KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017 Môn: TIẾNG NHẬT Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể... more KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017 Môn: TIẾNG NHẬT Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề Chọn phương án đúng (ứng với A hoặc B, C, D) cho cách viết bằng chữ Hán của phần được gạch chân trong các câu sau:
Oncogenic activation of BRAF fuels cancer growth by constitutively promoting RAS-independent mito... more Oncogenic activation of BRAF fuels cancer growth by constitutively promoting RAS-independent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signalling. Accordingly, RAF inhibitors have brought substantially improved personalized treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, these targeted agents have also revealed an unexpected consequence: stimulated growth of certain cancers. Structurally diverse ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors can either inhibit or paradoxically activate the MAPK pathway, depending whether activation is by BRAF mutation or by an upstream event, such as RAS mutation or receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Here we have identified next-generation RAF inhibitors (dubbed 'paradox…
Vietnam is ranked 14(th) among 27 countries with high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ... more Vietnam is ranked 14(th) among 27 countries with high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In 2009, the Vietnamese government issued a policy on MDR-TB called Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) to enhance and scale up diagnosis and treatment services for MDR-TB. Here we assess the PMDT performance in 2013 to determine the challenges to the successful identification and enrollment for treatment of MDR-TB in Vietnam. In 35 provinces implementing PMDT, we quantified the number of MDR-TB presumptive patients tested for MDR-TB by Xpert MTB/RIF and the number of MDR-TB patients started on second-line treatment. In addition, existing reports and documents related to MDR-TB policies and guidelines in Vietnam were reviewed, supplemented with focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with MDR-TB key staff members. 5,668 (31.2 %) of estimated 18,165 MDR-TB presumptive cases were tested by Xpert MTB/RIF and second-line treatment was provided to 948 out of 5100 (18.7 %) of MDR-TB patients. Those tested for MDR-TB were 340/3224 (10.5 %) of TB-HIV co-infected patients and 290/2214 (13.1 %) of patients who remained sputum smear-positive after 2 and 3 months of category I TB regimen. Qualitative findings revealed the following challenges to detection and enrollment of MDR-TB in Vietnam: insufficient TB screening capacity at district hospitals where TB units were not available and poor communication and implementation of policy changes. Instructions for policy changes were not always received, and training was inconsistent between training courses. The private sector did not adequately report MDR-TB cases to the NTP. The proportion of MDR-TB patients diagnosed and enrolled for second-line treatment is less than 20 % of the estimated total. The low enrollment is largely due to the fact that many patients at risk are missed for MDR-TB screening. In order to detect more MDR-TB cases, Vietnam should intensify case finding of MDR-TB by a comprehensive strategy to screen for MDR-TB among new cases rather than targeting previously treated cases, in particular those with HIV co-infection and contacts of MDR-TB patients, and should engage the private sector in PMDT.
A Scoring Index for Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Implications for the Population-Based Assessment ... more A Scoring Index for Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Implications for the Population-Based Assessment of Hib, Meningococcal and Pneumococcal Vaccine Impact Background. Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) causes high mortality and severe sequelae. Yet, in many countries, a paucity of microbiology diagnostic facilities limit identification of children with treatable bacterial infections. Prospective surveillance for ABM in Vietnam provided an opportunity to develop a clinical score for bacterial meningitis among children aged 1--59 months. Methods. We randomly allocated 1,773 children with suspected ABM into two cohorts (derivation and validation). Independent predictors of ABM were identified by logistic regression. The resulting scoring index was evaluated in the validation cohort for its accuracy and ability to rule-in and rule-out acute bacterial meningitis. Results. A 10-point score for ABM consisting of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (score: 4 if >100 cells/mm3), ag...
A data management system of fresh water based on WebGIS technology is built to help managers to e... more A data management system of fresh water based on WebGIS technology is built to help managers to easily update data, statistical data and provides online maps such as water supply position, water supply pipelines. Website provides quickly and efficiently the information of fresh water supplying. WebGIS application system has used also the new features from spatial database management system SQL Server 2008 for the construction of thematic maps online
A numerical approach to solve a convection dominated problem is proposed. Obtaining accurate solu... more A numerical approach to solve a convection dominated problem is proposed. Obtaining accurate solutions is challenging due to the presence of layers. The goal is to design an adaptive algorithm which utilizes three main ingredients: a stablization method, a reliable and efficient a posteriori error estimator, and an adapted metric tensor to align the anisotropic mesh with the computed solution. An extension of this research will be the survey which compares current adaptive algorithms for solving this type of equations.
