Papers by Christofer Toumazou
Cancers
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite many advances in diagnosis and treatme... more Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite many advances in diagnosis and treatment. Precision medicine has been a key area of focus, with research providing insights and progress in helping to lower cancer mortality through better patient stratification for therapies and more precise diagnostic techniques. However, unequal access to cancer care is still a global concern, with many patients having limited access to diagnostic tests and treatment regimens. Noninvasive liquid biopsy (LB) technology can determine tumour-specific molecular alterations in peripheral samples. This allows clinicians to infer knowledge at a DNA or cellular level, which can be used to screen individuals with high cancer risk, personalize treatments, monitor treatment response, and detect metastasis early. As scientific understanding of cancer pathology increases, LB technologies that utilize circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have evolved over the course of res...
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Biosensors
This paper presents a fully automated point-of-care device for protein quantification using short... more This paper presents a fully automated point-of-care device for protein quantification using short-DNA aptamers, where no manual sample preparation is needed. The device is based on our novel aptamer-based methodology combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which we employ for very sensitive protein quantification. DNA amplification through qPCR, sensing and real-time data processing are seamlessly integrated into a point-of-care device equipped with a disposable cartridge for automated sample preparation. The system’s modular nature allows for easy assembly, adjustment and expansion towards a variety of biomarkers for applications in disease diagnostics and personalised medicine. Alongside the device description, we also present a new algorithm, which we named PeakFluo, to perform automated and real-time quantification of proteins. PeakFluo achieves better linearity than proprietary software from a commercially available qPCR machine, and it allows for early detect...
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Proceedings of IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC '93
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2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2017
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ISCAS'99. Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems VLSI (Cat. No.99CH36349)
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ACS Sensors, 2021
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Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, Jul 1, 2017
This paper describes the development of an array of individually addressable pH sensitive microne... more This paper describes the development of an array of individually addressable pH sensitive microneedles using injection moulding and their integration within a portable device for real-time wireless recording of pH distributions in biological samples. The fabricated microneedles are subjected to gold patterning followed by electrodeposition of iridium oxide to sensitize them to 0.07 units of pH change. Miniaturised electronics suitable for the sensors readout, analog-to-digital conversion and wireless transmission of the potentiometric data are embodied within the device, enabling it to measure real-time pH of soft biological samples such as muscles. In this paper, real-time recording of the cardiac pH distribution, during ischemia followed by reperfusion cycles in cardiac muscles of male Wistar rats has been demonstrated by using the microneedle array.
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1996 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Circuits and Systems Connecting the World. ISCAS 96
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2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012
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2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37512)
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IEE Proceedings G Circuits, Devices and Systems, 1990
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Trade-Offs in Analog Circuit Design
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Invited paper in the Topical Workshop in …
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Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2007
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2007
The accurate monitoring of the physiological status of cells, tissues and whole organisms demands... more The accurate monitoring of the physiological status of cells, tissues and whole organisms demands a new generation of devices capable of providing accurate data in real time with minimal perturbation of the system being measured. To deliver on the promise of cell-bionics advances over the past decade in miniaturization, analogue signal processing, low-power electronics, materials science and protein engineering need to be brought together. In this paper we summarize recent advances in our research that is moving us in this direction. Two areas in particular are highlighted: the exploitation of the physical properties inherent in semiconductor devices to perform very low power on chip signal processing and the use of gene technology to tailor proteins for sensor applications. In the context of engineered tissues, cell-bionics could offer the ability to monitor the precise physiological state of the construct, both during ‘manufacture’ and post-implantation. Monitoring during manufact...
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Micro & Nano Letters, 2010
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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2011
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IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 2002
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Papers by Christofer Toumazou