Papers by Dominique Cluzel
Minerals, Apr 28, 2024
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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009
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Journal of Biogeography, Jun 23, 2023
AimAlthough New Caledonia (NC) is now considered an oceanic island that emerged ca. 60 Ma, a few ... more AimAlthough New Caledonia (NC) is now considered an oceanic island that emerged ca. 60 Ma, a few terrestrial clades are significantly older, raising the question of the origin of these groups. Classically, old lineages on more recent islands are hypothesized to originate through a process of hopping on now‐vanished islands (i.e., island‐hopping hypothesis) or other territories. We aim to test this hypothesis by studying a group of cockroaches with several lineages found in NC.LocationNew Caledonia, New Zealand, Australia.TaxonInsects: Blattodea.MethodsWe generated a dated phylogeny for blattid cockroaches (Blattidae and Tryonicidae) using Bayesian inference along with fossil calibrations. We reviewed studies on the palaeogeography of the Southwest Pacific region, including hypotheses about the existence of yet‐to‐be‐discovered past islands, and constructed biogeographical tests accordingly. We computed ancestral area estimation under different models in BioGeoBEARS (DEC, BAYAREALIKE, DIVALIKE, with or without +J) to test the role of an island‐hopping hypothesis in the establishment of NC blattid fauna.ResultsWe find divergence times older than 60 Ma for two NC clades. We show that these ‘old’ endemic lineages can partially be explained by indirect dispersal from Australia or New Zealand through now disappeared islands. Alternative hypotheses suggest multiple independent colonizations of NC from Antarctica or Australia.Main ConclusionsOur results indicate that island‐hopping may explain the presence of old groups in NC. The island‐hopping hypothesis is nonetheless only supported for a period‐area from which geological evidence is ambiguous. Our work highlights both the fruitful interactions between geology and biogeography and the underlying difficulties. The multiple colonization events inferred for NC provide additional insights into the composite nature of NC biota.
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HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019
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Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 2020
In New Caledonia, the cover refers to the autochthonous Late Cretaceous to Paleogene sedimentary ... more In New Caledonia, the cover refers to the autochthonous Late Cretaceous to Paleogene sedimentary and volcanic formations unconformably overlying the basement rocks and underlying the allochthonous nappes. The first period of deposition, broadly from the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene (c. 105–56 Ma) was controlled by extension and rifting. The second period, broadly the Eocene (c. 56–34 Ma), was dominated by convergence and contraction. The Late Cretaceous part of the cover consists of synrift conglomerates and coal-bearing deposits with interlayered bimodal, subduction-related and intra-plate volcanic rocks. The post-rift deposits are deep water sedimentary rocks deposited under anoxic conditions with reduced terrigenous input. The Paleocene to Eocene formations, mainly carbonates, attest to profound palaeogeographical changes and a switch to a different geodynamic regime, linked to the onset of Eocene convergence. The Middle to Late Eocene formations are typically composed of turbidites and breccias. They were deposited in a typical flexural foreland basin context as an upwards-coarsening sequence topped by an olistostrome. They are associated with tectonic convergence and east-dipping subduction that led to the end-Eocene obduction of ophiolitic nappes. This two-fold evolution, extension then compression, can be integrated in the wider framework of the plate tectonic evolution of the SW Pacific.
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Precambrian Research, Jun 1, 2019
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지질학회지, Oct 1, 1991
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Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, Jan 5, 2022
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Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, May 1, 2021
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Lithos, Sep 1, 2016
Abstract Clinoenstatite-bearing boninites (CE-boninite) from the serpentinite sole of the Cenozoi... more Abstract Clinoenstatite-bearing boninites (CE-boninite) from the serpentinite sole of the Cenozoic ophiolite of New Caledonia near Nepoui have been dated by the 40Ar/39Ar method, yielding two plateau ages of 47.4 ± 0.9 Ma and 50.4 ± 1.3 Ma. Coarser grained, geochemically similar boninite-series felsic dikes consistently yielded U–Pb zircon ages of ca. 54 Ma. Nepoui CE-boninites display whole rock geochemical features similar to that of Cape Vogel boninites (Papua-New Guinea). They similarly have been generated by low degree hydrous melting of depleted peridotite. High contents in LILE and LREE, and some elemental ratios suggest source enrichment by subduction-derived fluids and melts. However, unlike the Cape Vogel boninite, moderately depleted MORB-like isotopic signatures (eNd50 = 7.9) rule out the role of OIB-like, or E-MORB component that might account for the relatively high LREE and LILE contents measured in the rocks. Nd isotopic ratios and positive anomalies in Zr and Hf are closely similar to that of the slightly older felsic dikes (55–50 Ma) that crosscut the peridotite from the ophiolite in New Caledonia. Most of these magmas have been generated by slab melting during the early stages of intra-oceanic subduction. The Early Eocene subduction started at or near the “oceanic” ridge and involved young and hot lithosphere; therefore, slab-derived melts may have reacted locally with hot depleted peridotites. Finally, water influx into the mantle wedge during the subduction of slightly older (cooler and hydrated) lithosphere initiated a low degree partial melting event in the mantle wedge and generated the CE-boninite magma. Geochemical modeling of hydrous melting of a depleted mantle re-enriched by slab melts suggest that the additional slab melt component was derived from the partial melting of a BABB-like barroisite-bearing eclogite, similar to some elements of the Eocene HP–LT Pouebo terrane. This potential magma source is similar to the BABB-like HT amphibolites of the metamorphic sole of the ophiolite, which have the same origin. Geochemical modeling also suggests that CE-boninite magma may have been in equilibrium with the enstatite-bearing gabbro cumulates that crop out in several places of the Massif du Sud. However, modeling fails in establishing that harzburgite of the same massif simply corresponds to the melting residue of this process. It appears that ultra-depleted supra-subduction peridotites of the Massif du Sud are probably not directly related to the overlying gabbro cumulates.
