How the covalent modification of mRNA ribonucleotides, termed epitranscriptomic modifications, al... more How the covalent modification of mRNA ribonucleotides, termed epitranscriptomic modifications, alters mRNA function remains unclear. One issue has been the difficulty of quantifying these modifications. Using purified HIV-1 genomic RNA, we show that this RNA bears more epitranscriptomic modifications than the average cellular mRNA, with 5-methylcytosine (m 5 C) and 2 0 O-methyl modifications being particularly prevalent. The methyltransferase NSUN2 serves as the primary writer for m 5 C on HIV-1 RNAs. NSUN2 inactivation inhibits not only m 5 C addition to HIV-1 transcripts but also viral replication. This inhibition results from reduced HIV-1 protein, but not mRNA, expression, which in turn correlates with reduced ribosome binding to viral mRNAs. In addition, loss of m 5 C dysregulates the alternative splicing of viral RNAs. These data identify m 5 C as a post-transcriptional regulator of both splicing and function of HIV-1 mRNA, thereby affecting directly viral gene expression.
Mathematical modeling of the effect of pressure on low-temperature oxidation of coal indicates th... more Mathematical modeling of the effect of pressure on low-temperature oxidation of coal indicates that, high partial pressure of oxygen significantly accelerates the physical and chemical interaction between coal and oxygen. Based on these findings, this paper develops a new test method for ranking the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous combustion, using a high-pressure technique to shorten the testing period. By combining an isothermal high-pressure fixed-bed flow reactor with appropriate diagnostic instrumentation, an experimental facility is designed to determine the rate of coal oxidation, the concentration of oxygenated products, as well as the rate of heat release during oxidation. It is expected that, when the facility is operated at a partial pressure of oxygen of 5MPa, the time needed to carry out an experiment will be shortened by 75% in comparison to the data reported in the literature at atmospheric pressure.
How the covalent modification of mRNA ribonucleotides, termed epitranscriptomic modifications, al... more How the covalent modification of mRNA ribonucleotides, termed epitranscriptomic modifications, alters mRNA function remains unclear. One issue has been the difficulty of quantifying these modifications. Using purified HIV-1 genomic RNA, we show that this RNA bears more epitranscriptomic modifications than the average cellular mRNA, with 5-methylcytosine (m 5 C) and 2 0 O-methyl modifications being particularly prevalent. The methyltransferase NSUN2 serves as the primary writer for m 5 C on HIV-1 RNAs. NSUN2 inactivation inhibits not only m 5 C addition to HIV-1 transcripts but also viral replication. This inhibition results from reduced HIV-1 protein, but not mRNA, expression, which in turn correlates with reduced ribosome binding to viral mRNAs. In addition, loss of m 5 C dysregulates the alternative splicing of viral RNAs. These data identify m 5 C as a post-transcriptional regulator of both splicing and function of HIV-1 mRNA, thereby affecting directly viral gene expression.
Mathematical modeling of the effect of pressure on low-temperature oxidation of coal indicates th... more Mathematical modeling of the effect of pressure on low-temperature oxidation of coal indicates that, high partial pressure of oxygen significantly accelerates the physical and chemical interaction between coal and oxygen. Based on these findings, this paper develops a new test method for ranking the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous combustion, using a high-pressure technique to shorten the testing period. By combining an isothermal high-pressure fixed-bed flow reactor with appropriate diagnostic instrumentation, an experimental facility is designed to determine the rate of coal oxidation, the concentration of oxygenated products, as well as the rate of heat release during oxidation. It is expected that, when the facility is operated at a partial pressure of oxygen of 5MPa, the time needed to carry out an experiment will be shortened by 75% in comparison to the data reported in the literature at atmospheric pressure.
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Papers by Edward Kennedy