Various environmental factors can affect the health of the population in communities. We develope... more Various environmental factors can affect the health of the population in communities. We developed an environmental health risk indicator, the Cumulative health-based environmental risk indicator for outdoor pollutants (CHERIO) to rank the local potential risk and to compare the consequences of various policy alternatives. Noise from transport and industrial sources, and air pollution are currently the fundamental ingredients of CHERIO. We illustrate in this paper one of CHERIO’s features, its (potential) use as benchmark for environmental health performance of municipalities, and discuss its opportunities and limitations.
The objective of this report is (a) the updating and refinement of European air quality maps base... more The objective of this report is (a) the updating and refinement of European air quality maps based on annual statistics of the 2005 observational data reported by EEA Member countries in 2006, and (b) the further improvement of the interpolation methodologies. The paper presents the results achieved and an uncertainty analysis of the interpolated maps and builds upon earlier reports from Horalek et al. (2005; 2007).
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2011
Long term exposure estimates over large areas can be made using a combination of air quality mode... more Long term exposure estimates over large areas can be made using a combination of air quality models and population density data. However, the grid resolution of such models is often limited to 25–50 km and there may be a significant level of unresolved variability within the grids that will impact on the exposure estimates. In this paper the sub-grid variability is assessed using air quality monitoring (AirBase) and population data, concentrating on the covariance of concentration and population, which is the defining term in estimating sub-grid population exposure. The error that occurs when calculating the urban background exposure is assessed. The assessment shows that the error made in the exposure calculation for all of Europe is small for typical CTM resolutions of 50 km. The error is largest for NO2, where the average European urban background exposure is underestimated by 16%. Particulate matter is also underestimated, but only by 6%. Conversely, estimates of ozone exposure (SOMO35) are overestimated by a factor of 15%.
The European topic centre for air pollution and climate change mitigation (ETC/ACM) has been deve... more The European topic centre for air pollution and climate change mitigation (ETC/ACM) has been developing mapping methods and operationally providing maps of European wide air quality for a number of years, as part of its tasks for the European Environment Agency (EEA). These maps are used to present the current state of air quality in Europe and to assess the population exposure throughout Europe and its Member States. To create these maps, monitoring data from the AirBase database is combined with other spatially resolved supplementary data (e.g. EMEP model outputs, altitude, population, meteorology) by first applying multiple linear regression to the supplementary data, to provide a spatial trend, and there after applying ordinary kriging to the residuals from this trend. Currently maps for PM10 and ozone indicators are operationally produced and more recently maps of PM2.5, using additional 'pseudo' PM2.5 observational data, have also been produced. These maps are provided...
There is a need at the European policy and management level to have access to comprehensive asses... more There is a need at the European policy and management level to have access to comprehensive assessments of air quality on the European scale. In support of this need the European Topic Centre for Air Quality and Climate Change carries out, on behalf of the European Environmental Agency, a range of European scale air quality mapping activities. In this paper statistical interpolation techniques have been applied to map and assess the rural background concentrations of PM10 and ozone on a daily basis over all of Europe. These daily maps are further used to determine exceedances of the air quality directive limit values for annual and daily mean PM10 as well as the percentile (26'th highest) 8 hour running mean for ozone. The maps are created using multiple linear regression of both the LOTOS-EUROS and EMEP chemical transport models along with daily air quality data taken from Airbase. Residual kriging of the regression fields is then applied for the final maps. Comparisons are mad...
Various environmental factors can affect the health of the population in communities. We develope... more Various environmental factors can affect the health of the population in communities. We developed an environmental health risk indicator, the Cumulative health-based environmental risk indicator for outdoor pollutants (CHERIO) to rank the local potential risk and to compare the consequences of various policy alternatives. Noise from transport and industrial sources, and air pollution are currently the fundamental ingredients of CHERIO. We illustrate in this paper one of CHERIO’s features, its (potential) use as benchmark for environmental health performance of municipalities, and discuss its opportunities and limitations.
The objective of this report is (a) the updating and refinement of European air quality maps base... more The objective of this report is (a) the updating and refinement of European air quality maps based on annual statistics of the 2005 observational data reported by EEA Member countries in 2006, and (b) the further improvement of the interpolation methodologies. The paper presents the results achieved and an uncertainty analysis of the interpolated maps and builds upon earlier reports from Horalek et al. (2005; 2007).
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2011
Long term exposure estimates over large areas can be made using a combination of air quality mode... more Long term exposure estimates over large areas can be made using a combination of air quality models and population density data. However, the grid resolution of such models is often limited to 25–50 km and there may be a significant level of unresolved variability within the grids that will impact on the exposure estimates. In this paper the sub-grid variability is assessed using air quality monitoring (AirBase) and population data, concentrating on the covariance of concentration and population, which is the defining term in estimating sub-grid population exposure. The error that occurs when calculating the urban background exposure is assessed. The assessment shows that the error made in the exposure calculation for all of Europe is small for typical CTM resolutions of 50 km. The error is largest for NO2, where the average European urban background exposure is underestimated by 16%. Particulate matter is also underestimated, but only by 6%. Conversely, estimates of ozone exposure (SOMO35) are overestimated by a factor of 15%.
The European topic centre for air pollution and climate change mitigation (ETC/ACM) has been deve... more The European topic centre for air pollution and climate change mitigation (ETC/ACM) has been developing mapping methods and operationally providing maps of European wide air quality for a number of years, as part of its tasks for the European Environment Agency (EEA). These maps are used to present the current state of air quality in Europe and to assess the population exposure throughout Europe and its Member States. To create these maps, monitoring data from the AirBase database is combined with other spatially resolved supplementary data (e.g. EMEP model outputs, altitude, population, meteorology) by first applying multiple linear regression to the supplementary data, to provide a spatial trend, and there after applying ordinary kriging to the residuals from this trend. Currently maps for PM10 and ozone indicators are operationally produced and more recently maps of PM2.5, using additional 'pseudo' PM2.5 observational data, have also been produced. These maps are provided...
There is a need at the European policy and management level to have access to comprehensive asses... more There is a need at the European policy and management level to have access to comprehensive assessments of air quality on the European scale. In support of this need the European Topic Centre for Air Quality and Climate Change carries out, on behalf of the European Environmental Agency, a range of European scale air quality mapping activities. In this paper statistical interpolation techniques have been applied to map and assess the rural background concentrations of PM10 and ozone on a daily basis over all of Europe. These daily maps are further used to determine exceedances of the air quality directive limit values for annual and daily mean PM10 as well as the percentile (26'th highest) 8 hour running mean for ozone. The maps are created using multiple linear regression of both the LOTOS-EUROS and EMEP chemical transport models along with daily air quality data taken from Airbase. Residual kriging of the regression fields is then applied for the final maps. Comparisons are mad...
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