Het RIVM heeft onderzocht welke indicatoren het meest geschikt zijn om onverwachte effecten van g... more Het RIVM heeft onderzocht welke indicatoren het meest geschikt zijn om onverwachte effecten van genetisch gemodificeerde (GM) gewassen op de bodem aan te geven. Daaruit blijkt dat een beperkt aantal processen en organismen dat iets kan zeggen over de gesteldheid van de bodem wordt beinvloed door GM-gewassen. Processen als het gehalte aan organisch stof en de mate waarin dat wordt afgebroken, de aanwezigheid van een bepaalde groep aaltjes en bodemschimmels kunnen daardoor als indicator worden gebruikt. Europese regelgeving stelt General Surveillance (GS), een nog te ontwikkelen systeem om het milieu te monitoren, verplicht als GM-gewassen tot de markt worden toegelaten. Het is echter nog niet duidelijk hoe een dergelijk General Surveillance systeem dient te worden opgezet en welke indicatoren het beste kunnen worden gekozen. Om geschikte indicatoren voor de bodem te vinden zijn in de literatuur de effecten van GMgewassen op het bodemsysteem onderzocht. De gerapporteerde effecten bleken vaak beperkt en van korte duur. Bovendien kan niet worden beoordeeld of deze effecten negatief zijn. In alle gevallen bleken de effecten van de gewone landbouwpraktijk, zoals ploegen en andere gewassoorten op de bodem telen, groter dan de effecten van GM-gewassen. Op basis van deze bevindingen zijn de bovengenoemde indicatoren voor de bodem aanbevolen voor General Surveillance.
The genes responsible for the formation of the F7 (2) fimbriae of the uropathogenic E. coli strai... more The genes responsible for the formation of the F7 (2) fimbriae of the uropathogenic E. coli strain AD110 (O6:K2:H1: F7 ) have been cloned on the recombinant plasmid pPIL110 -35 (Van Die et al. 1983). The F7 (2) fimbriae, like the F7 (1) fimbriae of AD110 , are responsible for mannose resistant haemagglutination ( MRHA ). The molecular organisation of the genes of pPIL110 -35 involved in the expression of MRHA was studied by: (a) analysis of transposon gamma delta and Tn5 insertion mutants. Mutations that cause an MRHA -deficient phenotype were located in discrete groups within an 11.5 kb restriction fragment of pPIL110 -35, separated by insertion mutations that do not inactivate MRHA . (b) complementation experiments. Restriction fragments of pPIL110 -35 subcloned in the vector pBR322 were tested for their ability to complement transposon insertion mutations in the corresponding regions of pPIL110 -35. Five complementation groups were distinguished. Five genes (designated A-E) involved in the expression of MRHA can be distinguished by these results. The products of these genes were analysed in minicells. The results indicate that gene B codes for a 75 K dalton protein, gene C for a 23 K dalton protein and gene E for a 36 K dalton protein. No product of gene D was observed. Gene A probably codes for the 17 K dalton subunit polypeptide of the F7 (2) fimbriae, as will be discussed.
The genes responsible for expression of type 1C fimbriae have been cloned from the uropathogenic ... more The genes responsible for expression of type 1C fimbriae have been cloned from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain AD110 in the plasmid vector pACYC184. Analysis of deletion mutants from these plasmids showed that a 7-kb DNA fragment was required for biosynthesis of 1C fimbriae. Further analysis of this DNA fragment showed that four genes are present encoding proteins of 16, 18.5, 21 and 89 kDal. A DNA fragment encoding the 16-kDal fimbrial subunit has been cloned. The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene and of the C- and N-terminal flanking regions was determined. The structural gene codes for a polypeptide of 181 amino acids, including a 24-residue N-terminal signal sequence. The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the 1C subunit gene were compared with the sequences of the fimA gene, encoding the type 1 fimbrial subunit of E. coli K-12. The data show absolute homology at the N- and C-termini; there is less, but significant homology in the region between the N- and C-termini. Comparison of the amino acid compositions of the 1C and FimA subunit proteins with those of the F72 and PapA proteins (subunits for P-fimbriae) revealed that homology between these two sets of fimbrial subunits is also maximal at the N- and C-termini.
