SAGLAM, Aykut/0000-0003-4102-7990WOS: 000363996600016Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has a large na... more SAGLAM, Aykut/0000-0003-4102-7990WOS: 000363996600016Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has a large natural distribution throughout the world, including semi-arid areas of Turkey, where it is being used for afforestation. Determining the drought resistance of Scots pine provenances can increase the success of afforestation efforts in semi-arid regions. In the first stage of this study, water-stress treatments were applied to ten provenances of one-year-old Scots pine seedlings in their second vegetation period (between April and November). The diameter and height of the seedlings were evaluated in the nursery in order to determine. their morphology. The four drought-stress treatments consisted of once-weekly irrigation (IR1), twice-weekly irigation (IR2-Control), biweekly irrigation (IR3) and open field conditions (IR4). Later, the water-stressed seedlings were planted in a semi-arid district in Bayburt, Turkey, and their survival and growth performances were evaluated over a five-year period. The nursery study showed that drought stress and provenance as well as the interaction of the two significantly affected the morphological characteristics of the seedlings. Under water-stress conditions, the best growth performance was found in the Dokurcun, Degirmendere and Dirgine provenance seedlings. Water-stress and provenance factors and their interaction also affected the open field performance of the seedlings, where the Degirmendere, Dirgine and Dokurcun provenances again exhibited the best performance. Consequently, these Scots pine provenances can be recommended for afforestation sites having conditions similar to those of the study site
Çalışma kapsamında Ailanthus altisima tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine farklı yetiştirme ortamı ve... more Çalışma kapsamında Ailanthus altisima tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine farklı yetiştirme ortamı ve ekim zamanının etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ailanthus altisima tohumları, doğal tohum döküm zamanı olan Kasım ayı içerisinde KTÜ Kanuni kampüsünde bulunan ağaçlardan elde edilmiştir. Ekim işlemi önceden hazırlanmış özel ve yüksek ekim yastıklarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekim işlemi, özel ekim yastıklarına kasım ve mart ayında, yüksek ekim yastığında ise ocak ayında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tohumların ekimden önce 1000 tane ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Tohumlar, özel ekim yastıklarına kanatlı ve kanatsız olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde, yüksek ekim yastığında ise yalnız kanatlı tohumlar kullanılarak çizgi ekimi yöntemiyle ekilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Kasım ayında kanatlı veya kanatsız şekilde yapılan ekimin çimlenme yüzdesinin değişmesinde etkili olduğu ancak çimlenme için gerekli sıcaklık ve nemin rahatça alınabildiği ilkbahar mevsiminde tohumların kanatlı olup olmamalarının önemli olmadığı ve hemen hemen birbirine yakın çimlenme yüzdelerine (kanatlı tohum ÇY %94,17, kanatsız tohum ÇY %99,45) sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Ailanthus altissima tohumları için uygun ekim zamanının ilkbahar olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, sonbaharda fidan ihtiyacının karşılanmasında başarılı bir sonucun elde edilebilmesi için ekim işleminin sera koşullarında yapılmasının uygun olacağı ortaya koyulmuştur.
Kestanenin ıslahına yönelik çalışmalar; özellikle önemli bazı hastalık ve zararlıların bu türün v... more Kestanenin ıslahına yönelik çalışmalar; özellikle önemli bazı hastalık ve zararlıların bu türün varlığını tehdit etmesi ile yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Bunun yanında kestanenin meyve verimi ve bal ormanlarının tesisinde ıslah edilmiş bireylerin kullanılması önemlidir. Gerek hastalıklara dayanıklılık gerekse çok amaçlı fonksiyonlara cevap verecek özelliklerde kestane fidanı yetiştiriciliği Türkiye ormancılığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki doğal kestane ormanlarından seçilen en iyi bireylerden alınan aşı materyalleri ile en uygun aşı yöntemi ve zamanının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Aşı yöntemleri olarak durgun aşı döneminde (ağustos ve eylül) yongalı göz, yama göz ve ters T göz aşıları, sürgün aşı döneminde de (mart ve nisan) dilcikli ve yongalı göz olmak üzere dört farklı aşı yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek tutma başarısı %90,8 ile ağustos ayının sonu ile eylül ayının ilk haftasında uygulanan yama göz aşısında elde edilmiştir. Bunu yine ağustos-eylül aylarında ters T göz aşısı yöntemi %81,7 başarı oranı ile takip etmiştir. Yongalı göz aşısı uygulanacaksa en uygun zamanın nisan ayı (%73,0) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma sonrası bir yandan Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki mevcut kestane ormanlarının ex-situ yöntemlerle muhafazasına, diğer yandan ise gerek odun üretimi gerekse odun dışı orman ürünü (meyve ve bal üretimi) amaçlı sağlıklı bireylerin yetiştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Biological Diversity and Conservation, Nov 1, 2016
