Recent efforts placed on breeding Paspalum species made available novel genetic resources for liv... more Recent efforts placed on breeding Paspalum species made available novel genetic resources for livestock production systems. Nitrogen (N) is an important factor to increase warm‐season grass nutritive value and production, either as anthropogenic supply or in mixture with legumes. Dry matter yield (DMY) and nutritive value in Paspalum plicatulum Michx. × Paspalum guenoarum Arechav. hybrids in response to different rates of N or in mixture with temperate legumes were evaluated for two years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design in split‐plot arrangement with three replications. Treatments were six N supply systems: 0, 60, 120, 240, 480 kg N/ha and grass–legume mixture [white clover (Trifolium repens L.) + birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)] as whole plots, and six genotypes (hybrids: 1020133, 102069, 103084, 103061, P. guenoarum ecotype ‘Azulao’ and Megathyrsus maximus cv. ‘Aruana’ used as controls) as subplots. Higher N rates increased DMY and provided variability among genotypes. In general, grass–legume mixture showed greater crude protein and digestibility, and lower neutral and acid detergent fiber than N fertilized grass (p < .05). Hybrid 1020133 had DMY similar to Aruana and Azulao in years 1 and 2. Hybrids 103084 and 103061 exhibited higher nutritive value than Aruana and Azulao in year 1 (p < .05), and similarly in year 2. These three hybrids were identified as potential releases. Supplying N by fertilization or mixture with legumes increased DMY and improved nutritive value in Paspalum pastures.
... Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 30: 61-68. Harris, SA, Chamberlain, JR and Hughes, CE New insights into ... more ... Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 30: 61-68. Harris, SA, Chamberlain, JR and Hughes, CE New insights into the evolution oí Leucaena Benth. In: Advances in Legume Systematics: the New Systematics (Polhill, RM and Picckersgull, В., eds.). Vol. 7. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew (in press). ...
O guabijuzeiro produz frutos com potencial para exploração comercial, porém poucos estudos foram ... more O guabijuzeiro produz frutos com potencial para exploração comercial, porém poucos estudos foram conduzidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar frutos de guabijuzeiros coletados em diferentes locais do Rio Grande do Sul. Os frutos de 13 acessos foram avaliados, em duas safras, quanto à massa fresca (MF), diâmetro longitudinal (DL) e equatorial (DE), cor, rendimento de polpa (RP), sólidos solúveis totais (SS), acidez total (AT) e Vitamina C. Na primeira safra o acesso G1 destacou-se em MF (6,89 g), DL (19,4 mm) e DE (22,3 mm); já na segunda safra os melhores resultados para MF foram obtidos com os acessos P1 (4,93 g) e BG2 (4,80 g), para DL com os acessos P1 (17,86 mm) e BG2 (17,40 mm) e DE com os acessos BG2 (20,25 mm) e P1 (20,17 mm), enquanto para o RP, as médias foram de 53,18 e 53,0%, na primeira e segunda safras, respectivamente. A cor predominante da casca foi a cinza. O teor de SS apresentou média de 15,8 e 15,1 °Brix na primeira e segunda safras, respectivamente. Pa...
Semiárida Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía UNLPam, 2020
Os acessos nativos do Rio Grande do Sul, "28B", "26A", "28C", "... more Os acessos nativos do Rio Grande do Sul, "28B", "26A", "28C", "26D" e "28E" de Paspalum nicorae e os ecótipos "Azulão" e "Baio" de Paspalum guenoarum foram avaliados com o objetivo de dimensionar a intensidade de associação da produção de matéria seca de folha com outros caracteres de interesse forrageiros nessas espécies apomíticas, testadas em diferentes anos e locais. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições em duas regiões fisiograficamente distintas. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de cortes. As variáveis avaliadas foram a produção de matéria seca total, matéria seca de folhas, matéria seca de colmo, relação folha:colmo, índice de colheita e o número de afilhos. Correlações similares foram obtidas nos dois locais, qualificando a matéria seca de folhas como a de maior magnitude na relação direta e positiva à materia seca total. A análise de correlação geral demonstrou que...
The objective of this work was to provide means to obtain genetic gain in apomictic species of th... more The objective of this work was to provide means to obtain genetic gain in apomictic species of the genus Paspalum by identifying traits that simultaneously show high correlation and heritability. Thus, to determine the amount of phenotypic variation due to genetic and environmental effects and the degree of association between leaf dry matter production and other traits of forage interest that are easy to select and measure will bring agility and economy in the selection of forage species. The experiment was conducted in the years 2009/10 and 2010/11 in the municipalities of Eldorado do Sul and Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The increase in the direct selection pressure on total and leaf dry matter of apomictic accesses of the genus Paspalum is enhanced by a greater contribution of genetic effects than environmental effects on the composition of the phenotypic variance. Efficient genetic gain in leaf production is achieved b...
