Revolutionary Cleaning Method and Apparatus for Removing Oil, Grease, Carbon, Rust and Combustion... more Revolutionary Cleaning Method and Apparatus for Removing Oil, Grease, Carbon, Rust and Combustion Ammunition Residue from Barrels of Artillery Gun and Battle Tank with and without muzzle brakes, whereby cleaning fluid, bore brush and a winch are used to remove carbon, grease, oil, rust, and combustion ammunition residue from the barrel.
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 2016
Cotton production in the Mexicali valley is adversely affected by wilt and root rot disease assoc... more Cotton production in the Mexicali valley is adversely affected by wilt and root rot disease associated with Fusarium species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the antifungal activity and presence of lipopeptides genes in Bacillus subtilis strain Bs-Cach isolated from the rhizosphere of the cachanilla (Pluchea sericea). The dual culture technique was conducted to test antifungal effect of the Bs-Cach on the growth of Fusarium solani strains (ICA-3 and ICA-4, respectively), and the presence of iturin (ItuA), surfactin (SrfC), and fengycin (FenD) (lipopeptides genes), was evaluated by PCR analysis. The results obtained revealed that Bs-Cach inhibited the growth of F. solani ICA-3 and ICA-4, with a range of percentage inhibition from 50 and 52 after 120 h, respectively. On the other hand, our result of the PCR amplification of the lipopeptide genes from DNA of Bs-Cach showed solely the presence of iturin but not surfactin and fengycin genes. The analysis of sequence ituA present in Bs-Cach showed 84 % identity with iturin A synthetase of different B. subtilis strains. This study showed that B. subtilis Bs-Cach strain has the ability of inhibiting F. solani strains by at least one mechanism, the lipopeptide synthesis. This result turns Bs-Cach into a potential alternative for the biological control of F. solani. Nevertheless, this study was conducted under in vitro conditions, and further studies are required to investigate whether these results hold true under field conditions.
The purpose of the present study was to synthetize 80 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V... more The purpose of the present study was to synthetize 80 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V alloy using a commercially superoxidized water (SOW) enriched with fluoride to reduce anodization time and promote the antibacterial efficacy againstStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus). The alloy discs were anodized for 5 min and as a result, NTs of approximately 80 nm diameters were obtained with similar morphology as reported in previous studies using longer anodization times (1-2 h). Filed emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the materials surfaces. The NTs showed significantly decreasedS. aureusviability after 1, 3, and 5 days of culture in comparison to nonanodized alloy. Likewise, SEM analysis also suggested lower bacterial adhesion on the NTs surface. No differences in bacterial morphology and topography were observed on both materials, as analyzed by SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In conclusi...
Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/γ-Fe2O3) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting... more Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/γ-Fe2O3) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting of two steps: functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) in H2SO4/HNO3 followed by synthesis using Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O. As a result, the iron content of the CNF/γ-Fe2O3 was increased by more than twice from about 40% to about 87% mass percent, compared to the pristine CNF and oxidized CNF specimens, as proved by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited “cumulus” on the CNF/γ-Fe2O3 specimen surface, which showed the highest iron mass percentage, proved by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed attachment of γ-Fe2O3 cumulus to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNF walls after synthesis. The characteristic peaks of Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 appeared in the XPS spectra obtained on CNF/γ-Fe2O3. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated formation of γ-Fe2O3 during the synthesis process. The Rama...
It is imperative to understand and systematically compare the initial interactions between bacter... more It is imperative to understand and systematically compare the initial interactions between bacteria genre and surface properties. Thus, we fabricated a flat, anodized with 80 nm TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs), and a rough Ti6Al4V surface. The materials were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We cultured in vitro Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) to evaluate the bacterial-surface behavior by FE-SEM and viability calculation. In addition, the initial effects of human osteoblasts were tested on the materials. Gram-negative bacteria showed promoted adherence and viability over the flat and rough surface, while NTs displayed opposite activity with altered morphology. Gram-positive bacteria illustrated similar cellular architecture over the surfaces but with promoted surface adhesion bonds on the flat alloy. Rough surfaces supporte...
