Papers by Halgurd Maghdid
PeerJ Computer Science
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been used with greater frequency to track peoples’ daily activit... more The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been used with greater frequency to track peoples’ daily activities, particularly those conducted indoors. Wi-Fi technology has been also been used as an alternative to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technologies to track indoor activities. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is widely used to assist in the positioning of Wi-Fi signals. However, the RSSI-based technique suffers from multipath, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) problems and the fluctuation of RSSI measurements via Wi-Fi chipsets. One of the most well-known RSSI-based approaches is to apply the fingerprinting method to do the positioning. However, the fingerprinting-based form has an additional problem due to the lack of RSSI data samples, specifically in harsh area with a huge number of classes or reference points (RPs) and an unstable matching process algorithm. To mitigate the problems of the RSSI-based fingerprinting approach, this research proposes a novel matching pro...
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arXiv (Cornell University), Feb 13, 2023
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2018 1st International Conference on Advanced Research in Engineering Sciences (ARES), 2018
Gait recognition is a behavioral biometric system that has attracted a great deal of interest on ... more Gait recognition is a behavioral biometric system that has attracted a great deal of interest on the part of researchers recently. Several technologies such as CCTV camera and Kinect sensors have been used to recognize or to identify persons via their behavioral activities. However, using different image processing techniques and selecting various features to achieve high accuracy remains a challenge. This paper focuses on using a Kinect sensor for extracting gait signatures to be used for the process of gait identification. A set of triangles are created based on 20 joint points, which are provided by Kinect sensor. The uniqueness of this paper is the extracted feature based on the generated triangles using the triangle area and the three angles of each triangle, entitled the triangular grid feature (TGF). Furthermore, the extracted feature vector is a high dimensional feature set. Therefore, to reduce the dimensions of the feature vector, principal component analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are applied as dimension reduction methods. Finally, Linear Discriminant Classifier (LDC) and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) are used separately to test the performance of the proposed methods. The results obtained from the set of experiments shows that the proposed method achieves a significant result, and provides 90% and 87.3% in terms of recognition accuracy using k-NN and LDC, respectively.
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As one of the biometric recognition systems, gait recognition aims to recognize the human gait st... more As one of the biometric recognition systems, gait recognition aims to recognize the human gait style on-the-go when they walk. The Kinect sensor is a new camera originally designed for game play, which recently has been focused on by researchers, especially for gait based recognition methods. This study focuses on using Kinect sensor for extracting gait signatures to be used for gait recognition purposes. Moreover a new feature set is extracted by calculating Euclidean distance between each pair of 20 joint points, followed by the application of various statistical moments during one gait cycle, called the Euclidean Distance Feature (EDF). The extracted feature vector is a high dimensional feature set. Therefore, we need to decrease the dimensions of the feature set, hence we applied, Principal Component Analysis followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis. Finally, the Linear Discriminant Classifier (LDC) and Nearest Neighbors (NN) are used separately as classification methods. The results indicated that the proposed method achieves a significant result and provides a 92% recognition accuracy
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Evolutionary Intelligence
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ITM Web of Conferences, 2022
Smartphones are becoming more widespread, and location-based services (LBS) have become one of th... more Smartphones are becoming more widespread, and location-based services (LBS) have become one of the most important uses in people’s daily lives. While outdoor location is reasonably simple thanks to GNSS signals, however, indoor location is more problematic due to the lack of GNSS signals. As a result of the widespread deployment of alternative technologies such as wireless and sensors technologies, various studies on wireless-based indoor positioning have been conducted. However, each technology has its own limitations including multipath fading of wireless signals causes time-varying received signal strength as well as the accumulated error of the onboard sensors (i.e. sensor drift) resulting in poor localization accuracy. Motivated by these restrictions, this work integrates the applicability of two technologies for indoor positioning that are already available in smartphones by avoiding their limitation. The integration is based on fingerprinting-positioning technique by includin...
