Papers by Blaise Bikandou
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Sep 1, 2004
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税务部门向“明星”的高收入者征税本是一件平常事,不值得大惊小怪。但由于“明星”效应或其它种种原因,有的“明星”在一些地方拿了大笔钱未交税一走了之,当地税务部门无可奈何。然而,最近在浙江东阳的一个... more 税务部门向“明星”的高收入者征税本是一件平常事,不值得大惊小怪。但由于“明星”效应或其它种种原因,有的“明星”在一些地方拿了大笔钱未交税一走了之,当地税务部门无可奈何。然而,最近在浙江东阳的一个基层税务部门,却敢于理直气壮地向“明星”说“不”! 今年中秋节,东阳市横店集团不惜化13万余元请“明星”演出。有位演员下飞机后又提出要增加4万元现金,在登台前当场点清这笔钱,以致演出冷场40分钟,引起观众不满。演出结束时已近第二天凌晨。东
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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2001
We found a novel primate lentivirus in mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx). To clarify the evolutionary ... more We found a novel primate lentivirus in mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx). To clarify the evolutionary relationships and transmission patterns of human/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV), we screened blood samples from 30 wild-born healthy Cameroonian mandrills. Five (16.7%) of them were seropositive for SIV. Three SIV strains were isolated from the five seropositive mandrills by cocultivation of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with PBMCs of rhesus macaques, a human T cell line (M8166), and/or a cynomolgus macaque T cell line (HSC-F). One of the newly isolated SIV strains was intravenously inoculated into two rhesus macaques and resulted in chronic infection. In the SIV-infected macaques at 45 weeks after inoculation, we observed a mild decline in the number of peripheral CD4(+) lymphocytes, lymphadenopathy, and blastic follicular dendritic cells with mild follicular hyperplasia in the peripheral lymph nodes. A phylogenetic analysis based on the pol sequence showed that the newly found SIVs from Cameroonian mandrills did not cluster with SIVmndGB1, which is the former representative strain of SIVmnd. The SIVmnds from Cameroon formed a new, independent lineage that branched before the root of the HIV-1/SIVcpz lineage with 996 of 1000 bootstrap replications. They clustered host specifically, and exhibited about 16.9% diversity at the level of nucleotide sequence among Cameroonian SIVmnd strains. These results indicate that the SIVmnds isolated in Cameroon are a novel type of SIVmnd and have infected Cameroonian mandrills for a long time. We therefore designated the Cameroonian SIVmnd as SIVmnd type 2 and redesignated SIVmndGB1 as SIVmnd type 1. To date, M. sphinx is the only primate species other than humans that is naturally infected with two different types of SIV.
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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2004
THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) dis-plays a high degree of genetic variability an... more THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) dis-plays a high degree of genetic variability and a number of subtypes or clades are identified. The highest number of HIV-1 subtypes were reported in central Africa where all ma-jor subtypes of groups M (A through K) as ...
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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2002
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Le syndrome d'immunodeficience acquise humaine est cause par des virus qui appartiennent a la... more Le syndrome d'immunodeficience acquise humaine est cause par des virus qui appartiennent a la famille des retroviridae et au genre lentivinae, caracterises par une plus grande variabilite de leur materiel genetique. La caracterisation genetique du plus grand nombre d'isolats de VIH circulant dans le monde est importante pour, la surveillance de la dynamique de l'epidemie et la definition des differents antigenes candidats pour une preparation vaccinale. La majorite des patients infectes par les VIH reside en Afrique sub-saharienne et c'est dans la region equatoriale de ce continent qu'est observee la plus grande diversite virale. A ce jour, il a ete rapporte trois groupes de VIH-1 : M, N, O et dix sous-types dans le groupe majoritaire M (A A J). Afin de caracteriser les virus circulants au Congo Brazzaville, nous avons etudie differentes ethnies (bantous et pygmees). Nous avons determine les sequences nucleotidiques d'une partie des genes gag (P24), polintegr...
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To investigate the prevalence of subtypes A and C, and the existence of recombinants of both subt... more To investigate the prevalence of subtypes A and C, and the existence of recombinants of both subtypes in the southeast of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), blood samples were collected from 27 HIV-infected individuals in Likasi, located in an area bordering close to Zambia, and analyzed phylogenetically. Out of the 24 strains with a positive PCR profile for pol-IN and env-C2V3, 15 (62.5%) had a discordant subtype or CRF designation: one subtype A/G (pol/env), four A/U (unclassified), three G/A, one G/CRF01, three H/A, one J/C, one CRF02 (G)/A, and one U/A. Nine (37.5%) strains had a concordant subtype or CRF designation: five subtype A, two C, one D, and one CRF02/G. The remaining three samples negative for PCR with env-C2V3 primers used in this study were further analyzed with env-gp41 primers and revealed the presence of two profiles: two J/J (pol-IN/env-gp41) and one C/G. These data highlight the presence of a high proportion (16/27, 59.3%) of recombinant strains and a low ...
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Http Www Theses Fr, 1999
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Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, Jun 1, 2000
To assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Republic of Congo (Congo), we investigated 29 HI... more To assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Republic of Congo (Congo), we investigated 29 HIV-1s obtained from 82 Congolese AIDS and ARC patients in 1996 and 1997. Part of the env region including the V3 loop was phylogenetically analyzed. The genotypes observed were varied: of 29 specimens, 12 (41 %) were subtype A, 1 (3%) was subtype D, 6 (21%) were subtype G, 6 (21%) were subtype H, 2 (7%) were subtype J, and 2 (7%) could not be classified as any known subtypes (U, unclassified). The heterogeneous profile of HIV-1 infection was different from the profiles of neighboring Central African countries. These data show that subtypes G and H as well as subtype A were circulating with high prevalence. The fact that new genetic subtypes (J and U) are circulating indicates a need for a greater surveillance for these subtypes both in Congo as well as in other parts of the world.
