In 2009 a new three year EU funded project (QBOL) started on DNA barcoding of important plant pes... more In 2009 a new three year EU funded project (QBOL) started on DNA barcoding of important plant pests. An international consortium of 20 partners (universities, research institutes, and phytosanitary organizations) from around the world, coordinated by Plant Research International (Wageningen, the Netherlands), will collect DNA barcodes from many plant pathogenic quarantine organisms, store these sequences in a database accessible over the internet, develop a DNA bank and train end‐users. All these activities should help National Plant Protection Services in the correct identification and detection of plant pathogenic quarantine organisms.
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is an important quarantine pest for E... more Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is an important quarantine pest for European countries. Available analytical tools give good results for the detection of the bacterium in potato tuber extracts and tomato macerates. The pathogen may be present in complex substrates such as environmental water, soils, sewage sludge and potato processing wastes, which therefore have to be tested. Immuno‐magnetic separation and DNA magnetic capture combined with other tests have been investigated for this purpose and appear promising.
ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was ... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full2 pest risk assessment conducted by France on Mycosphaerella citri with Réunion considered as endangered area. Mycosphaerella citri is responsible for greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch disease of citrus. The organism affects leaves and fruit resulting in defoliation and fruit blemishes. Yield losses of up to 45% have been reported for this disease. Grapefruit, lemon, early oranges and tangelos are most susceptible to greasy spot. The disease has also been noted on other genera of the family Rutaceae.
ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was ... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full2 pest risk assessment conducted by France on Mycosphaerella citri with Réunion considered as endangered area. Mycosphaerella citri is responsible for greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch disease of citrus. The organism affects leaves and fruit resulting in defoliation and fruit blemishes. Yield losses of up to 45% have been reported for this disease. Grapefruit, lemon, early oranges and tangelos are most susceptible to greasy spot. The disease has also been noted on other genera of the family Rutaceae.
ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was ... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full2 pest risk assessment conducted by France on Mycosphaerella citri with Réunion considered as endangered area. Mycosphaerella citri is responsible for greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch disease of citrus. The organism affects leaves and fruit resulting in defoliation and fruit blemishes. Yield losses of up to 45% have been reported for this disease. Grapefruit, lemon, early oranges and tangelos are most susceptible to greasy spot. The disease has also been noted on other genera of the family Rutaceae.
The primary aim of the roundtable was to identify priority areas for future research, particularl... more The primary aim of the roundtable was to identify priority areas for future research, particularly in the European context; to identify deficiencies in knowledge; and to address the goals and strategies for effective cooperative research. The following key questions arise consistently: Are there special features of the epidemiology of the disease in cool climates ? What is the relative importance of tuber-borne, soil-borne, water-borne infection and weed hosts in different regions ? What are the best sampling and detection strategies and where are the deficiencies in current methodology ? How do we monitor and survey the disease ? How do we contain infested areas ? How do we achieve better communication and collaboration; ideally, a network for exchange of knowledge, information and material ?
SUMMARY The economic impact of the bacterial blight of soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.... more SUMMARY The economic impact of the bacterial blight of soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea has been investigated in three countries belonging to the European Union: Italy, France and Spain. Weather and growing conditions have been monitored over three years of field experiments (1992-1994) and the data analysed in order to evaluate possible yield losses and in view of the production of pathogen free seed. In Italy and France, using different cultivars and seed with a contamination level of 0.5-20% no significant yield losses were found. In Italy the initial seed contamination level was positively correlated with the contamination of the harvested seed by the pathogen; both in Italy and in France on some cultivars, it was possible to correlate seed contamination level with the epiphytic population of the pathogen and the intensity of symptoms affecting plants in the field. No epiphytic contamination by the pathogen was observed in Spain, even at the highest seed conta...
The International Seed Health Initiative - Herbage Crops (ISHI-H) has initiated ringtesting to es... more The International Seed Health Initiative - Herbage Crops (ISHI-H) has initiated ringtesting to establish international standards for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, the causal pathogen of bacterial wilt in lucerne-alfalfa [Medicago sativa) seed. Bacterial wilt of lucerne is a seedborne disease causing wilting, stunting and yellowing of plants. In the field disease symptoms are not severe until the second or third year when significant yield loss can occur. The bacterium can survive in the field for 8–10 years. Because infected seed is a possible source of international spread, phytosanitary regulations are in place in many importing countries. Currently there is no internationally accepted seed test for bacterial wilt.
CABIQ is a specific computer‐assisted identification system for the reliable and rapid identifica... more CABIQ is a specific computer‐assisted identification system for the reliable and rapid identification of the main regulated phytopathogenic bacteria. It is based on phenotypic and genomic properties of bacteria. About 500 reference strains have been used to initiate the database, including conventional phenotypic tests and the Biotype 100 (BioMérieux) galleries. The CABIQ system, with its database and reference matrices, is a guide on the tests to be done when identifying new isolates. The modules dealing with phenotypic and Biotype100 characteristics are already finalized. Results on repetitive PCR will soon be added to the system. This opens interesting perspectives for improving the reliability of computer‐assisted identification.
