Flax shives and beech wood residues represent biomass streams that are abundant in Northwest Euro... more Flax shives and beech wood residues represent biomass streams that are abundant in Northwest Europe. These primary feedstocks were evaluated for their suitability to produce biochar as a low environmental-impact adsorbent. The efficacy of the produced biochars was tested by their adsorption capacity towards methylene blue (MB). A series of adsorption tests with carbamazepine is also presented, focusing on the better performing beech wood biochar. Post treatment of the biochars with citric acid (CA) and oxidation of the surface by heating at 250 °C in a muffle oven were carried out to enhance the adsorption capacities of both flax shives biochar (FSBC) and beech biochar (BBC). The resulting physicochemical characteristics are described. The thermally treated biochars have specific surface areas of 388 m2·g−1 and 272 m2·g−1 compared to the untreated biochars with 368 and 142 m2·g−1 for BBC and FSBC, respectively. CA treatment leads to enhancement of the oxygenated surface functional g...
Qualitative and quantitative measurements of tar from poultry litter gasification in an air-blown... more Qualitative and quantitative measurements of tar from poultry litter gasification in an air-blown fluidised bed.
ABSTRACT This chapter gives an overview of the main ash formation and deposition mechanisms for v... more ABSTRACT This chapter gives an overview of the main ash formation and deposition mechanisms for various relevant biomass fuels, also in blends with selected coals, in pulverised-fuel (PF) boilers. The chapter is divided into three sections. In the first, a general outline of the ash formation mechanisms is given. The second section gives a review of experimental and analytical techniques for the (lab-scale) characterisation of fuels, with the emphasis on the ash-forming elements contents and fate during the combustion. Fuel reactivity and burnout, devolatilisation behaviour, N-release and slagging and fouling propensity are discussed. Also, a detailed overview of the experimental conditions and their relevance for the existing as well as the future technologies is given. Further an outline of diagnostic techniques for the in-boiler characterisation of slagging and fouling is issued. In the third section, key ash-formation phenomena are discussed for various pure biomass fuels and selected typical coals. This is done on the basis of exemplified results, generated with the techniques discussed in the foregoing section. For slagging and fouling this is also backed up with data from full-scale diagnostic measurements.
Three promising biomass fuels from southern European regions were gasified atmospherically with a... more Three promising biomass fuels from southern European regions were gasified atmospherically with air in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor with quartz or olivine as bed material. The fuels used were an agro-industrial residue (olive bagasse) and the energy crops giant reed and sweet sorghum bagasse. Varying air ratios and temperatures were tested to study the impact on the product gas composition and tar load. Tars were higher in the case of olive bagasse, attributed to its higher lignin content compared to the other two biomasses with higher cellulose. Giant reed gasification causes agglomeration and defluidisation problems at 790?C while olive bagasse shows the least agglomeration tendency. The particular olivine material promoted the destruction of tars, but to a lesser level than other reported works; this was attributed to its limited iron content. It also promoted the H2 and CO2 production while CO content decreased. Methane yield was slightly affected (decreased) with olivine, ...
This paper presents a comparative study on ash formation and deposition of selected coal/biomass ... more This paper presents a comparative study on ash formation and deposition of selected coal/biomass blend s under oxyfuel and air combustion conditions in a lab scal e reactor simulating typical pulverized fuel combus tion conditions. A horizontal deposition probe at a fixe d distance from the burner was used, to simulate as h deposition on heat transfer surfaces, and a staged ash filter to obtain size distributed ash samples were used. The fouling factors for the blends were calculated using on-line data suppl ied from the ring shaped heat-flux sensor on the de position probe, taking into account the overall heat transfer coeff icient change during the test. Deposit and staged f ilter ash samples were subjected to SEM/EDS and ICP analyses. FactSage was used to calculate the equilibrium composition in order to evaluate the tests.
Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) was co-fired in a laboratory scale fluidized bed combustion (FBC) appara... more Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) was co-fired in a laboratory scale fluidized bed combustion (FBC) apparatus with two coals. Several fuel blends were combusted under different conditions to study how primary fuel substitution by MBM affects flue gas emissions as ...
