Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease... more AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease blood lead levels (BLLs) of children at high risk for chronic lead poisoning and to determine its effects on short-term memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 8–12 years lived in the highest traffic density in Medan randomly included in this quasi-experimental study, divided into two groups (control and supplementation group received tablet contain four hundred milligrams oral calcium twice daily for 3 months). Samples for BLLs were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation, and short-term memory measurements are carried out by picture and forward digital span test. Descriptive statistics were calculated at baseline and 3 months; comparison between before and after treatment was assessed with t-tests, p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: BLLs samples, who are exposed to lead for >6 months were ranging between 0.4–12 μg/dL. Median BLLs in suppl...
The total plasma and partial metabolic and renal clearances of theobromine and theophylline were ... more The total plasma and partial metabolic and renal clearances of theobromine and theophylline were determined in 13 healthy volunteers. Total plasma clearance for theobromine was 46% greater than that for theophylline, but the unbound clearances were almost identical. Theobromine renal clearance was 67% greater than that for theophylline but most of the difference was due to the lower protein binding of theobromine (free fraction = 0.86 compared to 0.58 for theophylline). Clearance by N-demethylation at the 3-position was 3.7-fold higher (unbound clearance 2.5-fold higher) for theobromine than for theophylline, showing that the position of the other methyl substituent (positions 1 or 7) is a major determinant of metabolic rate. There was a high degree of correlation between theophylline and theobromine plasma clearances (r = 0.86) and also between partial metabolic clearances both within drugs and across drugs (r = 0.65-0.99). The renal clearances of theophylline and theobromine were also correlated (r = 0.71). The results support the view that theophylline and theobromine are metabolized by a common group of cytochromes P-450 under similar regulatory control. Theobromine is a good model compound for assessing the activity of these enzymes in man as it has low pharmacological activity and low protein binding, its total and partial metabolic clearances correlate closely with those of theophylline, and close to 100% of the dose can be recovered as known metabolites.
Propolis as natural resources from bee has complex biological and chemical depending the plant ar... more Propolis as natural resources from bee has complex biological and chemical depending the plant around the hives. This study aimed to find out cytotoxic activity of n-hexane fractions of propolis from Madu Efi’s bee farm N-hexane and the maceration method were used to make the fraction. Using the MTT method on WiDr cell lines for 24 and 48 hours, cytotoxic activity was measured. The MTT test showed that the IC50 values for the n-hexane fraction and 5-Fu were 74.16 0.11 g/mL; 54.40 0.78 g/mL for 24 h; and 49.65 1.03 g/mL; 33.86 0.58 g/mL for 48 h. The results show that WiDr cell lines are killed by n-hexane fractions of propolis from MaduEfi’s bee farm. The best time to incubate them is for 48 hours.
Thiamin is an essential water-soluble nutrient that is naturally available in some foods and avai... more Thiamin is an essential water-soluble nutrient that is naturally available in some foods and available as a supplement. This nutrient plays a vital role in metabolism, cell growth and development. The recommended daily intake of thiamin for adults is around 1.1–1.2 mg/day. Several studies have described that thiamin deficiency is commonly seen in critically ill patients, mainly sepsis. Thiamin deficiency reduces pyruvate access to the Krebs cycle, therefore, increases the production of lactate. The administration of thiamin in critically ill patients has been linked to better outcomes and depletion of mortality rate.
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. For secondary treatment, aspirin is the agent ... more Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. For secondary treatment, aspirin is the agent of choice. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of β fibrinogen gene -455 G/A are associated with increased plasma fibrinogen levels. We evaluated the correlation between β fibrinogen gene-455 G/A promoter polymorphisms and ischemic stroke (IS) outcome on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in patients treated with aspirin by age groups. A Cohort study design was adopted comprising 136 patients of younger (<55) and older ages (>55). Patients used aspirin for 3 months after IS and completed a detailed stroke-outcome questionnaire. Overall, genotype distribution was 66.2% for GG, 27.2% for GA and 6.6% for AA. The youngage group showed genotypes GG, GA and AA as 30.1%, 15.4% and 6.6%, respectively. After aspirin administration, plasma fibrinogen levels dropped to 248.65±100.71 mg/dl and 235.75±82.01 mg/dl in young and old age groups, respectively. Low and high plasma fibrinogen levels were de...