Plants grown under flooding stress conditions form reactive oxygen species, both during oxygen de... more Plants grown under flooding stress conditions form reactive oxygen species, both during oxygen deficiency and after reoxygenation. The tolerance of plants under these conditions depends on an efficient antioxidant system, which may be influenced by the higher expression of heat shock proteins, such as mitochondrial MT-sHSP23.6. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the overexpression of this gene increases the antioxidant activity in tomato cv. Micro-Tom plants subjected to flooding during the vegetative stage of four fully expanded leaves. The experiment was performed with three genotypes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Micro-Tom), one non-transformed denominated “WT” and two modified for high and low expression of the MT-sHSP23.6 gene, subjected to normal irrigation conditions, 72 hours of flooding, and 24 and 192 hours of recovery after the removal of flooding, consisting a 3x4 split-plot factorial design with four replications. Plants were ...
Genetic improvement of native forage species is a sustainable alternative for maximizing livestoc... more Genetic improvement of native forage species is a sustainable alternative for maximizing livestock production. Paspalum notatum Flügge is the most important forage grass in the native grasslands of southern Brazil, with substantial potential available for further genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to quantify a range of genetic parameters and predict yield gains in a population of P. notatum intraspecific hybrids. Results indicated intraspecific hybrids of P. notatum had high magnitudes of heritability in the broad and average sense of genotype, plus high selective accuracy and genetic variation for all forage characteristics evaluated. This indicated REML/BLUP can contribute useful information for plant selection in future plant breeding programs. The genetic material studied showed high genetic variability for forage production. Analysis indicated hybrids 336, 332, 437, 132 and male parent ‘30N’ should be included in new crosses to increase the dry matter product...
O objetivo deste experimento foi identificar material promissor para ser utilizado como uma forra... more O objetivo deste experimento foi identificar material promissor para ser utilizado como uma forrageira alternativa nas condições do sul do Brasil. Uma população de híbridos, em gerações avançadas, entre Leucaena leucocephala e L. diversifolia (ambas espécies tetraplóides, com 2n=104 cromossomos) foi avaliada quanto à taxa de crescimento em altura, época de florescimento e frutificação, número de flores e de legumes por inflorescência e de sementes por legume, tolerância ao frio (expressa em retenção de folhas durante o inverno) e capacidade de rebrote após o inverno. Foi detectada grande variabilidade intrapopulacional para todas as características avaliadas. Foram identificados indivíduos, reunindo tolerância a frio com características desejáveis, que podem ser utilizados na continuidade dos trabalho de seleção e melhoramento e comprovam a potencialidade de Leucaena como espécie forrageira para o sul do Brasil.The objective of this experiment was to identify material to be used as ...
Semiárida Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía UNLPam, 2020
O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a variabilidade genética entre acessos de diferentes espéci... more O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a variabilidade genética entre acessos de diferentes espécies de Paspalum e a expressão de caracteres de interesse forrageiro em distintos locais e anos de cultivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições com parcelas compostas por cinco acessos de P. nicorae, dois de P. guenoraum e mais a cultivar Pensacola (P. notatum) utilizada como testemunha. Os acessos avaliados apresentaram variabilidade genética em caracteres de interesse forrageiro com efeitos na interação genótipo x ambiente. A produção de matéria seca total e de folhas foram os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a detecção da variabilidade genética observada independentemente do ano de avaliação.
A population of 513 hybrids of Leucaena leucocephala (4x) and L. diversifolia ssp. diversifolia (... more A population of 513 hybrids of Leucaena leucocephala (4x) and L. diversifolia ssp. diversifolia (4x), that is being analyzed for several morphological and agronomical characteristics, aiming at selecting cold tolerant plants, was also analyzed for floral color. A model of additive dominant inheritance (pink color dominant over white color, or presence versus absence of pigment, and the number of dominant alleles present determining the intensity of the pink color) is proposed. The action of two independent locus sets is also suggested, one for the male (with two main structural genes) and another for the female floral organs (one main structural gene). It is suggested that an undetermined number of regulatory genes affect color expression.