... ELSEVIER Veterinary Microbiology 48 (1996) 5771 veterinary microbiology Isolation and charact... more ... ELSEVIER Veterinary Microbiology 48 (1996) 5771 veterinary microbiology Isolation and characterisation of dog uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis strains Wim Gaastra a.*, Robert AA van Oosterom b, Eef WJ Pieters a, Hans ... Peerbooms, PGH, AMJJ Verwey and DM MacLaren. ...
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 1979
... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total le... more ... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total length of ... cGGc 3'- CTAGC~TCCATAATTTTTCT,TCTAGA,TAAATAAATC C~CTAGA,CAAGATAACACTAG~ GAATAATCC TAGC GTGAC GGGACACCTATTGTTCCTAGGCC,G Barn HI Bgl ...
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 1979
... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total le... more ... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total length of ... cGGc 3'- CTAGC~TCCATAATTTTTCT,TCTAGA,TAAATAAATC C~CTAGA,CAAGATAACACTAG~ GAATAATCC TAGC GTGAC GGGACACCTATTGTTCCTAGGCC,G Barn HI Bgl ...
A number of requirements have to be met by a plasmid to be a useful cloning vector, suitable for ... more A number of requirements have to be met by a plasmid to be a useful cloning vector, suitable for the introduction of cloned DNA into a bacterial cell. Since the efficiency of transformation of bacterial cells drops drastically when plasmids larger than 15 kb are used, the size of the cloning vector should be small, preferably 3–4 kb. In this way foreign DNA fragments of 10–12 kb can be accommodated. Cloning vectors should contain an origin of replication that operates in the organism into which one wishes to introduce the cloned DNA. Furthermore the plasmid should contain a gene that can serve as a selectable marker for cells that have been transformed — for example, a gene encoding antibiotic resistance. Finally the plasmid should have one or several unique recognition sites for restriction enzymes, not located in essential regions of the plasmid.
Het RIVM heeft onderzocht welke indicatoren het meest geschikt zijn om onverwachte effecten van g... more Het RIVM heeft onderzocht welke indicatoren het meest geschikt zijn om onverwachte effecten van genetisch gemodificeerde (GM) gewassen op de bodem aan te geven. Daaruit blijkt dat een beperkt aantal processen en organismen dat iets kan zeggen over de gesteldheid van de bodem wordt beinvloed door GM-gewassen. Processen als het gehalte aan organisch stof en de mate waarin dat wordt afgebroken, de aanwezigheid van een bepaalde groep aaltjes en bodemschimmels kunnen daardoor als indicator worden gebruikt. Europese regelgeving stelt General Surveillance (GS), een nog te ontwikkelen systeem om het milieu te monitoren, verplicht als GM-gewassen tot de markt worden toegelaten. Het is echter nog niet duidelijk hoe een dergelijk General Surveillance systeem dient te worden opgezet en welke indicatoren het beste kunnen worden gekozen. Om geschikte indicatoren voor de bodem te vinden zijn in de literatuur de effecten van GMgewassen op het bodemsysteem onderzocht. De gerapporteerde effecten bleken vaak beperkt en van korte duur. Bovendien kan niet worden beoordeeld of deze effecten negatief zijn. In alle gevallen bleken de effecten van de gewone landbouwpraktijk, zoals ploegen en andere gewassoorten op de bodem telen, groter dan de effecten van GM-gewassen. Op basis van deze bevindingen zijn de bovengenoemde indicatoren voor de bodem aanbevolen voor General Surveillance.