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2020
Objective: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. The main therapeutic modal... more Objective: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. The main therapeutic modality for breast cancer with brain metastasis is radiation. Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) is a regional treatment that provides moderate doses of radiotherapy to all brain tissue. Capecitabine was found to be effective for the treatment of breast cancer with metastasis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of WBRT on the response of breast cancer brain metastatic lesions combined with capecitabine administration. Methods: This study uses a prospective, randomized-blind cohort analytic study approach. Subjects were randomized into two groups by giving different fraction of WBRT and capecitabine. Subjects were evaluated 4 w post-radiation. Data on differences in patient responses in the two treatment groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 23 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis participated in this study. Group I (WBRT 10x3Gy + capecitabine 1000 mg/m2/b.i.d) obtained r...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, more than 1 in every two elderly h... more BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, more than 1 in every two elderly have hypertension, dominated by women. The primary prevention of hypertension is a worldwide public health concern. Salat Dhuha is a moderate-intensity physical activity. Salat with a two-movement cycle (rakaat) demonstrated improved hemodynamic in adults. AIM: Our study purpose was to asses the effects of 2 and 8 rakaats of Salat Dhuha in improving systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in healthy elderly women. METHODS: Elderly women in the Senior Care Residence (aged 60–74 years) participated in a 6-week controlled study. We completed a formal physical, clinical, and blood assessments before admission. Participants with a history of hypertension were excluded from the study. The participants were randomized into 2 groups, i.e., “8 rakaats group” (n = 13) and “2 rakaats group” (n = 13) of Salat Dhuha. Two participants dropped out from the present study. At baseline and at ...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease... more AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease blood lead levels (BLLs) of children at high risk for chronic lead poisoning and to determine its effects on short-term memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 8–12 years lived in the highest traffic density in Medan randomly included in this quasi-experimental study, divided into two groups (control and supplementation group received tablet contain four hundred milligrams oral calcium twice daily for 3 months). Samples for BLLs were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation, and short-term memory measurements are carried out by picture and forward digital span test. Descriptive statistics were calculated at baseline and 3 months; comparison between before and after treatment was assessed with t-tests, p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: BLLs samples, who are exposed to lead for >6 months were ranging between 0.4–12 μg/dL. Median BLLs in suppl...
Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss is the fourth largest ... more Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss is the fourth largest disability globally, affecting an estimated 466 million people in 2018. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hearing loss was estimated at 16.8% in 2016. Intra-Arterial Heparin Flushing (IAHF) is an endovascular technique that uses heparin to promote reperfusion and increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression. VEGF is a polypeptide angiogenesis factor present in the nervous system, which functions as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective. Meanwhile, prestin is a protein of outer ear hair cells that shows early signs of hearing loss through increased levels in cases of ear hair cell damage. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of IAHF on prestin and VEGF levels in hearing-impaired patients. Methods: The design is experimental with Pre-Post Test One-Group Only. A total of 22 patients with hearing loss were measured for prestin and VEGF before and 4 hours after the I...
Background. Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is a highly disruptive disease, especially in underdev... more Background. Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is a highly disruptive disease, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. This condition requires standard TB treatment for 9–18 months, which increases patient risk of drug-resistant TB. Consequently, this raises the concern of adopting additional therapies to shorten the treatment duration, improve the efficacy of anti-TB drugs, and further decrease damage in the affected tissues and organs. Matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1 is a key regulator of the destruction of the extracellular matrix and associated proteins and is a new potential target for TB treatment research. In the present study, we investigated the effects of doxycycline as an MMP-1 inhibitor in patients with spondylitis TB. Methods. Seventy-two New Zealand white rabbits with spondylitis TB were divided into 12 different groups based on incubation period (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) and doxycycline administration (without, 1 mg/kg body weight (BW), and 5 mg/kg BW). We ...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease... more AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease blood lead levels (BLLs) of children at high risk for chronic lead poisoning and to determine its effects on short-term memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 8–12 years lived in the highest traffic density in Medan randomly included in this quasi-experimental study, divided into two groups (control and supplementation group received tablet contain four hundred milligrams oral calcium twice daily for 3 months). Samples for BLLs were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation, and short-term memory measurements are carried out by picture and forward digital span test. Descriptive statistics were calculated at baseline and 3 months; comparison between before and after treatment was assessed with t-tests, p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: BLLs samples, who are exposed to lead for >6 months were ranging between 0.4–12 μg/dL. Median BLLs in suppl...