... Wittmann, Adriaha Helena Lau and Carine Simioni ABSTRACT Chromosome numbers, meiotic behavior... more ... Wittmann, Adriaha Helena Lau and Carine Simioni ABSTRACT Chromosome numbers, meiotic behavior and pollen grain fertility were studied in native, naturalized and exotic Vicia and Lathyrus species of Rio Grande do Sul. Four native (И epetiolaris (2n=14), V. nana (2n=14 ...
Paspalum notatum is one of the most important native grassland species of southern Brazil, and th... more Paspalum notatum is one of the most important native grassland species of southern Brazil, and the main forage source for livestock. The native ecotypes are tetraploid and have apomictic reproduction, which prevents the registration and protection of plant varieties. However, the cultivated variety Paspalum notatum var. saurae (cultivar Pensacola) is diploid and sexual. The objective of this study was to artificially produce polyploid cv. Pensacola plants, to be used as female parents in crosses with male tetraploid and apomictic parents. Seedlings and seeds were immersed in colchicine solutions for different periods. A tetraploid chromosome number was confirmed in three plants. The reproduction mode of the resulting polyploid plants will be assessed; if confirmed to be sexual, they can be used in crosses with native apomictic plants to breed new intraspecific hybrids.Paspalum notatum é uma das mais importantes espécies das pastagens nativas do Sul do Brasil, que é a principal fonte...
In Southern Brazil, much of the livestock activity is developed in native grasslands. Studies abo... more In Southern Brazil, much of the livestock activity is developed in native grasslands. Studies about forage traits, frost tolerance and nutritional value of native forage species there has been increasing with better results of productive efficiency (animal gain). The objective of this work was to evaluate forage yield of forty-five intraspecific hybrids of segregating progenies of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) from agronomic analyses under greenhouse conditions and determine the reproduction mode of selected hybrids. The hybrids had great variability in all agronomic characteristics measured. The plants with the highest total dry mass production were 17PN10P3 and 17PN29P1 (sexual reproduction), 17PN10P5, 17PN16P3 and 17PN28P4 (apomictic reproduction). The high correlation of the total dry mass with tillers number and with the root dry mass demonstrate that the hybrids can be used as forage and also to reduce the effects of soil erosion in degraded areas. The evaluations of ag...
Recent efforts placed on breeding Paspalum species made available novel genetic resources for liv... more Recent efforts placed on breeding Paspalum species made available novel genetic resources for livestock production systems. Nitrogen (N) is an important factor to increase warm‐season grass nutritive value and production, either as anthropogenic supply or in mixture with legumes. Dry matter yield (DMY) and nutritive value in Paspalum plicatulum Michx. × Paspalum guenoarum Arechav. hybrids in response to different rates of N or in mixture with temperate legumes were evaluated for two years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design in split‐plot arrangement with three replications. Treatments were six N supply systems: 0, 60, 120, 240, 480 kg N/ha and grass–legume mixture [white clover (Trifolium repens L.) + birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)] as whole plots, and six genotypes (hybrids: 1020133, 102069, 103084, 103061, P. guenoarum ecotype ‘Azulao’ and Megathyrsus maximus cv. ‘Aruana’ used as controls) as subplots. Higher N rates increased DMY and provided variability among genotypes. In general, grass–legume mixture showed greater crude protein and digestibility, and lower neutral and acid detergent fiber than N fertilized grass (p < .05). Hybrid 1020133 had DMY similar to Aruana and Azulao in years 1 and 2. Hybrids 103084 and 103061 exhibited higher nutritive value than Aruana and Azulao in year 1 (p < .05), and similarly in year 2. These three hybrids were identified as potential releases. Supplying N by fertilization or mixture with legumes increased DMY and improved nutritive value in Paspalum pastures.
... Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 30: 61-68. Harris, SA, Chamberlain, JR and Hughes, CE New insights into ... more ... Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 30: 61-68. Harris, SA, Chamberlain, JR and Hughes, CE New insights into the evolution oí Leucaena Benth. In: Advances in Legume Systematics: the New Systematics (Polhill, RM and Picckersgull, В., eds.). Vol. 7. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew (in press). ...
