Papers by Barbara Calcinai
<i>Iotrochota</i> cf. <i>sinki</i> Samaai Pillay &amp; Janson, 2019 F... more <i>Iotrochota</i> cf. <i>sinki</i> Samaai Pillay &amp; Janson, 2019 Fig. 20<i>Iotrochota sinki</i> Samaai <i>et al</i>. 2019: 40, fig. 16a–g. Material examinedPONTA DO OURO • 3 fragments about 1 cm 3; 26°46′55.65″ S, 32°54′13.41″ E; Three Sisters; 24.2 m deep; 22 Mar. 2017; Cerrano leg.; PO85 • 1 single fragment 4.5× 2× 1 cm; 26°49′17.512″ S, 32°53′42.5″ E; Kev's; 26.2 m deep; 22 Apr. 2017; Cerrano leg.; PO100. DescriptionSponge massively encrusting or massive (Fig. 20 A–B). On the surface, the exhalant system is evident as a vein-like pattern converging on the oscula (Fig. 20B). The color is yellow, mottled with brick red patches (Fig. 20 A–B). In alcohol, the sponge changes its color to brown. Where the ectosome is preserved, the surface is smooth and the areolate surface still evident. The consistence is firm and incompressible.SKELETON. The ectosome consists of a layer of compact smooth styles, easily detachable. The choanosome presents a reticulum of multispicular primary fibers, between 70 and 150 µm, with meshes up to 300 µm, and secondary multispicular fibers, 30–50 µm in section, with smooth, interstitial styles.SPICULES. Styles (Fig. 20C), 140–(167, 14.8)– 195 µm ×5–(6.1, 0.8)– 7.5 µm, bent in the proximal part, closer to the head, the tips acerate or mucronate; thin and straight styles (Fig. 20D) 220–(232.5, 7.7)– 245 µm × 3–(4.5, 0.6)– 5 µm; less common and slightly curved, strongyles (Fig. 20E) 150–(170)– 190 µm ×5– (6.5)– 8 µm; birotulas (Fig. 20F) 12–(16, 1.3)– 17 µm.RemarksThe specimens belong to the genus <i>Iotrochota</i> Ridley, 1884, due to the structure of the choanosome with multispicular fibers and the presence of two different kinds of megascleres and birotulas. It comprises 15 species, with nine spread in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. <i>Iotrochota nigra</i> (Baer, 1906) was recorded in the same geographic area (East Africa), but differs in morphology and color, and, above all, in the absence of birotulas. <i>Iotrochota baculifera</i> Rildley, 1884 and <i>I. purpurea</i> (Bowerbank, 1875) are f [...]
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<i>Hyattella pedunculata</i> Calcinai &amp; Belfiore sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.or... more <i>Hyattella pedunculata</i> Calcinai &amp; Belfiore sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5D86D9AC-962D-48A7-BF1D-12879B09E573Fig. 5DiagnosisA species of <i>Hyattella</i> characterized by a globular body, supported by a short stalk; small-sized fibers and free of inclusion. EtymologyThe species is named ' <i>pedunculata</i> ' due to its characteristic stalk, in Latin ' <i>pedunculus</i> '. Material examined<b>Holotype</b>PONTA DO OURO • fragment about 7 ×3× 2.5 cm; 26°46′38.829″ S, 32°54′17.381″ E; Waynes; 40.6 m deep; 17 Feb. 2017; Cerrano leg.; MSNG 61418.<b>Paratype</b>PONTA DO OURO • 2 fragments, the biggest, preserved dry, is 3× 2× 1.5 cm; Cloud break; 18 May 2015; Torsani leg; MSNG 61419.DescriptionThe sponge is pedunculate and the massive, globular body is supported by a short stalk (Fig. 5 A–B). The color is reddish-pink, but in alcohol it turns creamy. The reddish color is still preserved in the dried state. The paratype (MSNG 61419) presents irregular short and thick digitations (Fig. 5A, C) while in the holotype (MSNG 61418) the surface is more even (Fig. 5B). At a microscopic observation, the surface is smooth and appears cribrous; the consistence is firm but compressible. The body is cavernous, completely perforated by large lacunae (Fig. 5C).SKELETON. It consists of a network of long primary fibers, 10–25 µm, linked by very short secondary fibers, 7.5–20 µm in diameter, forming irregular meshes, around 250 µm wide (Fig. 5D); fibers are free from inclusions. Presence of rounded foreign bodies 100–200 µm in section on superficial cuticle (Fig. 5E).RemarksThe specimens belong to the genus <i>Hyattella</i> Lendenfeld, 1888, showing a lacunose body, an unarmoured surface and a skeleton composed by common primary fibers linked by secondary fibers. This species is characterized by the small size of its primary and secondary fibers compared to the size of the fibers in the other species of the genus; moreover, the pedunculate shape is rare among species of the genus <i>Hyattella</i>; only <i>Hyattella globosa [...]