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HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 13, 2017
International audienceThe ophiolite of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific), known as the Peridotite... more International audienceThe ophiolite of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific), known as the Peridotite Nappe, has been subject to tropical weathering since its emersion during the Oligocene. Silica veins at the base of the weathering profile and magnesite veins along the serpentine sole structurally ≈ 400 – 800 m beneath the laterites are attributed to downward infiltration of meteoric waters enriched in dissolved atmospheric CO2, carrying Mg and Si released by lateritization of the peridotite. The O and C isotope composition of magnesite and the O isotope composition of silica veins confirm this model. Clumped isotope thermometry on magnesite veins (Δ47) coupled with routine O and C stable isotope data are consistent with low-temperature precipitation of magnesite (26°C - 42°C). On the other hand, temperatures of quartz formation (40°C – 95°C) are higher than expected for a lateritization process. Heat released by exothermic serpentinization and/or ascent of fluids from the serpentine sole are required to explain this difference. These results and discussion are presented in Quesnel et al. (2013), Quesnel et al. (2016), Cathelineau et al. (2017). Locally, listvenites of the serpentinite sole contain a variety of silica phases associated with magnesite. These rocks have low δ18OMgs values (19.5 to 22‰) compared to meteoric-derived magnesite veins (27.5 to 30‰), a feature that suggests the involvement of deep-seated fluids. The δ18O values of quartz span a large range of values, some of which are lower than those of quartz from the weathering profile. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions within a hydrothermal quartz vein have a consistent range from 145 to 225°C. Listvenites are thus likely related to the upward circulation of deep-seated fluids perhaps during the nappe emplacement (late Eocene – early Oligocene) or in association with granitic magmatism (Oligocene). The oxygen isotope compositions of magnesite and quartz thus record a variety of conditions, which relate to the evolution of Peridotite Nappe, including obduction, magmatism and lateritization
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HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 8, 2018
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Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 2020
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Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 2020
The Loyalty Ridge lies to the east and NE of the Norfolk Ridge. The three main Loyalty Islands (M... more The Loyalty Ridge lies to the east and NE of the Norfolk Ridge. The three main Loyalty Islands (Maré, Lifou and Ouvéa) emerge from the ridge at the same latitude as Grande Terre. The islands are uniformly composed of carbonate deposits, except for Maré, where Middle Miocene intra-plate basalts and associated volcaniclastic rocks form restricted outcrops. Miocene rhodolith limestones constitute the bulk of the carbonate cover of the three islands. On Maré, these platform accumulations are locally topped by a dolomitic hardground, which, in turn, is covered by Pliocene–Pleistocene coral-bearing formations. These coral reef constructions are preserved as elevated rims over all three islands and define an atoll stage in their development. The Pleistocene–Holocene palaeoshoreline indicators include fringing bioconstructions and marine notches and record both eustatic sea-level changes and tectonic deformation. The ridge has been in the forebulge region in front of the active Vanuatu subduction zone since the Pliocene and each of the three islands has been uplifted and tilted to varying degrees. Offshore, the Loyalty Ridge continues northwards to the d'Entrecasteaux Zone and southwards to the Three Kings Ridge. Although typically volcanic, the nature of the deep Loyalty Ridge remains unknown.
