more Since the development of the theory of social representations (Moscovici, 1961/1976), many studies have focused on health-related objects. Although the social representation of health has already been studied through a socio-genetic/anthropological approach (Herzlich, 1969), it has never been studied in relation to the central core theory (Abric, 1994). Health is a complex and composite object, but it is also normative and normalised. The aim of this research was to underline the representational content of such an object of social representation. To do so, 120 participants took part in the study. They were asked to complete a verbal association task and the data were processed by using both rank-frequency processing and importance-frequency processing as well as similarity analysis. Findings showed an impact of the method on the centrality hypothesis. Well-being and (absence of) illness appeared as the central elements in the case of rank-frequency processing, while only well-being...
The problem of the information security of children is discussed in the presented paper. A specia... more The problem of the information security of children is discussed in the presented paper. A special attention is paid to the Internet as a risk source. The article gives evidence to the importance of the analysis of the so called lay thinking about the information security of children. The presented study is based on the social representations theory proposed by S.Moscovici. The total of the study is 136 people (parents and teachers), aged from 21 to 62 years old. We supposed that the lay thinking about the information security in groups of parents and teachers was formed on two main themes - about the threats and about the ways to manage these threats. Also we supposed that parents and teachers had similar thinking about the threats but differed in their thinking about the way to manage the threat. The suppositions got partial empirical support.
The characteristics of representations of young people about alcohol and drug abuse are analyzed ... more The characteristics of representations of young people about alcohol and drug abuse are analyzed in the article. The authors reveal the key elements of the representations of alcoholism and drug abuse, discuss their differences and similarities.
The aim of the study was to identify the particularities of the defense behavior mechanisms among... more The aim of the study was to identify the particularities of the defense behavior mechanisms among convicted for terrorist and extremist activities. A total of 469 convicts (351-for terrorist activities, 118 - for extremist activities) participated in the study. Life Style Index was used in order to reveal the defense mechanisms. The results allow us to talk about five types of defense: 1) dominance of projection and compensation defense mechanisms as means against the awareness of the negative and unacceptable personality qualities; 2) dominance of compensation in the profile indicates the desire to overcome a strong sense of inferiority; 3) dominance of reaction formation where unacceptable unconscious content is overcome by strengthening and development of exaggerated opposite trends; 4) dominance of intellectualization, where is the real action to remedy the anxiety and fears, the individual formulates an abstract of judgment, trying to get rid of one’s frustration; 5) dominance ...
The paper focuses on a social psychological analysis of the effects of new technologies on the in... more The paper focuses on a social psychological analysis of the effects of new technologies on the individual and his/her social experience. Among the impacts of social media on everyday life are the transformation and simplification of communication process, as well as the transformation of power relations and norms associated with this process. Participants of communication process have various opportunities to maintain anonymity, to construct and modify identities, and to interrupt and or even to terminate communication process at any time. The literature review reveals the negative side of the Internet use and demonstrates antinormative phenomena. The explanations of aggressive online behaviour, as well as the attempts to predict offline behaviour from online observations, are based on a wide range of interindividual constructs. However, these studies are mostly descriptive. The paper highlights the potential of social psychological knowledge (social cognitive theory, social represe...
The key question in this article is how children and adolescents understand health. This period a... more The key question in this article is how children and adolescents understand health. This period attracts a particular interest because the social practice towards health and illness as well as attitudes towards risk and risk behaviour are formed at that time. The productivity of the theory of social representations applied to the field of health and illness is discussed. The exploratory study in groups of children and adolescents on the representations of health and illness is presented here. A total of 633 subjects (333 children (aged 8 years old) and 300 adolescents (aged 13 years old) participated in a study. The study is based on the structural approach of the theory of social representations. The opposition «health»—«illness» is important in case of representations of health in children; its importance is decreasing with age. The key elements of the representation of health in adolescents are the actions to maintain health. The representation in case of children is less shared ...
The focus of attention of the authors is the consideration of information security of children an... more The focus of attention of the authors is the consideration of information security of children and adolescents as the object of social representations. Discusses the need for the theory of social representations to develop prophylactic and preventive programs in the field of information security of children and adolescents, in particular, says that the effectiveness of prevention and preventive programs is determined by how this information is understood by the target group, through what filters it passes. Briefly outlines the main provisions of the theory of social representations, discusses the functions of social representations, the mechanism of action ideas. Analyzed in a few studies, the focus of which was the presentation on new technologies, particularly mobile phones and the Internet. Presents the results of a series of studies devoted to the study of information security of children and adolescents, including the results of the first part of a research project dedicated to...
Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individ... more Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one’s location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries’ better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on pr...
The article analyzes research on the spread of extremist ideology in prisons and uses the theory ... more The article analyzes research on the spread of extremist ideology in prisons and uses the theory of social identity to understand the mechanism of radicalization in conditions of isolation. The urgency of addressing this problem is explained by the fact that since the events of September 11, 2001, it is the radicalization in prisons that has turned into a serious threat to the security of different countries. In addition measures to counter terrorism necessarily rely on knowledge of the psychological laws by which radicalization occurs; equally, like the development of preventive measures aimed at convicts as well as the creation of deradicalization programs, are based on an understanding of the mechanisms of social behavior. The focus of the work is on the concept of modern terrorism proposed by J. Baudrillard, the problem of radicalization and the spread of the ideology of extremism in prisons is studied, the importance of social identity in connection with the process of radicali...
The purpose of the article is twofold: 1) to argue about utility and advantages of the social rep... more The purpose of the article is twofold: 1) to argue about utility and advantages of the social representational perspective applied to the field of health and illness in case of children, 2) to discuss the potential and fertility of cultural-historical psychology for the development of the theory of social representations (SRs). The studies concerning the children’s understanding of health and illness are analysed. The limitations of the perspective to study mental representations of health and illness are revealed. The relevance and thepotential of the theory of SRs on the problem of children’s understanding of health and illness are discussed. The article reviews the four main theoretical approaches to SRs analysis. It is highlighted that genesis of the SRs is a zone of proximal development (or better to say zona blizhaishego razvitia) of the theory of SRs. The final part of the article dwells on the main points of the cultural-historical psychology in order to reveal some insights...
The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological know... more The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of furthe...
Введение: сфокусированность внимания представителей социально-психологической науки на проблеме р... more Введение: сфокусированность внимания представителей социально-психологической науки на проблеме радикализации объясняется социальным запросом на профилактику данного явления в подростково-молодежной среде. Разработка инструментов оценки риска радикализации являет собой очень важный инструмент ранней диагностики. Цель: теоретико-аналитическое исследование с целью критического анализа существующих моделей оценки риска радикализации. Результаты: значительное внимание в работе уделено анализу инструментов оценки риска радикализации, которые используются в пенитенциарных системах ряда стран. Кроме того, обсуждаются модели оценки риска в более широкой популяции. Выводы: критический анализ существующих моделей радикализации позволяет прийти к заключению о необходимости рассмотрения процесса радикализации через призму такой теоретической традиции, которая была бы адекватна изучению самого феномена (радикализация, будучи процессом легитимизации терроризма, понимается как явление, происходяще...
The demands of practice for the development of radicalisation risk assessment tools are still ahe... more The demands of practice for the development of radicalisation risk assessment tools are still ahead of the capabilities of psychological science. An analysis of radicalisation risk assessment models used predominantly in the penitentiary systems of several countries suggests that these tools are controversial, hence the need for further theoretical reflection and experimental testing. The aim of the theoretical and analytical study outlined here is to formulate the key components of a model for assessing the risk of radicalisation in adolescent and young adult environments. Critical analysis of risk assessment models and social psychological theories of radicalisation allowed to demonstrate the advantages of M. Hogg’s uncertainty-identity theory in comparison with other explanatory concepts. Following the ideas of the uncertainty-identity theory several hypotheses were proposed in order to assess the radicalisation risk among adolescents and young people.
International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE)
Body is a complex and polymorphic object that lies at the intersection of a number of dimensions:... more Body is a complex and polymorphic object that lies at the intersection of a number of dimensions: natural-social-cultural; individual-social; body-soul; flesh-spirit; private-public; visible-invisible; decent-indecent; real-virtual; health-illness. If the body is in the heart of psychological research, lay thinking analysis rests somewhat in the shadow of this research line. Following the ideas of the social representations theory, the aim of study was to reveal how the body was represented in groups of young and older Russian women. A total sample consisted of 314 Russian females (N=258 females formed the group of young females from 18 to 25 years old, Mage=19.73, SDage =1.56; N=56 females formed the group of older females aged from 39 to 55 years old, Mage=45.63, SDage =4.68). The snowball technique was used in order to recruit the participants, they were invited to fulfil the online questionnaire. A free-association technique was used. The data were analysed by using prototypical...