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ITM Web of Conferences, 2022
This paper intended to investigate and analyze encryption algorithms that can be proposed to perf... more This paper intended to investigate and analyze encryption algorithms that can be proposed to perform data security in 4G and 5G networks. The research explores different standards, services, and features presented via 4G and 5G networks. Also, the basic components of encryption algorithms (e.g., ZUC, SNOW 3G, and AES) are investigated. For instance, initialization keys have been identified and analyzed due to their vital roles in determining the security of the encryption algorithms. Moreover, the researchers analyzed the effective elements of these algorithms (i.e., LFSR registers, substitution boxes, NLF functions like finite state machines, Math transformations, secret encryption keys, and non-secret IV keys). Cryptanalysis methods play important roles in determining the security of these algorithms. Thus, some cryptanalysis methods have been explored and investigated. Various weak points have been identified in initialization process of these algorithms. Therefore, different rec...
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Studies in Big Data, 2020
In this paper, we performed a comparative analysis using machine learning algorithms named suppor... more In this paper, we performed a comparative analysis using machine learning algorithms named support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and convolution neural network (CNN) to classify pneumonia level (mild, progressive, and severe stage) of the COVID-19 confirmed patients. More precisely, the proposed model consists of two phases: first, the model computes the volume and density of lesions and opacities of the CT images using morphological approaches. In the second phase, we use machine learning algorithms to classify the pneumonia level of the confirmed COVID-19 patient. Extensive experiments have been carried out and the results show the accuracy of 91.304%, 91.4%, 87.5%, 95.622% for kNN, SVM, DT, and CNN, respectively. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018.
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2013 International Conference on Computer Applications Technology (ICCAT), 2013
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Kurdistan Journal for Applied Research, 2017
Positioning system used for different purposes and different services, many researches are going ... more Positioning system used for different purposes and different services, many researches are going on to find a more accurate position with low error within high performance. There are many localization solutions with different architectures, configurations, accuracies and reliabilities for both outdoors and indoors. For example, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology has been used for outdoors. Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the most common outdoors tracking solutions in the world, for outdoors, however, when indoors; it could not be accurately tracked users by using a GPS system. This is because, when users enters into indoors the GPS signals will no longer available due to blocked by the roof of buildings and it is no longer considered as a viable option. WiFi Positioning System (WPS) can be used as an alternative solution to define users’ position, especially when GPS signal is not available. Further, WPS is a low cost solution, because there is no need ...
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Wireless Personal Communications
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COVID-19 (also known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus) first emerged in Wuhan, China and spread across t... more COVID-19 (also known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus) first emerged in Wuhan, China and spread across the globe with unprecedented effect and has now become the greatest crisis of the modern era. The COVID-19 has proved much more pervasive demands for diagnosis that has driven researchers to develop more intelligent, highly responsive and efficient detection methods. In this work, we focus on proposing AI tools that can be used by radiologists or healthcare professionals to diagnose COVID-19 cases in a quick and accurate manner. However, the lack of a publicly available dataset of X-ray and CT images makes the design of such AI tools a challenging task. To this end, this study aims to build a comprehensive dataset of X-rays and CT scan images from multiple sources as well as provides a simple but an effective COVID-19 detection technique using deep learning and transfer learning algorithms. In this vein, a simple convolution neural network (CNN) and modified pre-trained AlexNet model are ...
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The emergence of novel COVID-19 causing an overload in health system and high mortality rate. The... more The emergence of novel COVID-19 causing an overload in health system and high mortality rate. The key priority is to contain the epidemic and prevent the infection rate. In this context, many countries are now in some degree of lockdown to ensure extreme social distancing of entire population and hence slowing down the epidemic spread. Further, authorities use case quarantine strategy and manual second/third contact-tracing to contain the COVID-19 disease. However, manual contact tracing is time consuming and labor-intensive task which tremendously overload public health systems. In this paper, we developed a smartphone-based approach to automatically and widely trace the contacts for confirmed COVID-19 cases. Particularly, contact-tracing approach creates a list of individuals in the vicinity and notifying contacts or officials of confirmed COVID-19 cases. This approach is not only providing awareness to individuals they are in the proximity to the infected area, but also tracks th...
