The views expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the ... more The views expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank. The ERD Policy Brief Series is based on papers or notes prepared by ADB staff and their resource persons. The series is ...
This study proposes an approach to measuring inclusive growth. It draws from the idea of a social... more This study proposes an approach to measuring inclusive growth. It draws from the idea of a social opportunity function akin to a social welfare function. In this context, growth is defined as inclusive if it increases the social opportunity function, which depends on two factors: (i) average opportunities available to the population, and (ii) how opportunities are shared among the population. In part, the inclusiveness of growth can be captured by means of an opportunity curve, which has a one-to-one relationship with the social opportunity function. To complement the shortcoming of the opportunity curve particularly partial ranking, the study also develops the opportunity index to provide a complete ranking. These tools are applied to the Philippines to analyze the access to and equity of opportunities in education and health. More importantly, the empirical application illustrates how these tools can be useful in the dynamic analysis of inclusive growth, as they evaluate changes i...
Developing Asia’s rapid growth rates that have contributed to a remarkable decline in the incid... more Developing Asia’s rapid growth rates that have contributed to a remarkable decline in the incidence of poverty have also been accompanied by rising income and expenditure inequalities and persistence of high levels of nonincome inequalities. These inequalities could be traced to various dimensions of unevenness in the growth process. In turn, the unevenness arises from policy factors as well as from structural transformation associated with growth. Further, unevenness arises from constraints to access to public services and inputs like land and credit. To address these causes of inequalities, the paper advocates a strategy of inclusive growth. This strategy rests on three anchors, i.e., expanding opportunities, broadening access to opportunities, and social protection that acts as a safety net and a springboard. These anchors reinforce each other to facilitate a process of allowing all members of society to participate in, and contribute to, the growth process on an equal footing ...
The views expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the ... more The views expressed in this paper are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank. The ERD Policy Brief Series is based on papers or notes prepared by ADB staff and their resource persons. The series is ...
This study proposes an approach to measuring inclusive growth. It draws from the idea of a social... more This study proposes an approach to measuring inclusive growth. It draws from the idea of a social opportunity function akin to a social welfare function. In this context, growth is defined as inclusive if it increases the social opportunity function, which depends on two factors: (i) average opportunities available to the population, and (ii) how opportunities are shared among the population. In part, the inclusiveness of growth can be captured by means of an opportunity curve, which has a one-to-one relationship with the social opportunity function. To complement the shortcoming of the opportunity curve particularly partial ranking, the study also develops the opportunity index to provide a complete ranking. These tools are applied to the Philippines to analyze the access to and equity of opportunities in education and health. More importantly, the empirical application illustrates how these tools can be useful in the dynamic analysis of inclusive growth, as they evaluate changes i...
Developing Asia’s rapid growth rates that have contributed to a remarkable decline in the incid... more Developing Asia’s rapid growth rates that have contributed to a remarkable decline in the incidence of poverty have also been accompanied by rising income and expenditure inequalities and persistence of high levels of nonincome inequalities. These inequalities could be traced to various dimensions of unevenness in the growth process. In turn, the unevenness arises from policy factors as well as from structural transformation associated with growth. Further, unevenness arises from constraints to access to public services and inputs like land and credit. To address these causes of inequalities, the paper advocates a strategy of inclusive growth. This strategy rests on three anchors, i.e., expanding opportunities, broadening access to opportunities, and social protection that acts as a safety net and a springboard. These anchors reinforce each other to facilitate a process of allowing all members of society to participate in, and contribute to, the growth process on an equal footing ...
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