FIGURE 6. Bayesian tree based on the concatenated COI and cytb data set. Values on the branches r... more FIGURE 6. Bayesian tree based on the concatenated COI and cytb data set. Values on the branches represent bootstrap supports from the parsimony/maximum likelihood analyses, and the posterior probabilities (x100 for the latter values for easy comparison) from the Bayesian analysis. SNPs indicated above the branches represent the detected synapomorphies provided by the three nuclear markers. Colors, field numbers and locality identifiers are as in Figure 1 and Appendix 2.
Phormia regina (the black fly) is a common Holarctic blow fly species which serves as a primary i... more Phormia regina (the black fly) is a common Holarctic blow fly species which serves as a primary indicator taxon to estimate minimal post mortem intervals. It is also a major research model in physiological and neurological studies on insect feeding. Previous studies have shown a sequence divergence of up to 4.3% in the mitochondrial COI gene between W European and N American P. regina populations. Here, we DNA barcoded P. regina specimens from six N American and 17 W European populations and confirmed a mean sequence divergence of ca. 4 % between the populations of the two continents, while sequence divergence within each continent was a ten-fold lower. Comparable mean mtDNA sequence divergences were observed for COII (3.7%) and cytb (5.3%), but mean divergence was lower for 16S (0.4–0.6%). Intercontinental divergence at nuclear DNA was very low ( ≤ 0.1 % for both 28S and ITS2), and we did not detect any morphological differentiation between N American and W European specimens. Ther...
Recent molecular analyses revealed that many so called “circum-Antarctic” benthic crustacean spec... more Recent molecular analyses revealed that many so called “circum-Antarctic” benthic crustacean species appeared to be a complex of cryptic species with restricted distributions. In this study we used DNA barcoding to detect possible cryptic diversity and to test the circumpolarity of species belonging to the amphipod genus Orchomene s. lat. (superfamily Lysianassoidea). The analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences indicated (1) a genetic homogeneity among specimens from remote sampling sites in some species and (2) genetically divergent, cryptic taxa in other species. In addition, the DNA barcoding served as a quick survey for species diversity and enabled us to detect new species within the Orchomene complex. The results were confirmed by further analyses based on 28S rRNA sequences. The detection of cryptic species may modify our current views on the species richness and distributions in the Antarctic Lysianassoidea, the most abundant amphipod group in the Southern...
Morphological and allozyme analyses suggested the occurrence of a pseudocryptic species in the La... more Morphological and allozyme analyses suggested the occurrence of a pseudocryptic species in the Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802) species complex (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). We analysed the morphology of more than 1500 specimens and the DNA barcode fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of 102 specimens of this species complex from several Palaearctic countries. Our phylogenetic tree reconstructions, based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference revealed one clade corresponding to all specimens morphologically identified as Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) and one divergent specimen morphologically identified as Lasioglossum berberum (Benoist, 1941). The other specimens, morphologically identified as L. villosulum, aggregated into at least three other lineages in our phylogenetic trees. The tree-based species delineations methods based on the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model and the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) identified five to ten can...
The hoverfly genus Eristalinus (Diptera, Syrphidae) contains many widespread pollinators. The maj... more The hoverfly genus Eristalinus (Diptera, Syrphidae) contains many widespread pollinators. The majority of the species of Eristalinus occur in the Afrotropics and their molecular systematics still needs to be investigated. This study presents the first complete and annotated mitochondrial genomes for five species of Eristalinus. They were obtained by high-throughput sequencing of total genomic DNA. The total length of the mitogenomes varied between 15 757 and 16 245 base pairs. Gene composition, positions, and orientation were shared across species, and were identical to those observed for other Diptera. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) based on the 13 protein coding and both rRNA genes suggested that the subgenus Eristalinus was paraphyletic with respect to the subgenus Eristalodes. An analysis of the phylogenetic informativeness of all protein coding and rRNA genes suggested that NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, n...
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, Aug 1, 2016
Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used to jointly assess phylogenetic relat... more Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used to jointly assess phylogenetic relationships, interspecific hybridization and species delimitation in the cryptic, non-model land snail complex Pyramidula. A robust phylogeny was inferred using a matrix of concatenated sequences of almost 1,500,000bp long, containing >97,000 polymorphic sites. Maximum likelihood analyses fully resolved the phylogenetic relationships among species and drastically improved phylogenetic trees obtained from mtDNA and nDNA gene trees (COI, 16S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2 and 28S rRNA sequence data). The best species delimitation scenario was selected on the basis of 875 unlinked single nucleotide polymorphisms, showing that nine Pyramidula species should be distinguished in Europe. Applying D-statistics provided no or weak evidence of interspecific hybridization among Pyramidula, except for some evidence of gene flow between two species.