Flax shives and beech wood residues represent biomass streams that are abundant in Northwest Euro... more Flax shives and beech wood residues represent biomass streams that are abundant in Northwest Europe. These primary feedstocks were evaluated for their suitability to produce biochar as a low environmental-impact adsorbent. The efficacy of the produced biochars was tested by their adsorption capacity towards methylene blue (MB). A series of adsorption tests with carbamazepine is also presented, focusing on the better performing beech wood biochar. Post treatment of the biochars with citric acid (CA) and oxidation of the surface by heating at 250 °C in a muffle oven were carried out to enhance the adsorption capacities of both flax shives biochar (FSBC) and beech biochar (BBC). The resulting physicochemical characteristics are described. The thermally treated biochars have specific surface areas of 388 m2·g−1 and 272 m2·g−1 compared to the untreated biochars with 368 and 142 m2·g−1 for BBC and FSBC, respectively. CA treatment leads to enhancement of the oxygenated surface functional g...
Qualitative and quantitative measurements of tar from poultry litter gasification in an air-blown... more Qualitative and quantitative measurements of tar from poultry litter gasification in an air-blown fluidised bed.
ABSTRACT This chapter gives an overview of the main ash formation and deposition mechanisms for v... more ABSTRACT This chapter gives an overview of the main ash formation and deposition mechanisms for various relevant biomass fuels, also in blends with selected coals, in pulverised-fuel (PF) boilers. The chapter is divided into three sections. In the first, a general outline of the ash formation mechanisms is given. The second section gives a review of experimental and analytical techniques for the (lab-scale) characterisation of fuels, with the emphasis on the ash-forming elements contents and fate during the combustion. Fuel reactivity and burnout, devolatilisation behaviour, N-release and slagging and fouling propensity are discussed. Also, a detailed overview of the experimental conditions and their relevance for the existing as well as the future technologies is given. Further an outline of diagnostic techniques for the in-boiler characterisation of slagging and fouling is issued. In the third section, key ash-formation phenomena are discussed for various pure biomass fuels and selected typical coals. This is done on the basis of exemplified results, generated with the techniques discussed in the foregoing section. For slagging and fouling this is also backed up with data from full-scale diagnostic measurements.
Three promising biomass fuels from southern European regions were gasified atmospherically with a... more Three promising biomass fuels from southern European regions were gasified atmospherically with air in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor with quartz or olivine as bed material. The fuels used were an agro-industrial residue (olive bagasse) and the energy crops giant reed and sweet sorghum bagasse. Varying air ratios and temperatures were tested to study the impact on the product gas composition and tar load. Tars were higher in the case of olive bagasse, attributed to its higher lignin content compared to the other two biomasses with higher cellulose. Giant reed gasification causes agglomeration and defluidisation problems at 790?C while olive bagasse shows the least agglomeration tendency. The particular olivine material promoted the destruction of tars, but to a lesser level than other reported works; this was attributed to its limited iron content. It also promoted the H2 and CO2 production while CO content decreased. Methane yield was slightly affected (decreased) with olivine, ...
This paper presents a comparative study on ash formation and deposition of selected coal/biomass ... more This paper presents a comparative study on ash formation and deposition of selected coal/biomass blend s under oxyfuel and air combustion conditions in a lab scal e reactor simulating typical pulverized fuel combus tion conditions. A horizontal deposition probe at a fixe d distance from the burner was used, to simulate as h deposition on heat transfer surfaces, and a staged ash filter to obtain size distributed ash samples were used. The fouling factors for the blends were calculated using on-line data suppl ied from the ring shaped heat-flux sensor on the de position probe, taking into account the overall heat transfer coeff icient change during the test. Deposit and staged f ilter ash samples were subjected to SEM/EDS and ICP analyses. FactSage was used to calculate the equilibrium composition in order to evaluate the tests.
Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) was co-fired in a laboratory scale fluidized bed combustion (FBC) appara... more Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) was co-fired in a laboratory scale fluidized bed combustion (FBC) apparatus with two coals. Several fuel blends were combusted under different conditions to study how primary fuel substitution by MBM affects flue gas emissions as ...
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