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FIG. 1. — Tethya ornata; A, holotype; B, strongyloxeas; C, the superficial layer of tylasters; D,... more FIG. 1. — Tethya ornata; A, holotype; B, strongyloxeas; C, the superficial layer of tylasters; D, the variable shape of ornate megasters; E, F, SEM views of megasters; G, H, SEM views of tylasters. Scale bars: A, 6 mm; B, 130 µm; C, 15 µm; D, 30 µm; E, 8 µm; F, 25 µm; G, 2.5 µm; H, 1.5 µm.
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Fig. 26. Terpios granulosus Bergquist, 1967. A. Sponge (PO96) encrusting the octocoral Carijoa sp... more Fig. 26. Terpios granulosus Bergquist, 1967. A. Sponge (PO96) encrusting the octocoral Carijoa sp. B. Tylostyles organized in brushes (SEM). C. Tylostyle and magnification of heads, different in shape.
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Fig. 17. Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884). A. Specimen PdO14 in situ. B. Big style. C. Sma... more Fig. 17. Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884). A. Specimen PdO14 in situ. B. Big style. C. Small style. D. Spirasters.
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Fig. 24. Ciocalypta heterostyla Hentschel, 1912. A. Fistules erect, coming out the sediment (PO63... more Fig. 24. Ciocalypta heterostyla Hentschel, 1912. A. Fistules erect, coming out the sediment (PO63). B. Skeleton of the basal part. C. Skeleton of fistules. D–E. Styles.
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Fig. 18. Chondropsis lamella (Lendenfeld, 1888). A–C. Specimens in situ, respectively PO32, PO79 ... more Fig. 18. Chondropsis lamella (Lendenfeld, 1888). A–C. Specimens in situ, respectively PO32, PO79 and PdO18c; in B the arrows point the slightly elevated oscules. D. Strongyles. E. Magnifications of the tips. F. Sigmas.
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Fig. 6. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aerizusa Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1984. A–C. Specimens in situ, r... more Fig. 6. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aerizusa Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1984. A–C. Specimens in situ, respectively PdO18a, PO82 and PO86. D. Ectosomal skeleton. E. Choanosomal skeleton. F. Oxeas.
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Fig. 8. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pulitzeri Van Soest & Hooper, 2020. A. Specimen IMG0827 in si... more Fig. 8. Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pulitzeri Van Soest & Hooper, 2020. A. Specimen IMG0827 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. SEM picture of the ectosomal skeleton. D. Ectosomal skeleton. E. SEM picture of the choanosomal skeleton and small portion of the ectosome on the top left of the figure. F. Oxea.
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Fig. 5. Hyattella pedunculata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov. A, C. Specimen in situ, paratype MSNG ... more Fig. 5. Hyattella pedunculata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov. A, C. Specimen in situ, paratype MSNG 61419; C shows the internal, lacunose body. B. Holotype MSNG 61418. D. Network of fibers. E. Superficial cuticle with foreign sand.
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<i>Pseudoceratina purpurea</i> (Carter, 1880) Fig. 3<i>Aplysina purpurea</i&... more <i>Pseudoceratina purpurea</i> (Carter, 1880) Fig. 3<i>Aplysina purpurea</i> Carter, 1880: 36. Material examinedPONTA DO OURO • two fragments of about 5×2 ×2 and 6 ×3× 3 cm; 26°49′17.512″ S, 32°53′42.514″ E; Kev's; 23.4 m deep; 3 Feb. 2017; Cerrano leg.; PO4 • 1 spec.; Jenny's Paradise; 26°46′50.336″ S, 32°54′12.329″ E; 17.8 m deep; 12 Apr. 2017; Cerrano leg.; PO97.DescriptionThe live specimens are massively encrusting (Fig. 3A) or massively, irregularly spherical (Fig. 3B). They have an uneven surface with scattered, small, sharp conules and prominent oscula (Fig. 3B). Thelive sponge is light yellow (Fig. 3 A–B); the alcohol-preserved specimens become dark purple, and have a smooth and irregular surface. The consistence is tough.SKELETON. Spongin fibers scarcely developed, the choanosome is collagenous.RemarksThe specimens belong to the genus <i>Pseudoceratina</i> Carter, 1885 due to the fibrous, dendritic skeleton and to the dense and collagenous matrix. There are four valid species in this genus, all with an Indo- Pacific distribution (Van Soest <i>et al.</i> 2019). <i>Pseudoceratina arabica</i> (Keller, 1889) contains abundant fibers and is characterized by high conules; <i>P. durissima</i> Carter, 1885 has been recorded in south-east Australia and shows a blue-black live color, with a smooth surface. <i>Pseudoceratina verrucosa</i> Bergquist, 1995 differs in its strongly verrucose surface and thicker fibers. The specimens fit perfectly with the original description of <i>Pseudoceratina purpurea</i> (Carter, 1880) in the general morphology and in the scarcely developed fibers. More recent, complete description and illustrations are available in Bergquist (1965: 135, fig. 6, as <i>Psammaplysilla purpurea</i>). The species is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean and has been already recorded in Madagascar (Vacelet <i>et al.</i> 1976).