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim & Medical Imaging Conference, 2010
ABSTRACT We have designed, fabricated and tested a 64channel ohmic-type CdTe detector for the gam... more ABSTRACT We have designed, fabricated and tested a 64channel ohmic-type CdTe detector for the gamma camera application with aconventional PHA (Pulse Height Analysis) circuit dynamic ToT based circuit. The pixel size of the detector is 2mm × 2mm and it consists of 8×8 arrays. The thickness of detectors is 1mm. Our group has been proposing the energy resolving Time over Threshold method with a dynamically changing threshold (dynamic ToT). Although the ToT is suitable for the readout circuits for multi-pixel detectors because of the binary readout and circuit simplicity, the linearity of the ToT versus the input charge is rather poor. The dynamic ToT method greatly improves the linearity and dynamic range. We have tested 64channel CdTe detectors with a PHA method and dynamic ToT method and confirmed that dynamic ToT method is usable as a energy resolving system, and more suitable as a multi-channel individual readout system.
The coflow structure is useful when changes in one level simultaneously drive another set of chan... more The coflow structure is useful when changes in one level simultaneously drive another set of changes in a second level. Coflow structures can represent how psychological variables, such as average attitudes, are carried over as a group of people change status or designation. In modeling a problem of an agency, we had difficulties using the classic form of the coflow process to represent average attitudes towards the organization. Total Attitude, which is defined as a state variable, is hard to interpret. This is particularly true when attitudes are also influenced by organizational experience and may erode over time. This paper compares an isolated coflow structure with the coflow structure combined with an eroding process. Adding an eroding process to the classical coflow structure generated interesting behavior modes, such as logarithmic decline to a minimum and growth toward a higher equilibrium point. We suggest directly using Attitude as a stock rather than using Total Attitude...
A high-quality, comprehensive product catalog is essential to the success of Product Search engin... more A high-quality, comprehensive product catalog is essential to the success of Product Search engines and shopping sites such as Yahoo! Shopping, Google Product Search or Bing Shopping. But keeping catalogs up-to-date becomes a challenging task, calling for the need of automated techniques. In this paper, we introduce the problem of product synthesis, a key component of catalog creation and maintenance.
Studying how photosynthetic cells modify membrane lipids in response to heat stress is important ... more Studying how photosynthetic cells modify membrane lipids in response to heat stress is important to understand how plants and microalgae adapt to daily fluctuations in temperature and to investigate new lipid pathways. Here we investigate changes occurring in lipid molecular species and lipid metabolism genes during early response to heat stress in the model photosynthetic microorganism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Lipid molecular species analyses revealed that, after 60 min at 42°C, a strong decrease in specific polyunsaturated membrane lipids were observed together with an increase in polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs). The fact that decrease in the major chloroplastic monogalactosyldiacylglycerol MGDG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4 was mirrored by an accumulation of DAG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4 and TAG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4/sn3-18:3 indicated that newly accumulated TAGs were formed via direct conversion of MGDGs to DAGs then TAGs. Lipidomic analyses showed that the third fa...
Patient safety risk due to toxic degradation products is a potentially critical quality issue for... more Patient safety risk due to toxic degradation products is a potentially critical quality issue for a small group of useful drug substances. Although the pharmacokinetics of toxic drug degradation products may impact product safety, these data are frequently unavailable. The objective of this study is to incorporate the prediction capability of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models into a rational drug degradation product risk assessment procedure using a series of model drug degradants (substituted anilines). The PBPK models were parameterized using a combination of experimental and literature data and computational methods. The impact of model parameter uncertainty was incorporated into stochastic risk assessment procedure for estimating human safe exposure levels based on the novel use of a statistical metric called "PROB" for comparing probability that a human toxicity-target tissue exposure exceeds the rat exposure level at a critical no-observed-adverse-e...
KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017 Môn: TIẾNG NHẬT Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể... more KỲ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA NĂM 2017 Môn: TIẾNG NHẬT Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề Chọn phương án đúng (ứng với A hoặc B, C, D) cho cách viết bằng chữ Hán của phần được gạch chân trong các câu sau:
Oncogenic activation of BRAF fuels cancer growth by constitutively promoting RAS-independent mito... more Oncogenic activation of BRAF fuels cancer growth by constitutively promoting RAS-independent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signalling. Accordingly, RAF inhibitors have brought substantially improved personalized treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, these targeted agents have also revealed an unexpected consequence: stimulated growth of certain cancers. Structurally diverse ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors can either inhibit or paradoxically activate the MAPK pathway, depending whether activation is by BRAF mutation or by an upstream event, such as RAS mutation or receptor tyrosine kinase activation. Here we have identified next-generation RAF inhibitors (dubbed 'paradox…
Vietnam is ranked 14(th) among 27 countries with high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis ... more Vietnam is ranked 14(th) among 27 countries with high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In 2009, the Vietnamese government issued a policy on MDR-TB called Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) to enhance and scale up diagnosis and treatment services for MDR-TB. Here we assess the PMDT performance in 2013 to determine the challenges to the successful identification and enrollment for treatment of MDR-TB in Vietnam. In 35 provinces implementing PMDT, we quantified the number of MDR-TB presumptive patients tested for MDR-TB by Xpert MTB/RIF and the number of MDR-TB patients started on second-line treatment. In addition, existing reports and documents related to MDR-TB policies and guidelines in Vietnam were reviewed, supplemented with focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with MDR-TB key staff members. 5,668 (31.2 %) of estimated 18,165 MDR-TB presumptive cases were tested by Xpert MTB/RIF and second-line treatment was provided to 948 out of 5100 (18.7 %) of MDR-TB patients. Those tested for MDR-TB were 340/3224 (10.5 %) of TB-HIV co-infected patients and 290/2214 (13.1 %) of patients who remained sputum smear-positive after 2 and 3 months of category I TB regimen. Qualitative findings revealed the following challenges to detection and enrollment of MDR-TB in Vietnam: insufficient TB screening capacity at district hospitals where TB units were not available and poor communication and implementation of policy changes. Instructions for policy changes were not always received, and training was inconsistent between training courses. The private sector did not adequately report MDR-TB cases to the NTP. The proportion of MDR-TB patients diagnosed and enrolled for second-line treatment is less than 20 % of the estimated total. The low enrollment is largely due to the fact that many patients at risk are missed for MDR-TB screening. In order to detect more MDR-TB cases, Vietnam should intensify case finding of MDR-TB by a comprehensive strategy to screen for MDR-TB among new cases rather than targeting previously treated cases, in particular those with HIV co-infection and contacts of MDR-TB patients, and should engage the private sector in PMDT.
A Scoring Index for Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Implications for the Population-Based Assessment ... more A Scoring Index for Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Implications for the Population-Based Assessment of Hib, Meningococcal and Pneumococcal Vaccine Impact Background. Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) causes high mortality and severe sequelae. Yet, in many countries, a paucity of microbiology diagnostic facilities limit identification of children with treatable bacterial infections. Prospective surveillance for ABM in Vietnam provided an opportunity to develop a clinical score for bacterial meningitis among children aged 1--59 months. Methods. We randomly allocated 1,773 children with suspected ABM into two cohorts (derivation and validation). Independent predictors of ABM were identified by logistic regression. The resulting scoring index was evaluated in the validation cohort for its accuracy and ability to rule-in and rule-out acute bacterial meningitis. Results. A 10-point score for ABM consisting of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (score: 4 if >100 cells/mm3), ag...
A data management system of fresh water based on WebGIS technology is built to help managers to e... more A data management system of fresh water based on WebGIS technology is built to help managers to easily update data, statistical data and provides online maps such as water supply position, water supply pipelines. Website provides quickly and efficiently the information of fresh water supplying. WebGIS application system has used also the new features from spatial database management system SQL Server 2008 for the construction of thematic maps online
A numerical approach to solve a convection dominated problem is proposed. Obtaining accurate solu... more A numerical approach to solve a convection dominated problem is proposed. Obtaining accurate solutions is challenging due to the presence of layers. The goal is to design an adaptive algorithm which utilizes three main ingredients: a stablization method, a reliable and efficient a posteriori error estimator, and an adapted metric tensor to align the anisotropic mesh with the computed solution. An extension of this research will be the survey which compares current adaptive algorithms for solving this type of equations.