The genes responsible for the formation of the F7 (2) fimbriae of the uropathogenic E. coli strai... more The genes responsible for the formation of the F7 (2) fimbriae of the uropathogenic E. coli strain AD110 (O6:K2:H1: F7 ) have been cloned on the recombinant plasmid pPIL110 -35 (Van Die et al. 1983). The F7 (2) fimbriae, like the F7 (1) fimbriae of AD110 , are responsible for mannose resistant haemagglutination ( MRHA ). The molecular organisation of the genes of pPIL110 -35 involved in the expression of MRHA was studied by: (a) analysis of transposon gamma delta and Tn5 insertion mutants. Mutations that cause an MRHA -deficient phenotype were located in discrete groups within an 11.5 kb restriction fragment of pPIL110 -35, separated by insertion mutations that do not inactivate MRHA . (b) complementation experiments. Restriction fragments of pPIL110 -35 subcloned in the vector pBR322 were tested for their ability to complement transposon insertion mutations in the corresponding regions of pPIL110 -35. Five complementation groups were distinguished. Five genes (designated A-E) involved in the expression of MRHA can be distinguished by these results. The products of these genes were analysed in minicells. The results indicate that gene B codes for a 75 K dalton protein, gene C for a 23 K dalton protein and gene E for a 36 K dalton protein. No product of gene D was observed. Gene A probably codes for the 17 K dalton subunit polypeptide of the F7 (2) fimbriae, as will be discussed.
The genes responsible for expression of type 1C fimbriae have been cloned from the uropathogenic ... more The genes responsible for expression of type 1C fimbriae have been cloned from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain AD110 in the plasmid vector pACYC184. Analysis of deletion mutants from these plasmids showed that a 7-kb DNA fragment was required for biosynthesis of 1C fimbriae. Further analysis of this DNA fragment showed that four genes are present encoding proteins of 16, 18.5, 21 and 89 kDal. A DNA fragment encoding the 16-kDal fimbrial subunit has been cloned. The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene and of the C- and N-terminal flanking regions was determined. The structural gene codes for a polypeptide of 181 amino acids, including a 24-residue N-terminal signal sequence. The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the 1C subunit gene were compared with the sequences of the fimA gene, encoding the type 1 fimbrial subunit of E. coli K-12. The data show absolute homology at the N- and C-termini; there is less, but significant homology in the region between the N- and C-termini. Comparison of the amino acid compositions of the 1C and FimA subunit proteins with those of the F72 and PapA proteins (subunits for P-fimbriae) revealed that homology between these two sets of fimbrial subunits is also maximal at the N- and C-termini.
... ELSEVIER Veterinary Microbiology 48 (1996) 5771 veterinary microbiology Isolation and charact... more ... ELSEVIER Veterinary Microbiology 48 (1996) 5771 veterinary microbiology Isolation and characterisation of dog uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis strains Wim Gaastra a.*, Robert AA van Oosterom b, Eef WJ Pieters a, Hans ... Peerbooms, PGH, AMJJ Verwey and DM MacLaren. ...
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 1979
... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total le... more ... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total length of ... cGGc 3'- CTAGC~TCCATAATTTTTCT,TCTAGA,TAAATAAATC C~CTAGA,CAAGATAACACTAG~ GAATAATCC TAGC GTGAC GGGACACCTATTGTTCCTAGGCC,G Barn HI Bgl ...
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 1979
... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total le... more ... The direction and extent to which sequences were read are indicated in Figure 2. The total length of ... cGGc 3'- CTAGC~TCCATAATTTTTCT,TCTAGA,TAAATAAATC C~CTAGA,CAAGATAACACTAG~ GAATAATCC TAGC GTGAC GGGACACCTATTGTTCCTAGGCC,G Barn HI Bgl ...
A number of requirements have to be met by a plasmid to be a useful cloning vector, suitable for ... more A number of requirements have to be met by a plasmid to be a useful cloning vector, suitable for the introduction of cloned DNA into a bacterial cell. Since the efficiency of transformation of bacterial cells drops drastically when plasmids larger than 15 kb are used, the size of the cloning vector should be small, preferably 3–4 kb. In this way foreign DNA fragments of 10–12 kb can be accommodated. Cloning vectors should contain an origin of replication that operates in the organism into which one wishes to introduce the cloned DNA. Furthermore the plasmid should contain a gene that can serve as a selectable marker for cells that have been transformed — for example, a gene encoding antibiotic resistance. Finally the plasmid should have one or several unique recognition sites for restriction enzymes, not located in essential regions of the plasmid.
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