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Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 2020
Abstract The basement under the Late Cretaceous unconformity in New Caledonia consists of three a... more Abstract The basement under the Late Cretaceous unconformity in New Caledonia consists of three amalgamated terranes. They are all oceanic, arc-related and developed offshore from the eastern Gondwana active margin during periods of marginal basin development. Téremba Terrane is composed of deep sea Permian to Mesozoic arc-derived volcanic rocks and greywackes. The Koh–Central Terrane includes at its base an ophiolite with island arc tholeiites and boninites (Koh Ophiolite) of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age overlain by a thick sequence of greywacke (Central Range Volcaniclastic Rocks) of Permian to Late Jurassic age. The Téremba Terrane and the Koh–Central Terrane may be part of the same forearc basin, with the rocks from the Koh–Central Terrane deposited in a deeper environment. The Boghen Terrane is a metamorphic complex composed of schists, broken formations and mafic–ultramafic mélange, derived from mixed terrigenous and volcanic sources. The overall fine grain size and laminar bedding suggest deep sea and more distal deposition than the other terranes. The maximum depositional ages from detrital zircons suggest deposition during the Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The terrane is interpreted as a metamorphosed subduction complex that includes blueschist and greenschist facies metamorphic rocks exhumed through the Koh–Central Terrane. At a regional scale, the nature of these three pre-Late Cretaceous terranes confirms the existing palaeogeographical reconstructions, which locate New Caledonia outboard the ocean–continent subduction that surrounded Gondwana during the Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic. A detailed analysis of these terranes and their relationship with East Australian terranes of the same age shows that a marginal basin system probably existed between mainland Gondwana and proto-New Caledonia and closed before the Late Cretaceous. A tentative detailed reconstruction of this margin during the Carboniferous–Early Cretaceous period is proposed.
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PALAIOS, Oct 20, 2022
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HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2021
<p>Pyroxenites constitute the major form of heterog... more <p>Pyroxenites constitute the major form of heterogeneity in the upper mantle. Their occurrence in supra-subduction zone settings is mostly testified by veins and layers in refractory ophiolitic peridotites, where they represent a crucial witness of melt migration in the forearc/subarc environment [1,2]. The New Caledonia ophiolite hosts one of the largest forearc mantle section worldwide, providing a unique perspective into upper mantle processes. The sequence is dominated by ultra-depleted harzburgites [3], locally overlain by mafic-ultramafic cumulates [4,5,6]. The harzburgites are highly refractory residues that register a multi-phase evolution, including fluid-assisted melting in a forearc environment and contamination by fluid- and melt inputs triggered by Eocene subduction [1]. Pyroxenitic rocks intruding the harzburgites are only known in the Bogota peninsula shear zone, which records HT deformation along a paleotransform fault [7]. In this contribution, we report a comprehensive petrological and geochemical characterization on a new set of pyroxenites from this locality. The pyroxenites (~5-15 cm-thick) generally cut the peridotite foliation at variable angles, but concordant, locally boudinaged, layers also occur. Pyroxenite textures range from cumulitic to porphyroclastic or granoblastic-polygonal. The studied samples mostly consist of amphibole-bearing (5-44 vol.%) websterites, with variable amounts of orthopyroxene (27-67 vol.%) and almost constant clinopyroxene contents (~ 25-29 vol.%). Minor olivine-bearing orthopyroxenites are also present. Accessory phases include high-Ca (An= 82-86 mol%) plagioclase, Cr-rich spinel (Cr# = 50-61), sulfides and, occasionally, apatite. Pyroxenes displays high Mg# (Mg# Opx= 91-92; Mg# Cpx= 84-93), coupled with low Al2O3 contents (0.97-1.92 wt% and 1-2.42 wt% for orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, respectively). Amphibole is high Mg# edenite. Application of conventional pyroxene thermometry yield equilibration temperatures ranging between 930-1040°C, comparable to the enclosing harzburgites (~ 950°C), whereas amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer provides lower temperatures (~ 800°C). Bulk rock composition of the websterites show variable Mg# (82-91) and REE concentrations ranging between 1 to 10 times chondritic values. They are characterized by flat to LREE-depleted (LaN/SmN 0.28-0.92) patterns, coupled to weak MREE-HREE fractionation (GdN/YbN = 1.73-1.92) and Eu negative anomalies. By contrast, orthopyroxenites display notably lower concentrations (0.1≤REE≤1 chondrite abundances). As a whole, clinopyroxene REE patterns of the websterites mirror bulk rocks at higher absolute values. Putative melts in equilibrium with clinopyroxene indicate strongly enriched compositions (up to 300 times chondritic values) coupled to variable LREE-HREE fractionation (LaN/LuN = 3-19) and flat to fractionated HREE (GdN/LuN 1-2). Such enriched liquids, which show some analogies with pre-obduction adakite-like dikes [8], have never been recorded in the MTZ cumulitic sequence of the New Caledonia ophiolite and shed new light on the magmatic activity in the early stage of subduction. </p><p>[1] Varfalvy, Canad Mineral, 1997, 35 (2), 543-570.