Changes in life history traits are often considered speciation triggers and can have dramatic eff... more Changes in life history traits are often considered speciation triggers and can have dramatic effects on the evolutionary history of a lineage. Here, we examine the consequences of changes in two life history traits, host‐type and phoresy, in the hypermetamorphic blister beetles, Meloidae. Subfamilies Nemognathinae and Meloinae exhibit a complex life cycle involving multiple metamorphoses and parasitoidism. Most genera and tribes are bee‐parasitoids, and include phoretic or nonphoretic species, while two tribes feed on grasshopper eggs. These different life strategies are coupled with striking differences in species richness among clades. We generated a mitogenomic phylogeny for Nemognathinae and Meloinae, confirming the monophyly of these two clades, and used the dated phylogeny to explore the association between diversification rates and changes in host specificity and phoresy, using state‐dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models that include the effect of hidden traits. T...
The access to molecular collections worldwide greatly improves the quality of scientific research... more The access to molecular collections worldwide greatly improves the quality of scientific research by making a growing number of data available for investigation. The efforts on digitization also aim at facilitating the exchange of material between institutions and researchers that must follow regulations in place and respect best practice. The handbook presented here proposes a workflow to follow to safely exchange materials, in accordance with international laws and legislations. We make numerous recommendations here to help the institutions and researchers to navigate the legal and administrative procedures, to manage molecular collections in the best way possible.
Molecular dating offers a tool for inferring the time of divergence between two lineages. In this... more Molecular dating offers a tool for inferring the time of divergence between two lineages. In this study, we discuss how dated molecular reconstructions are informative of two different, albeit often intermingled, time estimates with regard to a fundamental process in island biogeography: the time of island colonization (TIC). We illustrate how stem age estimates provide information on the divergence between the extant island lineage and their closest relatives (i.e. the onset of lineage differentiation). Such estimates, however, are typically poor TIC predictors, as they are strongly affected by spatial and temporal uncertainty, particularly in cases of deep stem ages. Crown ages of endemic island lineages, in contrast, provide information on the temporal onset of island in situ diversification, and may represent a better proxy for TIC when the associated uncertainty is taken into account. Thus, the geographic and temporal distance separating the island and mainland lineages in phyl...
Tras un breve repaso historico de conceptos y metodos en biogeografia historica, se esboza la con... more Tras un breve repaso historico de conceptos y metodos en biogeografia historica, se esboza la contribucion del conocimiento filogenetico y biogeografico de los Artropodos, a la historia biogeografica de los paleocontinentes holarticos y, en particular, a la biogeografia historica de la region mediterranea. A traves de algunos ejemplos, se analizan escenarios biogeograficos relevantes para explicar la evolucion espacial de algunos grupos Artropodos del area mediterranea. La mayor parte de las filogenias disponibles indican que, en general, se puede hablar de una region Holartica en la que dominan las relaciones continentales: region Neartica versus Paleartica. No obstante, las relaciones paleocontinentales (Asiamerica versus Euramerica) y las distribuciones disyuntas, son relativamente mas frecuentes entre los grupos de alto rango taxonomico. La acumulacion incesante de datos, sugiere que no solo la region Neartica occidental (como infieren muchos biogeografos) sino tambien el paleoc...
ABSTRACTChanges in life history traits, including reproductive strategies or host shifts, are oft... more ABSTRACTChanges in life history traits, including reproductive strategies or host shifts, are often considered triggers of speciation, affecting diversification rates. Subsequently, these shifts can have dramatic effects on the evolutionary history of a lineage. In this study, we examine the consequences of changes in life history traits, in particular host-type and phoresy, within the hypermetamorphic clade of blister beetles (Meloidae). This clade exhibits a complex life cycle involving multiple metamorphoses and parasitoidism. Most tribes within the clade are bee-parasitoids, phoretic or non-phoretic, while two tribes feed on grasshopper eggs. Species richness differs greatly between bee and grasshopper specialist clades, and between phoretic and non-phoretic genera. We generated a mitogenomic phylogeny of the hypermetamorphic clade of Meloidae, including 21 newly generated complete mitogenomes. The phylogeny and estimated lineage divergence times were used to explore the associa...