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Marine Biodiversity, 2020
In the Mediterranean Sea, the symbiosis between the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1826) a... more In the Mediterranean Sea, the symbiosis between the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1826) and the polychaete Haplosyllis chamaeleon Laubier, 1960 (Annelida, Syllidae, Syllinae) has only been documented from the western basin. Our findings extend its geographic distribution to the north-central basin and represent the first record of H. chamaeleon in Italy and Croatia. Periodic observations from the Ligurian Sea allowed establishing that the symbiont occurs on P. clavata almost throughout the year, showing a reproductive period longer than previously reported. Morphometric comparisons of three Mediterranean populations, from Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea), Cape of Creus (Catalan Sea) and Chafarinas Archipelago (Alboran Sea) proved that there were no significant differences in body measurements, whilst the observed differences in dorsal cirri length pattern could be consider intra-specific. Our behavioural observations confirm that the species had (i) a kleptoparasitic beha...
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Marine Environmental Research, 2015
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International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2015
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Coral Reefs, 2008
Coral communities in South Yemen, are dominated by large Porites colonies accounting for up to 47... more Coral communities in South Yemen, are dominated by large Porites colonies accounting for up to 47% of the total benthic cover and forming a high three-dimensional framework. A distinct orange-reddish band spreading over approximately 50% of the Porites lutea colonies was recently observed (Fig. 1a). As the band progressed over the coral it faded behind leaving the dead coral skeleton for other organisms to colonise (Fig. 1a). Although spreading like a coral disease, the band was actually an infestation of a sponge belonging to the genus Clathria (Microciona) forming encrustations less than 1 mm thick. The subsurface canals of the aquiferous system meandering from oscules are visible in Fig. 1b. Clathria (Microciona) insinuates within the first 1–2 mm of the coral skeleton (Fig. 1c) filling corallites (Fig. 1d) and leaving spicules (Fig. 1e). No signs of bioerosion were visible. Toxic substances production could explain the successful overgrowth of the coral. Coral tissue destruction was rapid; preliminary results indicate it grows at an average rate of 1 cm month. Up to now Terpios hoshinota has been reported to threaten Pacific corals especially in polluted and stressed areas (Plucer-Rosario 1987; Rutzler and Muzik 1993) and Mycale grandis rapidly overgrows corals in Hawai’i (Coles and Bolick 2007). Clathria (Microciona) sp., however, differs from these sponges in presenting an unusual growth strategy leaving the dead coral skeleton behind and being strongly species-specific for Porites lutea.
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Bảo tồn đa …, 2004
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Applied Sciences, 2021
Coastal areas are known to receive significant anthropogenic inputs, mainly deriving from metropo... more Coastal areas are known to receive significant anthropogenic inputs, mainly deriving from metropolitan areas, industries, and activities related to tourism. Among these inputs, some trace elements are listed as priority pollutants in the European Water Framework Directive, due to their ability to bioaccumulate in organisms. Many studies have been conducted on heavy metals (HMs) accumulation and on their possible effects on different edible marine species. While the most studied sessile organisms are bivalves, in the current review, we focus our attention on other sessile taxa (sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, polychaetes, cirripeds, and tunicates), proposed as bioindicators in coastal shallow waters. Although their potential as bioindicator tools has been repeatedly highlighted in the literature, these organisms are still poorly investigated and considered for monitoring. In this context, we analyze the available literature about this topic, in order to summarize the current knowledg...
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F1000Research, 2013
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Papers by Barbara Calcinai