<br>[2] Berly et al., J. Petrol., 2006, 47(8), 1531-1555.<br>[3] Secchiari et al., Geosc. Front., 2020, 11(1), 37–55. [4]. <br>[4] Marchesi et al., Chem. Geol., 2009, 266, 171-186.<br>[5] Pirard et al., J. Petrol., 2013, 54, 1759–1792.<br>[6] Secchiari et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 2018, 173(8), 66.<br>[7] Chatzaras et al., Geology, 2020, 48 (6): 569–573.<br>[8] Cluzel et al., Terra Nova, 2006, 6, 395–402.</p>
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Ore Geology Reviews, Jun 1, 2022
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<p>The New Caledonia ophiolite hosts one of most complete sections of a nas... more <p>The New Caledonia ophiolite hosts one of most complete sections of a nascent arc, representing an excellent natural laboratory for investigating the origin and the evolution of subduction systems. The sequence, originated during the onset of the Eocene subduction [1, 2], is composed of ultra-depleted forearc harzburgites [3] overlain by a dunite-dominated transition zone (500m thick), in turn overtopped by mafic-ultramafic cumulate lenses. The ultramafic rocks of the transition zone (mainly dunites and wehrlites) most likely resulted from melt-peridotite reactions involving primitive arc tholeiites and boninitic magmas [2]. By contrast, dunite-pyroxenite and gabbronorite cumulates derive from H<sub>2</sub>O-poor depleted melts transitional between boninites and arc-tholeiites [2, 4].</p><p>In this contribution, we report the first occurrence of amphibole-bearing ultramafic lithologies in the New Caledonia arc sequence. Our study deals with a petrological and geochemical characterisation of a 2.5km x 5km composite, roughly snowball-shaped, intrusive body, consisting of pyroxenite, dunite, wehrlite, hornblendite and associated mafic-ultramafic, locally sheared, dikes from the Plum area (Massif du Sud).  The pyroxenite component, which forms the core of the intrusion, consists of coarse-grained websterites, mainly composed of weakly oriented orthopyroxene (~ 30-75 vol.%) and clinopyroxene (~ 20-40 vol.%), with variable amounts of edenitic amphibole (~ 2-30 vol.%). The amphibole generally occurs as poikilitic crystals or develops as coronas on pyroxenes. Highly calcic plagioclase (An= 83-96 mol %) is scarce in the pyroxenite body (~ 2 vol. %), but more abundant in the associated dikes (~ 10-50 vol.%). Clinopyroxene shows variable Mg# (0.82-0.92) and low Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>(0.99-2.00 wt%). Likewise, amphibole yields high Mg# (0.712-0.865). Estimated equilibrium temperatures based on conventional pyroxene thermometry range between 870-970°C, whereas amphibole-plagioclase pairs provide slightly lower values (800-910 °C).</p><p>Whole rocks have moderately high Mg# (71-82) and REE concentrations one to five times chondritic values. The websterites of the main body show LREE-depleted (La<sub>N</sub>/Nd<sub>N</sub> = 0.5-0.8), weakly concave downward patterns, with flat HREE segments (Lu<sub>N</sub>/Tm<sub>N</sub> = 1.1-1.3). The mafic-ultramafic dikes display similar patterns, bearing depleted to flat LREE segments (La<sub>N</sub>/Nd<sub>N</sub> = 0.6-1) and positive Eu anomalies. For all the investigated lithologies, extended trace element diagrams indicate enrichments for FME (i.e. Rb, Ba, U) and Th, coupled to Zr-Hf depletion. Strong Sr positive spikes are only observed for the crosscutting dikes, while the pyroxenite body yields Sr negative anomalies.</p><p>Geochemical modelling shows that the putative liquids in equilibrium with the websterites have intermediate Mg# (57–63) and incompatible trace element patterns sharing remarkable similarities with the New Caledonia CE-boninites [5]. However, they significantly differ from the equilibrium melts reported for the other intrusive rocks of the sequence [1, 4], suggesting greater compositional variability for the liquids ascending into the Moho transition zone and lower crust. Our results support the notion that petrological and geochemical heterogeneity of magmatic products may be distinctive features of subduction infancy.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>[1] Marchesi et al., Chem. Geol., 2009, 266, 171-186.</p><p>[2] Pirard et al., J. Petrol., 2013, 54, 1759–1792.</p><p>[3] Secchiari et al., Geosc. Front., 2020, 11(1), 37–55.</p><p>[4] Secchiari et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 2018, 173(8), 66.</p><p>[5] Cluzel et al., Lithos, 2016, 260, 429–442.</p>
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Papers by Dominique Cluzel