La presente Tesis Doctoral aborda el estudio de la Taxonomia. Filogenia y Biogeografia historica ... more La presente Tesis Doctoral aborda el estudio de la Taxonomia. Filogenia y Biogeografia historica de un grupo apenas conocido de Scarabaeoidea Pleurosticti: la subfamilia Pachydeminae (Melolonthidae, Coleoptera). Los Pachydeminae forman una parte muy importante de la fauna edafica que coloniza el horizonte radicular pero, en comparacion con otros grupos de Pleurosticti, su taxonomia ha sido poco estudiada. Esta investigacion se centra en el area paleartica, donde la subfamilia reune 16 generos, que se distribuyen desde el Magreb hasta el Caucaso. En la Peninsula Iberica, la subfamilia esta representada por dos generos, Ceramida Baraud, 1987 y Elaphocera Gene, 1836. Ambos se caracterizan por su acusado caracter endemico y por su dificultad taxonomica. El genero Ceramida constituye ademas una importante plaga del olivo en el sur de Espana. El estudio taxonomico ha permitido desechar caracteres tradicionales de la morfologia externa que presentaban variabilidad intraespecifica, y encont...
Geographic range shifts are one major organism response to climate change, especially if the rate... more Geographic range shifts are one major organism response to climate change, especially if the rate of climate change is higher than that of species adaptation. Ecological niche models (ENM) and biogeographic inferences are often used in estimating the effects of climatic oscillations on species range dynamics. ENMs can be used to track climatic suitable areas over time, but have often been limited to shallow timescales; biogeographic inference can reach greater evolutionary depth, but often lacks spatial resolution. Here, we present a simple approach that treats them as independent and complementary sources of evidence, which, when used in partnership, can be employed to reconstruct geographic range shifts over deep evolutionary timescales. For testing this, we chose two extreme African disjunctions: Camptoloma (Scrophulariaceae) and Canarina (Campanulaceae), each comprising of three species disjunctly distributed in Macaronesia and eastern/southern Africa. Using inferred ancestral r...
Changes in life history traits are often considered speciation triggers and can have dramatic eff... more Changes in life history traits are often considered speciation triggers and can have dramatic effects on the evolutionary history of a lineage. Here, we examine the consequences of changes in two life history traits, host‐type and phoresy, in the hypermetamorphic blister beetles, Meloidae. Subfamilies Nemognathinae and Meloinae exhibit a complex life cycle involving multiple metamorphoses and parasitoidism. Most genera and tribes are bee‐parasitoids, and include phoretic or nonphoretic species, while two tribes feed on grasshopper eggs. These different life strategies are coupled with striking differences in species richness among clades. We generated a mitogenomic phylogeny for Nemognathinae and Meloinae, confirming the monophyly of these two clades, and used the dated phylogeny to explore the association between diversification rates and changes in host specificity and phoresy, using state‐dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models that include the effect of hidden traits. T...
The access to molecular collections worldwide greatly improves the quality of scientific research... more The access to molecular collections worldwide greatly improves the quality of scientific research by making a growing number of data available for investigation. The efforts on digitization also aim at facilitating the exchange of material between institutions and researchers that must follow regulations in place and respect best practice. The handbook presented here proposes a workflow to follow to safely exchange materials, in accordance with international laws and legislations. We make numerous recommendations here to help the institutions and researchers to navigate the legal and administrative procedures, to manage molecular collections in the best way possible.
Molecular dating offers a tool for inferring the time of divergence between two lineages. In this... more Molecular dating offers a tool for inferring the time of divergence between two lineages. In this study, we discuss how dated molecular reconstructions are informative of two different, albeit often intermingled, time estimates with regard to a fundamental process in island biogeography: the time of island colonization (TIC). We illustrate how stem age estimates provide information on the divergence between the extant island lineage and their closest relatives (i.e. the onset of lineage differentiation). Such estimates, however, are typically poor TIC predictors, as they are strongly affected by spatial and temporal uncertainty, particularly in cases of deep stem ages. Crown ages of endemic island lineages, in contrast, provide information on the temporal onset of island in situ diversification, and may represent a better proxy for TIC when the associated uncertainty is taken into account. Thus, the geographic and temporal distance separating the island and mainland lineages in phyl...