O guabijuzeiro produz frutos com potencial para exploração comercial, porém poucos estudos foram ... more O guabijuzeiro produz frutos com potencial para exploração comercial, porém poucos estudos foram conduzidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar frutos de guabijuzeiros coletados em diferentes locais do Rio Grande do Sul. Os frutos de 13 acessos foram avaliados, em duas safras, quanto à massa fresca (MF), diâmetro longitudinal (DL) e equatorial (DE), cor, rendimento de polpa (RP), sólidos solúveis totais (SS), acidez total (AT) e Vitamina C. Na primeira safra o acesso G1 destacou-se em MF (6,89 g), DL (19,4 mm) e DE (22,3 mm); já na segunda safra os melhores resultados para MF foram obtidos com os acessos P1 (4,93 g) e BG2 (4,80 g), para DL com os acessos P1 (17,86 mm) e BG2 (17,40 mm) e DE com os acessos BG2 (20,25 mm) e P1 (20,17 mm), enquanto para o RP, as médias foram de 53,18 e 53,0%, na primeira e segunda safras, respectivamente. A cor predominante da casca foi a cinza. O teor de SS apresentou média de 15,8 e 15,1 °Brix na primeira e segunda safras, respectivamente. Pa...
Semiárida Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía UNLPam, 2020
Os acessos nativos do Rio Grande do Sul, "28B", "26A", "28C", "... more Os acessos nativos do Rio Grande do Sul, "28B", "26A", "28C", "26D" e "28E" de Paspalum nicorae e os ecótipos "Azulão" e "Baio" de Paspalum guenoarum foram avaliados com o objetivo de dimensionar a intensidade de associação da produção de matéria seca de folha com outros caracteres de interesse forrageiros nessas espécies apomíticas, testadas em diferentes anos e locais. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições em duas regiões fisiograficamente distintas. As avaliações foram realizadas por meio de cortes. As variáveis avaliadas foram a produção de matéria seca total, matéria seca de folhas, matéria seca de colmo, relação folha:colmo, índice de colheita e o número de afilhos. Correlações similares foram obtidas nos dois locais, qualificando a matéria seca de folhas como a de maior magnitude na relação direta e positiva à materia seca total. A análise de correlação geral demonstrou que...
The objective of this work was to provide means to obtain genetic gain in apomictic species of th... more The objective of this work was to provide means to obtain genetic gain in apomictic species of the genus Paspalum by identifying traits that simultaneously show high correlation and heritability. Thus, to determine the amount of phenotypic variation due to genetic and environmental effects and the degree of association between leaf dry matter production and other traits of forage interest that are easy to select and measure will bring agility and economy in the selection of forage species. The experiment was conducted in the years 2009/10 and 2010/11 in the municipalities of Eldorado do Sul and Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The increase in the direct selection pressure on total and leaf dry matter of apomictic accesses of the genus Paspalum is enhanced by a greater contribution of genetic effects than environmental effects on the composition of the phenotypic variance. Efficient genetic gain in leaf production is achieved b...
Plants grown under flooding stress conditions form reactive oxygen species, both during oxygen de... more Plants grown under flooding stress conditions form reactive oxygen species, both during oxygen deficiency and after reoxygenation. The tolerance of plants under these conditions depends on an efficient antioxidant system, which may be influenced by the higher expression of heat shock proteins, such as mitochondrial MT-sHSP23.6. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the overexpression of this gene increases the antioxidant activity in tomato cv. Micro-Tom plants subjected to flooding during the vegetative stage of four fully expanded leaves. The experiment was performed with three genotypes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Micro-Tom), one non-transformed denominated “WT” and two modified for high and low expression of the MT-sHSP23.6 gene, subjected to normal irrigation conditions, 72 hours of flooding, and 24 and 192 hours of recovery after the removal of flooding, consisting a 3x4 split-plot factorial design with four replications. Plants were ...
Genetic improvement of native forage species is a sustainable alternative for maximizing livestoc... more Genetic improvement of native forage species is a sustainable alternative for maximizing livestock production. Paspalum notatum Flügge is the most important forage grass in the native grasslands of southern Brazil, with substantial potential available for further genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to quantify a range of genetic parameters and predict yield gains in a population of P. notatum intraspecific hybrids. Results indicated intraspecific hybrids of P. notatum had high magnitudes of heritability in the broad and average sense of genotype, plus high selective accuracy and genetic variation for all forage characteristics evaluated. This indicated REML/BLUP can contribute useful information for plant selection in future plant breeding programs. The genetic material studied showed high genetic variability for forage production. Analysis indicated hybrids 336, 332, 437, 132 and male parent ‘30N’ should be included in new crosses to increase the dry matter product...