In the natural and industrial environments, pollution and corrosion are interrelated harmful proc... more In the natural and industrial environments, pollution and corrosion are interrelated harmful processes. Many water, air and soil pollutants accelerate corrosion and corrosion products such as rust, oxides and salts pollute water bodies at fluvial and marine ports, rivers, sea coasts, shipyards, dams, waterways and canals. Both are pernicious phenomena that impact the durability of the infrastructure assets, the industry efficiency and profitability and the quality of the environment. Corrosion affects mobile and fixed marine installations and equipment made from two basic engineering materials: Steel and reinforced concrete. This situation has been aggravated in recent decades by the discharge of industrial, municipal and agricultural effluents. These may contain toxic, fouling and corrosive components and/or produce them by biological and chemical processes. Three examples of contaminated ports located either on the sea coast or near the mouth of polluted rivers are presented: Huel...
Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to characterize the surface of steel reinforcement of con... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to characterize the surface of steel reinforcement of concrete under cathodic protection (CP), submerged in seawater, to understand the surface changes due to the application of CP and their consequences on cathodic current requirements. Design/methodology/approach – Reinforced concrete specimens with applied CP were immersed in natural seawater. The experimental methodology included monitoring of corrosion potential (Ecorr); measurement of galvanic current (Igalv), protection potential (Eprotection) and the depolarization potential of steel during the time of exposure; and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The chemical composition of the steel surface was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Findings – The application of CP leads to the formation of a deposit on the steel surface that according to XRD results, Pourbaix diagram and physical characteristics, is a protective oxide: magnetite (Fe3O4). This oxide causes a decrease i...
The Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) potential depends on the pH and the H2 pressure which det... more The Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) potential depends on the pH and the H2 pressure which determines the disolved hydrogen concentration according to the Henry law. RHE was applied as hydrogen sensor for real time bacterial hydrogen production rate evaluation employing the photosynthetic Rodobacter Capsulatus strain IR3 in 10 ml reactor containing RCV medium. The reliable determination of the produced H2 volume for determination of the process rate requires big reactor volumes since the H2 production rate is small, measured in mL/hour and the precise measurements of small gas volumes is very complicated. The RHE potential monitoring however allows real time determination of the generated H2 and hence the process rate without consumption of great reagent amounts.
Revolutionary Cleaning Method and Apparatus for Removing Oil, Grease, Carbon, Rust and Combustion... more Revolutionary Cleaning Method and Apparatus for Removing Oil, Grease, Carbon, Rust and Combustion Ammunition Residue from Barrels of Artillery Gun and Battle Tank with and without muzzle brakes, whereby cleaning fluid, bore brush and a winch are used to remove carbon, grease, oil, rust, and combustion ammunition residue from the barrel.
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 2016
Cotton production in the Mexicali valley is adversely affected by wilt and root rot disease assoc... more Cotton production in the Mexicali valley is adversely affected by wilt and root rot disease associated with Fusarium species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the antifungal activity and presence of lipopeptides genes in Bacillus subtilis strain Bs-Cach isolated from the rhizosphere of the cachanilla (Pluchea sericea). The dual culture technique was conducted to test antifungal effect of the Bs-Cach on the growth of Fusarium solani strains (ICA-3 and ICA-4, respectively), and the presence of iturin (ItuA), surfactin (SrfC), and fengycin (FenD) (lipopeptides genes), was evaluated by PCR analysis. The results obtained revealed that Bs-Cach inhibited the growth of F. solani ICA-3 and ICA-4, with a range of percentage inhibition from 50 and 52 after 120 h, respectively. On the other hand, our result of the PCR amplification of the lipopeptide genes from DNA of Bs-Cach showed solely the presence of iturin but not surfactin and fengycin genes. The analysis of sequence ituA present in Bs-Cach showed 84 % identity with iturin A synthetase of different B. subtilis strains. This study showed that B. subtilis Bs-Cach strain has the ability of inhibiting F. solani strains by at least one mechanism, the lipopeptide synthesis. This result turns Bs-Cach into a potential alternative for the biological control of F. solani. Nevertheless, this study was conducted under in vitro conditions, and further studies are required to investigate whether these results hold true under field conditions.