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Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 2003
Hairy cell Leukaemia (HCL) is a rare chronic lymphoid hemoproliferation. Few studies have been ca... more Hairy cell Leukaemia (HCL) is a rare chronic lymphoid hemoproliferation. Few studies have been carried out in this area in sub-Saharan Africa. Between January 1993 and December 1999, 10 cases (6 men and 4 women, average age: 43.3) of HCL were registered in the haematology service of the University hospital Centre of Brazzaville (UHCB). As far as the socio-professional and environmental risk is concerned, three patients have probably been exposed: one as a workman in wood working industry and the other two as exposed to hydrocarbons manipulation for at least ten years. Retroviral serology tests were negative for HIV and HTLV I/II. From a clinical standpoint, patients all presented large spleen, which was misinterpreted as being of malarial origin associated with severe pancytopenia. Histological and immunohistological assays were instrumental in making the correct diagnosis. Chemotherapy could not be systematically offered due to lack of means. Splenectomy was performed, and for 2 pa...
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La Revue du praticien, 1993
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are malignant tumours of lymphotic tissue. They predominantly involve... more Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are malignant tumours of lymphotic tissue. They predominantly involve the lymph nodes but may affect all organs. The distribution of lymphomas is summarized in the Ann Arbor classification into two types of extranodal tumours: localized primary lymphomas and secondary lymphomas expressing a disseminated disease. The most frequent sites of secondary lymphomas are the bone marrow and the liver, while those of primary lymphomas are the digestive tract and the E.N.T. region. The diagnosis is complicated by the clinical polymorphism of extranodal lymphomas, particularly when the tumour is located in regions such as the brain, where histological samples are difficult to obtain. The prognosis does not rest on the multiplicity of clinical presentations but exclusively on the histology and size of the tumoral mass. Only cerebromeningeal and cutaneous lymphomas require special treatments.
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Journal of Medical Primatology, 1999
To determine newly identified lentiviruses, termed simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)cpz97CG4 an... more To determine newly identified lentiviruses, termed simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)cpz97CG4 and SIVcpz97CG6, from two wild-captured juvenile brother chimpanzees in the Republic of Congo, subgenomic pol (integrase, 288 bp), 5'tat/rev-env Cl (including vpu, 354 bp) and env (C2-C4, 544 bp) gene fragments were amplified and sequenced. The analysis revealed significantly discordant phylogenetic positions of SIVcpz97CG in each genomic region. In the trees derived from partial env sequences (V3), both SIVcpz strains clustered in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype A. However, in the trees derived from partial pol (integrase) and 5'tat/rev-env C1 (including vpu) sequences, they clustered independently from any of the known HIV-1 subtypes. Especially, in the 5'tat/rev-vpu tree, they branched before the root of HIV-1 group M. These findings suggest that these Congolese SIVcpz genomes are mosaic, probably due to a recombinational event in the recent past, and it provides evidence for a rather recently occurring cross-species transmission between humans and chimpanzees.
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Journal of General Virology, 2005
In order to understand primate lentivirus evolution, characterization of additional simian immuno... more In order to understand primate lentivirus evolution, characterization of additional simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains is essential. Here, an SIV from a black mangabey (Lophocebus aterrimus) originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo was analysed phylogenetically. The monkey had cross-reactive antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2. The viral pol region sequence was amplified by nested PCR and sequence analysis confirmed that it was related to known SIV sequences. This is the first report to characterize genetically an SIV from the monkey genus Lophocebus. Phylogenetic analysis of the pol region revealed that this novel SIV, designated SIVbkm, fell into the SIVsyk and SIVgsn virus group, containing viruses isolated from the genus Cercopithecus, and suggests that cross-species transmission has occurred between species of the genera Lophocebus and Cercopithecus.
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Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2006
To document the actual genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains in the Republic of Congo, 114 HIV-1 pos... more To document the actual genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains in the Republic of Congo, 114 HIV-1 positives persons were sampled in 2003 and 2004 after their informed consent. They were attending the teaching hospital, the reference health center in Makelekele, Brazzaville and the regional hospital centers in Pointe-Noire, Gamboma and Ouesso. A total of 104 samples were genetically characterized by direct sequencing of the p24 gag region and 80 were also subtyped in the V3-V5 env region. The genetic subtype distribution of the Congolese strains showed the predominance of subtype A (36.5% and 32.5% in gag and env, respectively) and G (30.8% and 21.25%), whereas subtype D strains represented 12.5% and 15%. Subtypes C, F, H, J, K and the CRFs-01, -02, -05 -06, and also the recently characterized CRF18 were seen at lower rates. Finally, 4.8% (gag) and 6.25% (env) of the strains could not be classified. Moreover, a high intra-subtype diversity was observed in our study. Among 70 strains which have been characterized in the two genomic regions, 14 (20%) appeared to be unique recombinants. These data show a high genetic variability in the Republic of Congo, where all the subtypes have been documented together with certain subsubtypes and several CRFs.
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FEBS Letters, 1998
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Biorheology, 1995
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Archives of Virology, 1999
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Papers by Blaise Bikandou