Problem. The problem of norms and norms violation has a long research history in scientific think... more Problem. The problem of norms and norms violation has a long research history in scientific thinking. Lay thinking analysis rests in the shadow of this research line; although in the modern world people are actively involved in the construction of lay theories about various phenomena and they use this knowledge in daily life. Aim. Following the ideas of the social representations theory, the aim of the exploratory study was to analyse the lay theories developed by young Russian adults about norms and norms violation. Method. 134 young adults participated in the study, 26.12% males (aged 18 — 28 years, M=21.01years, SD =2.23). 71.6% participants were students of social sciences from Moscow Universities. A free-association technique was used. The data were analysed by using prototypical analysis. Results. The particularity of lay thinking about norms and norms violation was revealed. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that norms are not equated with laws, while norms violation is ...
Premature death caused by self-murder is one of the most serious problems of public health in the... more Premature death caused by self-murder is one of the most serious problems of public health in the world. About one million people disappear for this reason each year, and the further estimations are quite pessimistic. There are no doubts that the current situation is extremely serious and complex; as a result, the importance of the further development and realization of the preventive measures is obvious. Each preventive program in the field of public health should be based on the results of social psychological studies concerning the problem. In the presented paper, we discuss the results of the exploratory study based on the ideas of the social representations theory. The objective of the exploratory study was to analyze the specificity of the social representations of self-murder and self-murderers in two groups of young Russians. A total of 106 subjects (67 females and 39 males) aged 18 to 35 participated in the study. It was supposed that the social representation of self-murd...
The stigmatisation of mentally ill people is discussed in the article; the social representations... more The stigmatisation of mentally ill people is discussed in the article; the social representations theory is seen as one of the most productive among the different models of stigmatisation. The strategies of destigmatisation are also discussed in the article.
Since the development of the theory of social representations (Moscovici, 1961/1976), many studie... more Since the development of the theory of social representations (Moscovici, 1961/1976), many studies have focused on health-related objects. Although the social representation of health has already been studied through a socio-genetic/anthropological approach (Herzlich, 1969), it has never been studied in relation to the central core theory (Abric, 1994). Health is a complex and composite object, but it is also normative and normalised. The aim of this research was to underline the representational content of such an object of social representation. To do so, 120 participants took part in the study. They were asked to complete a verbal association task and the data were processed by using both rank-frequency processing and importance-frequency processing as well as similarity analysis. Findings showed an impact of the method on the centrality hypothesis. Well-being and (absence of) illness appeared as the central elements in the case of rank-frequency processing, while only well-being...
The problem of the information security of children is discussed in the presented paper. A specia... more The problem of the information security of children is discussed in the presented paper. A special attention is paid to the Internet as a risk source. The article gives evidence to the importance of the analysis of the so called lay thinking about the information security of children. The presented study is based on the social representations theory proposed by S.Moscovici. The total of the study is 136 people (parents and teachers), aged from 21 to 62 years old. We supposed that the lay thinking about the information security in groups of parents and teachers was formed on two main themes - about the threats and about the ways to manage these threats. Also we supposed that parents and teachers had similar thinking about the threats but differed in their thinking about the way to manage the threat. The suppositions got partial empirical support.
The characteristics of representations of young people about alcohol and drug abuse are analyzed ... more The characteristics of representations of young people about alcohol and drug abuse are analyzed in the article. The authors reveal the key elements of the representations of alcoholism and drug abuse, discuss their differences and similarities.
The aim of the study was to identify the particularities of the defense behavior mechanisms among... more The aim of the study was to identify the particularities of the defense behavior mechanisms among convicted for terrorist and extremist activities. A total of 469 convicts (351-for terrorist activities, 118 - for extremist activities) participated in the study. Life Style Index was used in order to reveal the defense mechanisms. The results allow us to talk about five types of defense: 1) dominance of projection and compensation defense mechanisms as means against the awareness of the negative and unacceptable personality qualities; 2) dominance of compensation in the profile indicates the desire to overcome a strong sense of inferiority; 3) dominance of reaction formation where unacceptable unconscious content is overcome by strengthening and development of exaggerated opposite trends; 4) dominance of intellectualization, where is the real action to remedy the anxiety and fears, the individual formulates an abstract of judgment, trying to get rid of one’s frustration; 5) dominance ...