In 2009 a new three year EU funded project (QBOL) started on DNA barcoding of important plant pes... more In 2009 a new three year EU funded project (QBOL) started on DNA barcoding of important plant pests. An international consortium of 20 partners (universities, research institutes, and phytosanitary organizations) from around the world, coordinated by Plant Research International (Wageningen, the Netherlands), will collect DNA barcodes from many plant pathogenic quarantine organisms, store these sequences in a database accessible over the internet, develop a DNA bank and train end‐users. All these activities should help National Plant Protection Services in the correct identification and detection of plant pathogenic quarantine organisms.
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is an important quarantine pest for E... more Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is an important quarantine pest for European countries. Available analytical tools give good results for the detection of the bacterium in potato tuber extracts and tomato macerates. The pathogen may be present in complex substrates such as environmental water, soils, sewage sludge and potato processing wastes, which therefore have to be tested. Immuno‐magnetic separation and DNA magnetic capture combined with other tests have been investigated for this purpose and appear promising.
ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was ... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full2 pest risk assessment conducted by France on Mycosphaerella citri with Réunion considered as endangered area. Mycosphaerella citri is responsible for greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch disease of citrus. The organism affects leaves and fruit resulting in defoliation and fruit blemishes. Yield losses of up to 45% have been reported for this disease. Grapefruit, lemon, early oranges and tangelos are most susceptible to greasy spot. The disease has also been noted on other genera of the family Rutaceae.
ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was ... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full2 pest risk assessment conducted by France on Mycosphaerella citri with Réunion considered as endangered area. Mycosphaerella citri is responsible for greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch disease of citrus. The organism affects leaves and fruit resulting in defoliation and fruit blemishes. Yield losses of up to 45% have been reported for this disease. Grapefruit, lemon, early oranges and tangelos are most susceptible to greasy spot. The disease has also been noted on other genera of the family Rutaceae.
ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was ... more ABSTRACT SUMMARY Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full2 pest risk assessment conducted by France on Mycosphaerella citri with Réunion considered as endangered area. Mycosphaerella citri is responsible for greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch disease of citrus. The organism affects leaves and fruit resulting in defoliation and fruit blemishes. Yield losses of up to 45% have been reported for this disease. Grapefruit, lemon, early oranges and tangelos are most susceptible to greasy spot. The disease has also been noted on other genera of the family Rutaceae.
The primary aim of the roundtable was to identify priority areas for future research, particularl... more The primary aim of the roundtable was to identify priority areas for future research, particularly in the European context; to identify deficiencies in knowledge; and to address the goals and strategies for effective cooperative research. The following key questions arise consistently: Are there special features of the epidemiology of the disease in cool climates ? What is the relative importance of tuber-borne, soil-borne, water-borne infection and weed hosts in different regions ? What are the best sampling and detection strategies and where are the deficiencies in current methodology ? How do we monitor and survey the disease ? How do we contain infested areas ? How do we achieve better communication and collaboration; ideally, a network for exchange of knowledge, information and material ?
SUMMARY The economic impact of the bacterial blight of soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.... more SUMMARY The economic impact of the bacterial blight of soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea has been investigated in three countries belonging to the European Union: Italy, France and Spain. Weather and growing conditions have been monitored over three years of field experiments (1992-1994) and the data analysed in order to evaluate possible yield losses and in view of the production of pathogen free seed. In Italy and France, using different cultivars and seed with a contamination level of 0.5-20% no significant yield losses were found. In Italy the initial seed contamination level was positively correlated with the contamination of the harvested seed by the pathogen; both in Italy and in France on some cultivars, it was possible to correlate seed contamination level with the epiphytic population of the pathogen and the intensity of symptoms affecting plants in the field. No epiphytic contamination by the pathogen was observed in Spain, even at the highest seed conta...
The International Seed Health Initiative - Herbage Crops (ISHI-H) has initiated ringtesting to es... more The International Seed Health Initiative - Herbage Crops (ISHI-H) has initiated ringtesting to establish international standards for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus, the causal pathogen of bacterial wilt in lucerne-alfalfa [Medicago sativa) seed. Bacterial wilt of lucerne is a seedborne disease causing wilting, stunting and yellowing of plants. In the field disease symptoms are not severe until the second or third year when significant yield loss can occur. The bacterium can survive in the field for 8–10 years. Because infected seed is a possible source of international spread, phytosanitary regulations are in place in many importing countries. Currently there is no internationally accepted seed test for bacterial wilt.
CABIQ is a specific computer‐assisted identification system for the reliable and rapid identifica... more CABIQ is a specific computer‐assisted identification system for the reliable and rapid identification of the main regulated phytopathogenic bacteria. It is based on phenotypic and genomic properties of bacteria. About 500 reference strains have been used to initiate the database, including conventional phenotypic tests and the Biotype 100 (BioMérieux) galleries. The CABIQ system, with its database and reference matrices, is a guide on the tests to be done when identifying new isolates. The modules dealing with phenotypic and Biotype100 characteristics are already finalized. Results on repetitive PCR will soon be added to the system. This opens interesting perspectives for improving the reliability of computer‐assisted identification.
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