At the beginning of the tree breeding programs, it is started over investigations of genetic vari... more At the beginning of the tree breeding programs, it is started over investigations of genetic variations. Thanks to the genetic variation investigations it is proved how does the scape of variations among populations and trees in populations change according to the variations like altitude, distance from sea and rain. Oriental beech is a very important tree species in the forestry. It is aimed in this study to determine variations on the seedling which are grown from seeds picked from 11 different Oriental beech populations (Sinop-Merkez, SinopAyancık, Samsun-Kunduz, Samsun-Karapınar, Karabük-Yenice, Düzce-Çiçekli, Trabzon-Maçka, Trabzon-Çaykara, Giresun-Kulakkaya, Ordu-Akkuş and Kahramanmaraş-Andırın) in terms of leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, leaf vein angle and leaf moisture. By making these measurements on the seedlings belong to the all populations, variations among populations connected to these characteristics are determined. Besides, measurements on tree basis was done by using 6000 leaves in 6 populations, ten trees from per populations, 10 seedlings from per tree, 10 leaves from per seedlings and differences within populations were determined by looking these characteristics. As a result of the variance analysis which is done connected with leaf width, length, area and leaf vein angle it was determined that there are statistical differences among populations for all these characteristics. As a consequence of the variance analysis belong to the leaf measure, significance level is over 0.05. According to this result it is determined that 11 populations became homogenous depending leaf moisture. All the characters except for leaf moisture showed differences within 6 separate populations. Although populations are homogenous in terms of leaf moisture it is understood that trees within populations showed variations for these characters. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis Sinop-Merkez, Sinop-Ayancık and Karabük-Yenice populations are at the same group in terms of all leaf characters and other populations created other group.
Scotch pine is a primary species that spreads from sea level to very high altitudes in Turkey and... more Scotch pine is a primary species that spreads from sea level to very high altitudes in Turkey and has a very wide distribution area in the world. For this reason, it is important to investigate the variations of the species depending on the altitude. The research aims to determine the morphogenetic variations of the seedling characters in populations representing the vertical distribution area of Scotch pine and to reveal the within and among population variations in the vertical distribution areas. In the study, seedlings (three, four and five-year-old) grown from the seeds collected from five populations in the altitudinal zones up to 2,250 m from sea level in the natural distribution area of Scotch pine in Trabzon region were used. The seedling’s height, root collar diameter, the number of side branches and crown buds and sturdiness quotient were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences (p
Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), belonging to Elaeagnaceae family, naturally spreads ov... more Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), belonging to Elaeagnaceae family, naturally spreads over Southern Europe and East Asia. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to 6 m in height and 9 m in width. Its form is rounded, with dense branches. The species can store the nitrogen in its roots. Thus, it has the ability to live even in the most inefficient soil. It is valued for its ability to prevent erosion and to attract wildlife and has been used in some agroforestry practices. When it is mature, the species has edible fruit with brilliant red or yellow pigmentation, and can be consumed especially as dried fruit. In addition, the greatest benefit of the fruit is the amount of lycopene it has. 100 grams of the fruit contains 7 to 17 times more lycopene than the same amount of tomatoes. Besides being extremely useful, antioxidant-containing fruits can be used in horticulture while leaves and flowers can be used in landscaping. Therefore, it is necessary to reproduce autumn olive for its uses in Turkey. Within the scope of this study, propagation of the species is carried out by hardwood cutting which is one of the vegetative propagation techniques. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of different auxins (IBA 1000 ppm, IBA 5000 ppm, NAA 1000 ppm and NAA 5000 ppm) on propagation of autumn olive by hardwood cutting in greenhouse condition with air temperature at 20±2°C, rooting table temperature at 25±2°C and perlite rooting media. The first root formation date, rooting percentage, root length and the number of roots were determined. The results showed that the highest rooting percentage occurred as 70% in NAA 5000 ppm and IBA 5000 ppm treatment. This study will provide a basis for further researches to be conducted using vegetative propagation methods.
Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey... more Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey. Within the scope of this study it needed to be investigated are there variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among Q. pontica populations. Variation in leaf traits in relation to seven different natural provinces was identified. In total, 99 individuals were selected, and 30 leaves were collected from each shrub to determine leaf variations in Q. pontica populations. Mean values for petiole length (1.07 cm), leaf length (17.13 cm), lamina length (16.13 cm), leaf width (8.10 cm), leaf area (93.76 cm2), leaf vein angle (54.22 degree), total number of primary veins (38.72), total number of teeth (40.73), petiole ratio (6.34%), relative length of lamina at largest width (50.50%), and percentage of venation (98.65%) were determined in all populations. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences (p
SAGLAM, Aykut/0000-0003-4102-7990WOS: 000363996600016Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has a large na... more SAGLAM, Aykut/0000-0003-4102-7990WOS: 000363996600016Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has a large natural distribution throughout the world, including semi-arid areas of Turkey, where it is being used for afforestation. Determining the drought resistance of Scots pine provenances can increase the success of afforestation efforts in semi-arid regions. In the first stage of this study, water-stress treatments were applied to ten provenances of one-year-old Scots pine seedlings in their second vegetation period (between April and November). The diameter and height of the seedlings were evaluated in the nursery in order to determine. their morphology. The four drought-stress treatments consisted of once-weekly irrigation (IR1), twice-weekly irigation (IR2-Control), biweekly irrigation (IR3) and open field conditions (IR4). Later, the water-stressed seedlings were planted in a semi-arid district in Bayburt, Turkey, and their survival and growth performances were evaluated over a five-year period. The nursery study showed that drought stress and provenance as well as the interaction of the two significantly affected the morphological characteristics of the seedlings. Under water-stress conditions, the best growth performance was found in the Dokurcun, Degirmendere and Dirgine provenance seedlings. Water-stress and provenance factors and their interaction also affected the open field performance of the seedlings, where the Degirmendere, Dirgine and Dokurcun provenances again exhibited the best performance. Consequently, these Scots pine provenances can be recommended for afforestation sites having conditions similar to those of the study site
Çalışma kapsamında Ailanthus altisima tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine farklı yetiştirme ortamı ve... more Çalışma kapsamında Ailanthus altisima tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine farklı yetiştirme ortamı ve ekim zamanının etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ailanthus altisima tohumları, doğal tohum döküm zamanı olan Kasım ayı içerisinde KTÜ Kanuni kampüsünde bulunan ağaçlardan elde edilmiştir. Ekim işlemi önceden hazırlanmış özel ve yüksek ekim yastıklarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekim işlemi, özel ekim yastıklarına kasım ve mart ayında, yüksek ekim yastığında ise ocak ayında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tohumların ekimden önce 1000 tane ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Tohumlar, özel ekim yastıklarına kanatlı ve kanatsız olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde, yüksek ekim yastığında ise yalnız kanatlı tohumlar kullanılarak çizgi ekimi yöntemiyle ekilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre Kasım ayında kanatlı veya kanatsız şekilde yapılan ekimin çimlenme yüzdesinin değişmesinde etkili olduğu ancak çimlenme için gerekli sıcaklık ve nemin rahatça alınabildiği ilkbahar mevsiminde tohumların kanatlı olup olmamalarının önemli olmadığı ve hemen hemen birbirine yakın çimlenme yüzdelerine (kanatlı tohum ÇY %94,17, kanatsız tohum ÇY %99,45) sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Ailanthus altissima tohumları için uygun ekim zamanının ilkbahar olduğu tespit edilmiş olup, sonbaharda fidan ihtiyacının karşılanmasında başarılı bir sonucun elde edilebilmesi için ekim işleminin sera koşullarında yapılmasının uygun olacağı ortaya koyulmuştur.
Kestanenin ıslahına yönelik çalışmalar; özellikle önemli bazı hastalık ve zararlıların bu türün v... more Kestanenin ıslahına yönelik çalışmalar; özellikle önemli bazı hastalık ve zararlıların bu türün varlığını tehdit etmesi ile yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Bunun yanında kestanenin meyve verimi ve bal ormanlarının tesisinde ıslah edilmiş bireylerin kullanılması önemlidir. Gerek hastalıklara dayanıklılık gerekse çok amaçlı fonksiyonlara cevap verecek özelliklerde kestane fidanı yetiştiriciliği Türkiye ormancılığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki doğal kestane ormanlarından seçilen en iyi bireylerden alınan aşı materyalleri ile en uygun aşı yöntemi ve zamanının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Aşı yöntemleri olarak durgun aşı döneminde (ağustos ve eylül) yongalı göz, yama göz ve ters T göz aşıları, sürgün aşı döneminde de (mart ve nisan) dilcikli ve yongalı göz olmak üzere dört farklı aşı yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek tutma başarısı %90,8 ile ağustos ayının sonu ile eylül ayının ilk haftasında uygulanan yama göz aşısında elde edilmiştir. Bunu yine ağustos-eylül aylarında ters T göz aşısı yöntemi %81,7 başarı oranı ile takip etmiştir. Yongalı göz aşısı uygulanacaksa en uygun zamanın nisan ayı (%73,0) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma sonrası bir yandan Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki mevcut kestane ormanlarının ex-situ yöntemlerle muhafazasına, diğer yandan ise gerek odun üretimi gerekse odun dışı orman ürünü (meyve ve bal üretimi) amaçlı sağlıklı bireylerin yetiştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Biological Diversity and Conservation, Nov 1, 2016