The purpose of the present study was to synthetize 80 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V... more The purpose of the present study was to synthetize 80 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V alloy using a commercially superoxidized water (SOW) enriched with fluoride to reduce anodization time and promote the antibacterial efficacy againstStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus). The alloy discs were anodized for 5 min and as a result, NTs of approximately 80 nm diameters were obtained with similar morphology as reported in previous studies using longer anodization times (1-2 h). Filed emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the materials surfaces. The NTs showed significantly decreasedS. aureusviability after 1, 3, and 5 days of culture in comparison to nonanodized alloy. Likewise, SEM analysis also suggested lower bacterial adhesion on the NTs surface. No differences in bacterial morphology and topography were observed on both materials, as analyzed by SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In conclusi...
Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/γ-Fe2O3) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting... more Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/γ-Fe2O3) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting of two steps: functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) in H2SO4/HNO3 followed by synthesis using Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O. As a result, the iron content of the CNF/γ-Fe2O3 was increased by more than twice from about 40% to about 87% mass percent, compared to the pristine CNF and oxidized CNF specimens, as proved by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited “cumulus” on the CNF/γ-Fe2O3 specimen surface, which showed the highest iron mass percentage, proved by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed attachment of γ-Fe2O3 cumulus to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNF walls after synthesis. The characteristic peaks of Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 appeared in the XPS spectra obtained on CNF/γ-Fe2O3. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated formation of γ-Fe2O3 during the synthesis process. The Rama...
It is imperative to understand and systematically compare the initial interactions between bacter... more It is imperative to understand and systematically compare the initial interactions between bacteria genre and surface properties. Thus, we fabricated a flat, anodized with 80 nm TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs), and a rough Ti6Al4V surface. The materials were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We cultured in vitro Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) to evaluate the bacterial-surface behavior by FE-SEM and viability calculation. In addition, the initial effects of human osteoblasts were tested on the materials. Gram-negative bacteria showed promoted adherence and viability over the flat and rough surface, while NTs displayed opposite activity with altered morphology. Gram-positive bacteria illustrated similar cellular architecture over the surfaces but with promoted surface adhesion bonds on the flat alloy. Rough surfaces supporte...
In the natural and industrial environments, pollution and corrosion are interrelated harmful proc... more In the natural and industrial environments, pollution and corrosion are interrelated harmful processes. Many water, air and soil pollutants accelerate corrosion and corrosion products such as rust, oxides and salts pollute water bodies at fluvial and marine ports, rivers, sea coasts, shipyards, dams, waterways and canals. Both are pernicious phenomena that impact the durability of the infrastructure assets, the industry efficiency and profitability and the quality of the environment. Corrosion affects mobile and fixed marine installations and equipment made from two basic engineering materials: Steel and reinforced concrete. This situation has been aggravated in recent decades by the discharge of industrial, municipal and agricultural effluents. These may contain toxic, fouling and corrosive components and/or produce them by biological and chemical processes. Three examples of contaminated ports located either on the sea coast or near the mouth of polluted rivers are presented: Huel...
Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to characterize the surface of steel reinforcement of con... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to characterize the surface of steel reinforcement of concrete under cathodic protection (CP), submerged in seawater, to understand the surface changes due to the application of CP and their consequences on cathodic current requirements. Design/methodology/approach – Reinforced concrete specimens with applied CP were immersed in natural seawater. The experimental methodology included monitoring of corrosion potential (Ecorr); measurement of galvanic current (Igalv), protection potential (Eprotection) and the depolarization potential of steel during the time of exposure; and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The chemical composition of the steel surface was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Findings – The application of CP leads to the formation of a deposit on the steel surface that according to XRD results, Pourbaix diagram and physical characteristics, is a protective oxide: magnetite (Fe3O4). This oxide causes a decrease i...
The Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) potential depends on the pH and the H2 pressure which det... more The Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) potential depends on the pH and the H2 pressure which determines the disolved hydrogen concentration according to the Henry law. RHE was applied as hydrogen sensor for real time bacterial hydrogen production rate evaluation employing the photosynthetic Rodobacter Capsulatus strain IR3 in 10 ml reactor containing RCV medium. The reliable determination of the produced H2 volume for determination of the process rate requires big reactor volumes since the H2 production rate is small, measured in mL/hour and the precise measurements of small gas volumes is very complicated. The RHE potential monitoring however allows real time determination of the generated H2 and hence the process rate without consumption of great reagent amounts.
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