The total plasma and partial metabolic and renal clearances of theobromine and theophylline were ... more The total plasma and partial metabolic and renal clearances of theobromine and theophylline were determined in 13 healthy volunteers. Total plasma clearance for theobromine was 46% greater than that for theophylline, but the unbound clearances were almost identical. Theobromine renal clearance was 67% greater than that for theophylline but most of the difference was due to the lower protein binding of theobromine (free fraction = 0.86 compared to 0.58 for theophylline). Clearance by N-demethylation at the 3-position was 3.7-fold higher (unbound clearance 2.5-fold higher) for theobromine than for theophylline, showing that the position of the other methyl substituent (positions 1 or 7) is a major determinant of metabolic rate. There was a high degree of correlation between theophylline and theobromine plasma clearances (r = 0.86) and also between partial metabolic clearances both within drugs and across drugs (r = 0.65-0.99). The renal clearances of theophylline and theobromine were also correlated (r = 0.71). The results support the view that theophylline and theobromine are metabolized by a common group of cytochromes P-450 under similar regulatory control. Theobromine is a good model compound for assessing the activity of these enzymes in man as it has low pharmacological activity and low protein binding, its total and partial metabolic clearances correlate closely with those of theophylline, and close to 100% of the dose can be recovered as known metabolites.
Propolis as natural resources from bee has complex biological and chemical depending the plant ar... more Propolis as natural resources from bee has complex biological and chemical depending the plant around the hives. This study aimed to find out cytotoxic activity of n-hexane fractions of propolis from Madu Efi’s bee farm N-hexane and the maceration method were used to make the fraction. Using the MTT method on WiDr cell lines for 24 and 48 hours, cytotoxic activity was measured. The MTT test showed that the IC50 values for the n-hexane fraction and 5-Fu were 74.16 0.11 g/mL; 54.40 0.78 g/mL for 24 h; and 49.65 1.03 g/mL; 33.86 0.58 g/mL for 48 h. The results show that WiDr cell lines are killed by n-hexane fractions of propolis from MaduEfi’s bee farm. The best time to incubate them is for 48 hours.
Thiamin is an essential water-soluble nutrient that is naturally available in some foods and avai... more Thiamin is an essential water-soluble nutrient that is naturally available in some foods and available as a supplement. This nutrient plays a vital role in metabolism, cell growth and development. The recommended daily intake of thiamin for adults is around 1.1–1.2 mg/day. Several studies have described that thiamin deficiency is commonly seen in critically ill patients, mainly sepsis. Thiamin deficiency reduces pyruvate access to the Krebs cycle, therefore, increases the production of lactate. The administration of thiamin in critically ill patients has been linked to better outcomes and depletion of mortality rate.
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. For secondary treatment, aspirin is the agent ... more Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. For secondary treatment, aspirin is the agent of choice. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of β fibrinogen gene -455 G/A are associated with increased plasma fibrinogen levels. We evaluated the correlation between β fibrinogen gene-455 G/A promoter polymorphisms and ischemic stroke (IS) outcome on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in patients treated with aspirin by age groups. A Cohort study design was adopted comprising 136 patients of younger (<55) and older ages (>55). Patients used aspirin for 3 months after IS and completed a detailed stroke-outcome questionnaire. Overall, genotype distribution was 66.2% for GG, 27.2% for GA and 6.6% for AA. The youngage group showed genotypes GG, GA and AA as 30.1%, 15.4% and 6.6%, respectively. After aspirin administration, plasma fibrinogen levels dropped to 248.65±100.71 mg/dl and 235.75±82.01 mg/dl in young and old age groups, respectively. Low and high plasma fibrinogen levels were de...