O objetivo deste experimento foi identificar material promissor para ser utilizado como uma forra... more O objetivo deste experimento foi identificar material promissor para ser utilizado como uma forrageira alternativa nas condições do sul do Brasil. Uma população de híbridos, em gerações avançadas, entre Leucaena leucocephala e L. diversifolia (ambas espécies tetraplóides, com 2n=104 cromossomos) foi avaliada quanto à taxa de crescimento em altura, época de florescimento e frutificação, número de flores e de legumes por inflorescência e de sementes por legume, tolerância ao frio (expressa em retenção de folhas durante o inverno) e capacidade de rebrote após o inverno. Foi detectada grande variabilidade intrapopulacional para todas as características avaliadas. Foram identificados indivíduos, reunindo tolerância a frio com características desejáveis, que podem ser utilizados na continuidade dos trabalho de seleção e melhoramento e comprovam a potencialidade de Leucaena como espécie forrageira para o sul do Brasil.The objective of this experiment was to identify material to be used as ...
Semiárida Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía UNLPam, 2020
O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a variabilidade genética entre acessos de diferentes espéci... more O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a variabilidade genética entre acessos de diferentes espécies de Paspalum e a expressão de caracteres de interesse forrageiro em distintos locais e anos de cultivo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições com parcelas compostas por cinco acessos de P. nicorae, dois de P. guenoraum e mais a cultivar Pensacola (P. notatum) utilizada como testemunha. Os acessos avaliados apresentaram variabilidade genética em caracteres de interesse forrageiro com efeitos na interação genótipo x ambiente. A produção de matéria seca total e de folhas foram os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a detecção da variabilidade genética observada independentemente do ano de avaliação.
A population of 513 hybrids of Leucaena leucocephala (4x) and L. diversifolia ssp. diversifolia (... more A population of 513 hybrids of Leucaena leucocephala (4x) and L. diversifolia ssp. diversifolia (4x), that is being analyzed for several morphological and agronomical characteristics, aiming at selecting cold tolerant plants, was also analyzed for floral color. A model of additive dominant inheritance (pink color dominant over white color, or presence versus absence of pigment, and the number of dominant alleles present determining the intensity of the pink color) is proposed. The action of two independent locus sets is also suggested, one for the male (with two main structural genes) and another for the female floral organs (one main structural gene). It is suggested that an undetermined number of regulatory genes affect color expression.
... Wittmann, Adriaha Helena Lau and Carine Simioni ABSTRACT Chromosome numbers, meiotic behavior... more ... Wittmann, Adriaha Helena Lau and Carine Simioni ABSTRACT Chromosome numbers, meiotic behavior and pollen grain fertility were studied in native, naturalized and exotic Vicia and Lathyrus species of Rio Grande do Sul. Four native (И epetiolaris (2n=14), V. nana (2n=14 ...
Paspalum notatum is one of the most important native grassland species of southern Brazil, and th... more Paspalum notatum is one of the most important native grassland species of southern Brazil, and the main forage source for livestock. The native ecotypes are tetraploid and have apomictic reproduction, which prevents the registration and protection of plant varieties. However, the cultivated variety Paspalum notatum var. saurae (cultivar Pensacola) is diploid and sexual. The objective of this study was to artificially produce polyploid cv. Pensacola plants, to be used as female parents in crosses with male tetraploid and apomictic parents. Seedlings and seeds were immersed in colchicine solutions for different periods. A tetraploid chromosome number was confirmed in three plants. The reproduction mode of the resulting polyploid plants will be assessed; if confirmed to be sexual, they can be used in crosses with native apomictic plants to breed new intraspecific hybrids.Paspalum notatum é uma das mais importantes espécies das pastagens nativas do Sul do Brasil, que é a principal fonte...
In Southern Brazil, much of the livestock activity is developed in native grasslands. Studies abo... more In Southern Brazil, much of the livestock activity is developed in native grasslands. Studies about forage traits, frost tolerance and nutritional value of native forage species there has been increasing with better results of productive efficiency (animal gain). The objective of this work was to evaluate forage yield of forty-five intraspecific hybrids of segregating progenies of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) from agronomic analyses under greenhouse conditions and determine the reproduction mode of selected hybrids. The hybrids had great variability in all agronomic characteristics measured. The plants with the highest total dry mass production were 17PN10P3 and 17PN29P1 (sexual reproduction), 17PN10P5, 17PN16P3 and 17PN28P4 (apomictic reproduction). The high correlation of the total dry mass with tillers number and with the root dry mass demonstrate that the hybrids can be used as forage and also to reduce the effects of soil erosion in degraded areas. The evaluations of ag...
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