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Location-based services (LBS) are becoming an important feature on today’s smartphones (SPs) and ... more Location-based services (LBS) are becoming an important feature on today’s smartphones (SPs) and tablets. Likewise, SPs include many wireless/sensors technologies such as: global navigation satellite system (GNSS), cellular, wireless fidelity (WiFi), Bluetooth (BT) and inertial-sensors that increased the breadth and complexity of such services. One of the main demand of LBS users is always/seamless positioning service. However, no single onboard SPs technology can seamlessly provide location information from outdoors into indoors. In addition, the required location accuracy can be varied to support multiple LBS applications. This is mainly due to each of these onboard wireless/sensors technologies has its own capabilities and limitations. For example, when outdoors GNSS receivers on SPs can locate the user to within few meters and supply accurate time to within few nanoseconds (e.g. ± 6 nanoseconds). However, when SPs enter into indoors this capability would be lost. In another vain...
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Cooperative Localization and Navigation, 2019
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The number of connected mobile devices and Internet of Things (IoT) is growing around us, rapidly... more The number of connected mobile devices and Internet of Things (IoT) is growing around us, rapidly. Since, most of the people daily activities are relying on these connected things or devices. Specifically, this past year (with COVID-19) changed daily life in abroad and this is increased the use of IoT enabled technologies in health sector, work, and play. Further, the most common service via using these technologies is the localization/positioning service for different applications including: geo-tagging, billing, contact tracing, health-care system, point-of-interest recommendations, social networking, security, and more. Despite the availability of a large number of localization solutions in the literature, the precision of localization cannot meet the needs of consumers. For that reason, this paper provides an in-depth investigation of the existing technologies and techniques in the localization field, within the IoT era. Furthermore, the benefits and drawbacks of each technique ...
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Kurdistan Journal for Applied Research
This study investigates a novel three-dimension gait recognition approach based on skeleton repre... more This study investigates a novel three-dimension gait recognition approach based on skeleton representation of motion by the cheap consumer level camera Kinect sensor. In this work, a new exemplification of human gait signature is proposed using the spatio-temporal variations in relative angles among various skeletal joints and changing of measured distance between limbs and land. These measurements are computed during one gait cycle. Further, we have created our own dataset based on Kinect sensor and extract two sets of dynamic features. Nearest Neighbors and Linear Discriminant Classifier (LDC) are used for classification. The results of the experiments show the proposed approach as an effective and human gait recognizer in comparison with current Kinect-based gait recognition methods.
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2019 5th International Conference on Frontiers of Signal Processing (ICFSP), 2019
Technology progression in the last decades leads to many smartphone advancements, such as embeddi... more Technology progression in the last decades leads to many smartphone advancements, such as embedding variety of sensors for various measurement and applications. Positioning sensors (Accelerometer, Gyroscope, and Magnetometer) are one of the significant developments. Besides this, indoor positioning services on smartphones are the main advantage of these sensors. There are many indoor positioning applications, for instance; indoor navigation, asset tracking, controlling in warehouse, rescue operation, and entertainment applications. Nevertheless, precise position information through current positioning techniques is the main issue of these applications. The pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) technique is one of the techniques in which the integration of onboard sensors is used for locating smartphones. Estimated distance, heading, and typical speed can be measured to determine the estimated position of the smartphone via using the PDR technique. The PDR technique offers a low positionin...
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Coronaviruses are a famous family of viruses that cause illness in both humans and animals. The n... more Coronaviruses are a famous family of viruses that cause illness in both humans and animals. The new type of coronavirus COVID-19 was firstly discovered in Wuhan, China. However, recently, the virus has widely spread in most of the world and causing a pandemic according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Further, nowadays, all the world countries are striving to control the COVID-19. There are many mechanisms to detect coronavirus including clinical analysis of chest CT scan images and blood test results. The confirmed COVID-19 patient manifests as fever, tiredness, and dry cough. Particularly, several techniques can be used to detect the initial results of the virus such as medical detection Kits. However, such devices are incurring huge cost, taking time to install them and use. Therefore, in this paper, a new framework is proposed to detect COVID-19 using built-in smartphone sensors. The proposal provides a low-cost solution, since most of radiologists have already held smart...
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Papers by Halgurd Maghdid