Tras un breve repaso historico de conceptos y metodos en biogeografia historica, se esboza la con... more Tras un breve repaso historico de conceptos y metodos en biogeografia historica, se esboza la contribucion del conocimiento filogenetico y biogeografico de los Artropodos, a la historia biogeografica de los paleocontinentes holarticos y, en particular, a la biogeografia historica de la region mediterranea. A traves de algunos ejemplos, se analizan escenarios biogeograficos relevantes para explicar la evolucion espacial de algunos grupos Artropodos del area mediterranea. La mayor parte de las filogenias disponibles indican que, en general, se puede hablar de una region Holartica en la que dominan las relaciones continentales: region Neartica versus Paleartica. No obstante, las relaciones paleocontinentales (Asiamerica versus Euramerica) y las distribuciones disyuntas, son relativamente mas frecuentes entre los grupos de alto rango taxonomico. La acumulacion incesante de datos, sugiere que no solo la region Neartica occidental (como infieren muchos biogeografos) sino tambien el paleoc...
ABSTRACTChanges in life history traits, including reproductive strategies or host shifts, are oft... more ABSTRACTChanges in life history traits, including reproductive strategies or host shifts, are often considered triggers of speciation, affecting diversification rates. Subsequently, these shifts can have dramatic effects on the evolutionary history of a lineage. In this study, we examine the consequences of changes in life history traits, in particular host-type and phoresy, within the hypermetamorphic clade of blister beetles (Meloidae). This clade exhibits a complex life cycle involving multiple metamorphoses and parasitoidism. Most tribes within the clade are bee-parasitoids, phoretic or non-phoretic, while two tribes feed on grasshopper eggs. Species richness differs greatly between bee and grasshopper specialist clades, and between phoretic and non-phoretic genera. We generated a mitogenomic phylogeny of the hypermetamorphic clade of Meloidae, including 21 newly generated complete mitogenomes. The phylogeny and estimated lineage divergence times were used to explore the associa...
La presente Tesis Doctoral aborda el estudio de la Taxonomia. Filogenia y Biogeografia historica ... more La presente Tesis Doctoral aborda el estudio de la Taxonomia. Filogenia y Biogeografia historica de un grupo apenas conocido de Scarabaeoidea Pleurosticti: la subfamilia Pachydeminae (Melolonthidae, Coleoptera). Los Pachydeminae forman una parte muy importante de la fauna edafica que coloniza el horizonte radicular pero, en comparacion con otros grupos de Pleurosticti, su taxonomia ha sido poco estudiada. Esta investigacion se centra en el area paleartica, donde la subfamilia reune 16 generos, que se distribuyen desde el Magreb hasta el Caucaso. En la Peninsula Iberica, la subfamilia esta representada por dos generos, Ceramida Baraud, 1987 y Elaphocera Gene, 1836. Ambos se caracterizan por su acusado caracter endemico y por su dificultad taxonomica. El genero Ceramida constituye ademas una importante plaga del olivo en el sur de Espana. El estudio taxonomico ha permitido desechar caracteres tradicionales de la morfologia externa que presentaban variabilidad intraespecifica, y encont...
Geographic range shifts are one major organism response to climate change, especially if the rate... more Geographic range shifts are one major organism response to climate change, especially if the rate of climate change is higher than that of species adaptation. Ecological niche models (ENM) and biogeographic inferences are often used in estimating the effects of climatic oscillations on species range dynamics. ENMs can be used to track climatic suitable areas over time, but have often been limited to shallow timescales; biogeographic inference can reach greater evolutionary depth, but often lacks spatial resolution. Here, we present a simple approach that treats them as independent and complementary sources of evidence, which, when used in partnership, can be employed to reconstruct geographic range shifts over deep evolutionary timescales. For testing this, we chose two extreme African disjunctions: Camptoloma (Scrophulariaceae) and Canarina (Campanulaceae), each comprising of three species disjunctly distributed in Macaronesia and eastern/southern Africa. Using inferred ancestral r...
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