FIGURE 6. Bayesian tree based on the concatenated COI and cytb data set. Values on the branches r... more FIGURE 6. Bayesian tree based on the concatenated COI and cytb data set. Values on the branches represent bootstrap supports from the parsimony/maximum likelihood analyses, and the posterior probabilities (x100 for the latter values for easy comparison) from the Bayesian analysis. SNPs indicated above the branches represent the detected synapomorphies provided by the three nuclear markers. Colors, field numbers and locality identifiers are as in Figure 1 and Appendix 2.
Phormia regina (the black fly) is a common Holarctic blow fly species which serves as a primary i... more Phormia regina (the black fly) is a common Holarctic blow fly species which serves as a primary indicator taxon to estimate minimal post mortem intervals. It is also a major research model in physiological and neurological studies on insect feeding. Previous studies have shown a sequence divergence of up to 4.3% in the mitochondrial COI gene between W European and N American P. regina populations. Here, we DNA barcoded P. regina specimens from six N American and 17 W European populations and confirmed a mean sequence divergence of ca. 4 % between the populations of the two continents, while sequence divergence within each continent was a ten-fold lower. Comparable mean mtDNA sequence divergences were observed for COII (3.7%) and cytb (5.3%), but mean divergence was lower for 16S (0.4–0.6%). Intercontinental divergence at nuclear DNA was very low ( ≤ 0.1 % for both 28S and ITS2), and we did not detect any morphological differentiation between N American and W European specimens. Ther...
Recent molecular analyses revealed that many so called “circum-Antarctic” benthic crustacean spec... more Recent molecular analyses revealed that many so called “circum-Antarctic” benthic crustacean species appeared to be a complex of cryptic species with restricted distributions. In this study we used DNA barcoding to detect possible cryptic diversity and to test the circumpolarity of species belonging to the amphipod genus Orchomene s. lat. (superfamily Lysianassoidea). The analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences indicated (1) a genetic homogeneity among specimens from remote sampling sites in some species and (2) genetically divergent, cryptic taxa in other species. In addition, the DNA barcoding served as a quick survey for species diversity and enabled us to detect new species within the Orchomene complex. The results were confirmed by further analyses based on 28S rRNA sequences. The detection of cryptic species may modify our current views on the species richness and distributions in the Antarctic Lysianassoidea, the most abundant amphipod group in the Southern...
Morphological and allozyme analyses suggested the occurrence of a pseudocryptic species in the La... more Morphological and allozyme analyses suggested the occurrence of a pseudocryptic species in the Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802) species complex (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). We analysed the morphology of more than 1500 specimens and the DNA barcode fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of 102 specimens of this species complex from several Palaearctic countries. Our phylogenetic tree reconstructions, based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference revealed one clade corresponding to all specimens morphologically identified as Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) and one divergent specimen morphologically identified as Lasioglossum berberum (Benoist, 1941). The other specimens, morphologically identified as L. villosulum, aggregated into at least three other lineages in our phylogenetic trees. The tree-based species delineations methods based on the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model and the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) identified five to ten can...
The hoverfly genus Eristalinus (Diptera, Syrphidae) contains many widespread pollinators. The maj... more The hoverfly genus Eristalinus (Diptera, Syrphidae) contains many widespread pollinators. The majority of the species of Eristalinus occur in the Afrotropics and their molecular systematics still needs to be investigated. This study presents the first complete and annotated mitochondrial genomes for five species of Eristalinus. They were obtained by high-throughput sequencing of total genomic DNA. The total length of the mitogenomes varied between 15 757 and 16 245 base pairs. Gene composition, positions, and orientation were shared across species, and were identical to those observed for other Diptera. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) based on the 13 protein coding and both rRNA genes suggested that the subgenus Eristalinus was paraphyletic with respect to the subgenus Eristalodes. An analysis of the phylogenetic informativeness of all protein coding and rRNA genes suggested that NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, n...
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, Aug 1, 2016
Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used to jointly assess phylogenetic relat... more Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used to jointly assess phylogenetic relationships, interspecific hybridization and species delimitation in the cryptic, non-model land snail complex Pyramidula. A robust phylogeny was inferred using a matrix of concatenated sequences of almost 1,500,000bp long, containing >97,000 polymorphic sites. Maximum likelihood analyses fully resolved the phylogenetic relationships among species and drastically improved phylogenetic trees obtained from mtDNA and nDNA gene trees (COI, 16S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2 and 28S rRNA sequence data). The best species delimitation scenario was selected on the basis of 875 unlinked single nucleotide polymorphisms, showing that nine Pyramidula species should be distinguished in Europe. Applying D-statistics provided no or weak evidence of interspecific hybridization among Pyramidula, except for some evidence of gene flow between two species.
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