At the beginning of the tree breeding programs, it is started over investigations of genetic vari... more At the beginning of the tree breeding programs, it is started over investigations of genetic variations. Thanks to the genetic variation investigations it is proved how does the scape of variations among populations and trees in populations change according to the variations like altitude, distance from sea and rain. Oriental beech is a very important tree species in the forestry. It is aimed in this study to determine variations on the seedling which are grown from seeds picked from 11 different Oriental beech populations (Sinop-Merkez, SinopAyancık, Samsun-Kunduz, Samsun-Karapınar, Karabük-Yenice, Düzce-Çiçekli, Trabzon-Maçka, Trabzon-Çaykara, Giresun-Kulakkaya, Ordu-Akkuş and Kahramanmaraş-Andırın) in terms of leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, leaf vein angle and leaf moisture. By making these measurements on the seedlings belong to the all populations, variations among populations connected to these characteristics are determined. Besides, measurements on tree basis was done by using 6000 leaves in 6 populations, ten trees from per populations, 10 seedlings from per tree, 10 leaves from per seedlings and differences within populations were determined by looking these characteristics. As a result of the variance analysis which is done connected with leaf width, length, area and leaf vein angle it was determined that there are statistical differences among populations for all these characteristics. As a consequence of the variance analysis belong to the leaf measure, significance level is over 0.05. According to this result it is determined that 11 populations became homogenous depending leaf moisture. All the characters except for leaf moisture showed differences within 6 separate populations. Although populations are homogenous in terms of leaf moisture it is understood that trees within populations showed variations for these characters. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis Sinop-Merkez, Sinop-Ayancık and Karabük-Yenice populations are at the same group in terms of all leaf characters and other populations created other group.
Scotch pine is a primary species that spreads from sea level to very high altitudes in Turkey and... more Scotch pine is a primary species that spreads from sea level to very high altitudes in Turkey and has a very wide distribution area in the world. For this reason, it is important to investigate the variations of the species depending on the altitude. The research aims to determine the morphogenetic variations of the seedling characters in populations representing the vertical distribution area of Scotch pine and to reveal the within and among population variations in the vertical distribution areas. In the study, seedlings (three, four and five-year-old) grown from the seeds collected from five populations in the altitudinal zones up to 2,250 m from sea level in the natural distribution area of Scotch pine in Trabzon region were used. The seedling’s height, root collar diameter, the number of side branches and crown buds and sturdiness quotient were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences (p
Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), belonging to Elaeagnaceae family, naturally spreads ov... more Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), belonging to Elaeagnaceae family, naturally spreads over Southern Europe and East Asia. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to 6 m in height and 9 m in width. Its form is rounded, with dense branches. The species can store the nitrogen in its roots. Thus, it has the ability to live even in the most inefficient soil. It is valued for its ability to prevent erosion and to attract wildlife and has been used in some agroforestry practices. When it is mature, the species has edible fruit with brilliant red or yellow pigmentation, and can be consumed especially as dried fruit. In addition, the greatest benefit of the fruit is the amount of lycopene it has. 100 grams of the fruit contains 7 to 17 times more lycopene than the same amount of tomatoes. Besides being extremely useful, antioxidant-containing fruits can be used in horticulture while leaves and flowers can be used in landscaping. Therefore, it is necessary to reproduce autumn olive for its uses in Turkey. Within the scope of this study, propagation of the species is carried out by hardwood cutting which is one of the vegetative propagation techniques. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of different auxins (IBA 1000 ppm, IBA 5000 ppm, NAA 1000 ppm and NAA 5000 ppm) on propagation of autumn olive by hardwood cutting in greenhouse condition with air temperature at 20±2°C, rooting table temperature at 25±2°C and perlite rooting media. The first root formation date, rooting percentage, root length and the number of roots were determined. The results showed that the highest rooting percentage occurred as 70% in NAA 5000 ppm and IBA 5000 ppm treatment. This study will provide a basis for further researches to be conducted using vegetative propagation methods.
Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey... more Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey. Within the scope of this study it needed to be investigated are there variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among Q. pontica populations. Variation in leaf traits in relation to seven different natural provinces was identified. In total, 99 individuals were selected, and 30 leaves were collected from each shrub to determine leaf variations in Q. pontica populations. Mean values for petiole length (1.07 cm), leaf length (17.13 cm), lamina length (16.13 cm), leaf width (8.10 cm), leaf area (93.76 cm2), leaf vein angle (54.22 degree), total number of primary veins (38.72), total number of teeth (40.73), petiole ratio (6.34%), relative length of lamina at largest width (50.50%), and percentage of venation (98.65%) were determined in all populations. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences (p
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