The paper focuses on a social psychological analysis of the effects of new technologies on the in... more The paper focuses on a social psychological analysis of the effects of new technologies on the individual and his/her social experience. Among the impacts of social media on everyday life are the transformation and simplification of communication process, as well as the transformation of power relations and norms associated with this process. Participants of communication process have various opportunities to maintain anonymity, to construct and modify identities, and to interrupt and or even to terminate communication process at any time. The literature review reveals the negative side of the Internet use and demonstrates antinormative phenomena. The explanations of aggressive online behaviour, as well as the attempts to predict offline behaviour from online observations, are based on a wide range of interindividual constructs. However, these studies are mostly descriptive. The paper highlights the potential of social psychological knowledge (social cognitive theory, social represe...
The key question in this article is how children and adolescents understand health. This period a... more The key question in this article is how children and adolescents understand health. This period attracts a particular interest because the social practice towards health and illness as well as attitudes towards risk and risk behaviour are formed at that time. The productivity of the theory of social representations applied to the field of health and illness is discussed. The exploratory study in groups of children and adolescents on the representations of health and illness is presented here. A total of 633 subjects (333 children (aged 8 years old) and 300 adolescents (aged 13 years old) participated in a study. The study is based on the structural approach of the theory of social representations. The opposition «health»—«illness» is important in case of representations of health in children; its importance is decreasing with age. The key elements of the representation of health in adolescents are the actions to maintain health. The representation in case of children is less shared ...
The focus of attention of the authors is the consideration of information security of children an... more The focus of attention of the authors is the consideration of information security of children and adolescents as the object of social representations. Discusses the need for the theory of social representations to develop prophylactic and preventive programs in the field of information security of children and adolescents, in particular, says that the effectiveness of prevention and preventive programs is determined by how this information is understood by the target group, through what filters it passes. Briefly outlines the main provisions of the theory of social representations, discusses the functions of social representations, the mechanism of action ideas. Analyzed in a few studies, the focus of which was the presentation on new technologies, particularly mobile phones and the Internet. Presents the results of a series of studies devoted to the study of information security of children and adolescents, including the results of the first part of a research project dedicated to...
Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individ... more Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one’s location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries’ better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on pr...
The article analyzes research on the spread of extremist ideology in prisons and uses the theory ... more The article analyzes research on the spread of extremist ideology in prisons and uses the theory of social identity to understand the mechanism of radicalization in conditions of isolation. The urgency of addressing this problem is explained by the fact that since the events of September 11, 2001, it is the radicalization in prisons that has turned into a serious threat to the security of different countries. In addition measures to counter terrorism necessarily rely on knowledge of the psychological laws by which radicalization occurs; equally, like the development of preventive measures aimed at convicts as well as the creation of deradicalization programs, are based on an understanding of the mechanisms of social behavior. The focus of the work is on the concept of modern terrorism proposed by J. Baudrillard, the problem of radicalization and the spread of the ideology of extremism in prisons is studied, the importance of social identity in connection with the process of radicali...
The purpose of the article is twofold: 1) to argue about utility and advantages of the social rep... more The purpose of the article is twofold: 1) to argue about utility and advantages of the social representational perspective applied to the field of health and illness in case of children, 2) to discuss the potential and fertility of cultural-historical psychology for the development of the theory of social representations (SRs). The studies concerning the children’s understanding of health and illness are analysed. The limitations of the perspective to study mental representations of health and illness are revealed. The relevance and thepotential of the theory of SRs on the problem of children’s understanding of health and illness are discussed. The article reviews the four main theoretical approaches to SRs analysis. It is highlighted that genesis of the SRs is a zone of proximal development (or better to say zona blizhaishego razvitia) of the theory of SRs. The final part of the article dwells on the main points of the cultural-historical psychology in order to reveal some insights...
The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological know... more The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of furthe...
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