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim & Medical Imaging Conference, 2010
ABSTRACT We have designed, fabricated and tested a 64channel ohmic-type CdTe detector for the gam... more ABSTRACT We have designed, fabricated and tested a 64channel ohmic-type CdTe detector for the gamma camera application with aconventional PHA (Pulse Height Analysis) circuit dynamic ToT based circuit. The pixel size of the detector is 2mm × 2mm and it consists of 8×8 arrays. The thickness of detectors is 1mm. Our group has been proposing the energy resolving Time over Threshold method with a dynamically changing threshold (dynamic ToT). Although the ToT is suitable for the readout circuits for multi-pixel detectors because of the binary readout and circuit simplicity, the linearity of the ToT versus the input charge is rather poor. The dynamic ToT method greatly improves the linearity and dynamic range. We have tested 64channel CdTe detectors with a PHA method and dynamic ToT method and confirmed that dynamic ToT method is usable as a energy resolving system, and more suitable as a multi-channel individual readout system.
The coflow structure is useful when changes in one level simultaneously drive another set of chan... more The coflow structure is useful when changes in one level simultaneously drive another set of changes in a second level. Coflow structures can represent how psychological variables, such as average attitudes, are carried over as a group of people change status or designation. In modeling a problem of an agency, we had difficulties using the classic form of the coflow process to represent average attitudes towards the organization. Total Attitude, which is defined as a state variable, is hard to interpret. This is particularly true when attitudes are also influenced by organizational experience and may erode over time. This paper compares an isolated coflow structure with the coflow structure combined with an eroding process. Adding an eroding process to the classical coflow structure generated interesting behavior modes, such as logarithmic decline to a minimum and growth toward a higher equilibrium point. We suggest directly using Attitude as a stock rather than using Total Attitude...
A high-quality, comprehensive product catalog is essential to the success of Product Search engin... more A high-quality, comprehensive product catalog is essential to the success of Product Search engines and shopping sites such as Yahoo! Shopping, Google Product Search or Bing Shopping. But keeping catalogs up-to-date becomes a challenging task, calling for the need of automated techniques. In this paper, we introduce the problem of product synthesis, a key component of catalog creation and maintenance.
Studying how photosynthetic cells modify membrane lipids in response to heat stress is important ... more Studying how photosynthetic cells modify membrane lipids in response to heat stress is important to understand how plants and microalgae adapt to daily fluctuations in temperature and to investigate new lipid pathways. Here we investigate changes occurring in lipid molecular species and lipid metabolism genes during early response to heat stress in the model photosynthetic microorganism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Lipid molecular species analyses revealed that, after 60 min at 42°C, a strong decrease in specific polyunsaturated membrane lipids were observed together with an increase in polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs). The fact that decrease in the major chloroplastic monogalactosyldiacylglycerol MGDG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4 was mirrored by an accumulation of DAG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4 and TAG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4/sn3-18:3 indicated that newly accumulated TAGs were formed via direct conversion of MGDGs to DAGs then TAGs. Lipidomic analyses showed that the third fa...
Patient safety risk due to toxic degradation products is a potentially critical quality issue for... more Patient safety risk due to toxic degradation products is a potentially critical quality issue for a small group of useful drug substances. Although the pharmacokinetics of toxic drug degradation products may impact product safety, these data are frequently unavailable. The objective of this study is to incorporate the prediction capability of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models into a rational drug degradation product risk assessment procedure using a series of model drug degradants (substituted anilines). The PBPK models were parameterized using a combination of experimental and literature data and computational methods. The impact of model parameter uncertainty was incorporated into stochastic risk assessment procedure for estimating human safe exposure levels based on the novel use of a statistical metric called "PROB" for comparing probability that a human toxicity-target tissue exposure exceeds the rat exposure level at a critical no-observed-adverse-e...
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