W artykule zwraca sie uwage, ze wzrastającą od konca ubieglego wieku fale zainteresowan pamiecią ... more W artykule zwraca sie uwage, ze wzrastającą od konca ubieglego wieku fale zainteresowan pamiecią zbiorowej przeszlości charakteryzuje koncentracja uwagi na związkach tej pamieci z tozsamością zbiorową, przy jednoczesnym zaniedbywaniu pytania o mechanizmy tego związku. Zadawanie jednych pytan i pomijanie innych potraktowano jako przyklad mody w naukach spolecznych. Podjeto probe odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego wyobrazenia o tym, co zdarzylo sie w przeszlości, mają wplyw na poczucie związku jednostki ze zbiorowością i postrzeganie siebie jako jej czlonka. Wskazane zostają trzy sposoby dzialania pamieci przeszlości na rzecz tozsamości zbiorowej: po pierwsze, przez tworzenie świadomości wspolnego trwania w czasie; po drugie, jako narzedzia przekazu wspolnych wartości i wzorow zachowania (w pamieci zbiorowej postacie i wydarzenia historyczne zostają przeksztalcone w ich symbole); po trzecie, wskutek tego, ze symbole te tworzą specyficzny „jezyk” grupy, ktory staje sie jednym z jej wyrozn...
The Polish collective memory of World War II integrates the Soviet occupation of the eastern area... more The Polish collective memory of World War II integrates the Soviet occupation of the eastern areas, and the Nazi occupation in the west. Analysis of mass media communication shows that both pre-1989, and after that date different interpretations of events from that era were presented. Surveys carried out from 1965 to 2004 demonstrate that for the majority of Poles World War II gives them reason to be proud, and few see any cause for shame. The war experience of family members is also a common topic between family and friends. Recalling or passing down war experiences in a private, family setting stems from the fact that in Europe World War II affected everybody, civilians included. The presence of "personal perspectives" in the memory of World War II is a sign of the development of the "postnational" attitude toward the past. Another expression of this attitude is the drive to preserve the memory of concrete individuals, victims of the war, as well as to accept the remembrance of those who fought on the other side.
Changes of attitude to history after the system transformation in 1989 as noted in surveys are ch... more Changes of attitude to history after the system transformation in 1989 as noted in surveys are changes of attitude to the past understood both as the memory of history of the social group and as what happened before. In the first case, it is the changes of what one remembers; in the second, of how one remembers. I present them in the following points: I. 1. 1. Decline of interest in history, 2 Shortening the time horizon, 3. Interest in local social history, 4. Interest in family history. II 1 Individualism, 2. Corporeality, sensuality, 3 Commercialization.
All social transitions and systemic transformations are accompanied by changes in collective memo... more All social transitions and systemic transformations are accompanied by changes in collective memory because images of the past play a significant role in the supporting of the current social order. Three issues are discussed in the article: (1) collective memory as related to academic history; (2) memory of the past as a factor contributing to the legitimization of the political system and group identity; (3) changes in collective memory in Poland which accompanied the crisis and fall of communism. The discussion is based on data from sociological surveys on collective memory, conducted in 1965, 1977 and 1988.
W artykule zwraca sie uwage, ze wzrastającą od konca ubieglego wieku fale zainteresowan pamiecią ... more W artykule zwraca sie uwage, ze wzrastającą od konca ubieglego wieku fale zainteresowan pamiecią zbiorowej przeszlości charakteryzuje koncentracja uwagi na związkach tej pamieci z tozsamością zbiorową, przy jednoczesnym zaniedbywaniu pytania o mechanizmy tego związku. Zadawanie jednych pytan i pomijanie innych potraktowano jako przyklad mody w naukach spolecznych. Podjeto probe odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego wyobrazenia o tym, co zdarzylo sie w przeszlości, mają wplyw na poczucie związku jednostki ze zbiorowością i postrzeganie siebie jako jej czlonka. Wskazane zostają trzy sposoby dzialania pamieci przeszlości na rzecz tozsamości zbiorowej: po pierwsze, przez tworzenie świadomości wspolnego trwania w czasie; po drugie, jako narzedzia przekazu wspolnych wartości i wzorow zachowania (w pamieci zbiorowej postacie i wydarzenia historyczne zostają przeksztalcone w ich symbole); po trzecie, wskutek tego, ze symbole te tworzą specyficzny „jezyk” grupy, ktory staje sie jednym z jej wyrozn...
The Polish collective memory of World War II integrates the Soviet occupation of the eastern area... more The Polish collective memory of World War II integrates the Soviet occupation of the eastern areas, and the Nazi occupation in the west. Analysis of mass media communication shows that both pre-1989, and after that date different interpretations of events from that era were presented. Surveys carried out from 1965 to 2004 demonstrate that for the majority of Poles World War II gives them reason to be proud, and few see any cause for shame. The war experience of family members is also a common topic between family and friends. Recalling or passing down war experiences in a private, family setting stems from the fact that in Europe World War II affected everybody, civilians included. The presence of "personal perspectives" in the memory of World War II is a sign of the development of the "postnational" attitude toward the past. Another expression of this attitude is the drive to preserve the memory of concrete individuals, victims of the war, as well as to accept the remembrance of those who fought on the other side.
Changes of attitude to history after the system transformation in 1989 as noted in surveys are ch... more Changes of attitude to history after the system transformation in 1989 as noted in surveys are changes of attitude to the past understood both as the memory of history of the social group and as what happened before. In the first case, it is the changes of what one remembers; in the second, of how one remembers. I present them in the following points: I. 1. 1. Decline of interest in history, 2 Shortening the time horizon, 3. Interest in local social history, 4. Interest in family history. II 1 Individualism, 2. Corporeality, sensuality, 3 Commercialization.
All social transitions and systemic transformations are accompanied by changes in collective memo... more All social transitions and systemic transformations are accompanied by changes in collective memory because images of the past play a significant role in the supporting of the current social order. Three issues are discussed in the article: (1) collective memory as related to academic history; (2) memory of the past as a factor contributing to the legitimization of the political system and group identity; (3) changes in collective memory in Poland which accompanied the crisis and fall of communism. The discussion is based on data from sociological surveys on collective memory, conducted in 1965, 1977 and 1988.
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