International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2020
Objective: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. The main therapeutic modal... more Objective: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. The main therapeutic modality for breast cancer with brain metastasis is radiation. Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) is a regional treatment that provides moderate doses of radiotherapy to all brain tissue. Capecitabine was found to be effective for the treatment of breast cancer with metastasis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of WBRT on the response of breast cancer brain metastatic lesions combined with capecitabine administration. Methods: This study uses a prospective, randomized-blind cohort analytic study approach. Subjects were randomized into two groups by giving different fraction of WBRT and capecitabine. Subjects were evaluated 4 w post-radiation. Data on differences in patient responses in the two treatment groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 23 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis participated in this study. Group I (WBRT 10x3Gy + capecitabine 1000 mg/m2/b.i.d) obtained r...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, more than 1 in every two elderly h... more BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, more than 1 in every two elderly have hypertension, dominated by women. The primary prevention of hypertension is a worldwide public health concern. Salat Dhuha is a moderate-intensity physical activity. Salat with a two-movement cycle (rakaat) demonstrated improved hemodynamic in adults. AIM: Our study purpose was to asses the effects of 2 and 8 rakaats of Salat Dhuha in improving systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in healthy elderly women. METHODS: Elderly women in the Senior Care Residence (aged 60–74 years) participated in a 6-week controlled study. We completed a formal physical, clinical, and blood assessments before admission. Participants with a history of hypertension were excluded from the study. The participants were randomized into 2 groups, i.e., “8 rakaats group” (n = 13) and “2 rakaats group” (n = 13) of Salat Dhuha. Two participants dropped out from the present study. At baseline and at ...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease... more AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease blood lead levels (BLLs) of children at high risk for chronic lead poisoning and to determine its effects on short-term memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 8–12 years lived in the highest traffic density in Medan randomly included in this quasi-experimental study, divided into two groups (control and supplementation group received tablet contain four hundred milligrams oral calcium twice daily for 3 months). Samples for BLLs were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation, and short-term memory measurements are carried out by picture and forward digital span test. Descriptive statistics were calculated at baseline and 3 months; comparison between before and after treatment was assessed with t-tests, p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: BLLs samples, who are exposed to lead for >6 months were ranging between 0.4–12 μg/dL. Median BLLs in suppl...
Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss is the fourth largest ... more Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss is the fourth largest disability globally, affecting an estimated 466 million people in 2018. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hearing loss was estimated at 16.8% in 2016. Intra-Arterial Heparin Flushing (IAHF) is an endovascular technique that uses heparin to promote reperfusion and increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression. VEGF is a polypeptide angiogenesis factor present in the nervous system, which functions as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective. Meanwhile, prestin is a protein of outer ear hair cells that shows early signs of hearing loss through increased levels in cases of ear hair cell damage. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of IAHF on prestin and VEGF levels in hearing-impaired patients. Methods: The design is experimental with Pre-Post Test One-Group Only. A total of 22 patients with hearing loss were measured for prestin and VEGF before and 4 hours after the I...
Background. Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is a highly disruptive disease, especially in underdev... more Background. Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is a highly disruptive disease, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. This condition requires standard TB treatment for 9–18 months, which increases patient risk of drug-resistant TB. Consequently, this raises the concern of adopting additional therapies to shorten the treatment duration, improve the efficacy of anti-TB drugs, and further decrease damage in the affected tissues and organs. Matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1 is a key regulator of the destruction of the extracellular matrix and associated proteins and is a new potential target for TB treatment research. In the present study, we investigated the effects of doxycycline as an MMP-1 inhibitor in patients with spondylitis TB. Methods. Seventy-two New Zealand white rabbits with spondylitis TB were divided into 12 different groups based on incubation period (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) and doxycycline administration (without, 1 mg/kg body weight (BW), and 5 mg/kg BW). We ...
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