In today"s changing world every individual is facing a certain level of stress and none of t... more In today"s changing world every individual is facing a certain level of stress and none of the profession is even stress free. Every one facing stress within the family and relatives, business, study work, or any of socio- economic activity they are involved in. Stress has become the part and problem of everyone"s life, it became the main concern to everyone, and apart from that everybody wants a stress- free life. Teaching profession are generally viewed as a low stress profession and characterized as light workload, flexibility in working hours and benefits such as health facility, foreign trips for conference etc. However, recent studies suggested that the teachers of self finance colleges are facing a high level of occupational stress due to avoidance of rules made by authorities and concentration of college administrative power in single hand. This concentration of power and high level of profit maximization desire leads to exploitation of employees of college. So, th...
Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the antimic... more Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the antimicrobial resistant potential of these species. Efflux pumps can lead to reduced susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics and are present in large number across Acinetobacter spp.
This paper presents a robotic system (Chitrakar) which autonomously converts any image of a human... more This paper presents a robotic system (Chitrakar) which autonomously converts any image of a human face to a recognizable non-self-intersecting loop (Jordan Curve) and draws it on any planar surface. The image is processed using Mask R-CNN for instance segmentation, Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) for feature enhancement and intensity based probabilistic stippling for the image to points conversion. These points are treated as a destination for a travelling salesman and are connected with an optimal path which is calculated heuristically by minimizing the total distance to be travelled. This path is converted to a Jordan Curve in feasible time by removing intersections using a combination of image processing, 2-opt, and Bresenham’s Algorithm. The robotic system generates n instances of each image for human aesthetic judgement, out of which the most appealing instance is selected for the final drawing. The drawing is executed carefully by the robot’s arm using trapezoidal velocity profile...
Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to ... more Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory disease. Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It has been demonstrated that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter and substance P, a neuropeptide, are involved in the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are key players in inflammatory disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily, selectins, and integrins are involved at different steps of leukocyte migration from blood to the site of injury. When the endothelial cells get activated, the CAMs are upregulated which leads to them interacting with leukocytes. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles H2S, substance P and adhesion molecules play in acute pancreatitis.
We introduce the concept of Data Memes as artistic visuals of data in which users can merge data ... more We introduce the concept of Data Memes as artistic visuals of data in which users can merge data visualizations with an image such that the structure of the image supports the user’s intended meaning (or interpretation) of the data. Since Data Memes can represent very personal views, it is natural to employ them in the visualization of personal data. Hence, in this paper we focus on the use of Data Memes for this purpose and also explain how they can be constructed with relative ease. Data Memes as a general concept are meant to engage users with the visualization and persuade a viewer to look at the data. Communicating personal achievements is often the wish of posters in social networks, and although we have not tested this yet, we believe that Data Memes augmented with pertinent personal data have good potential to achieve higher levels of attention in these circles, and elsewhere.
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen. Multidrug-resistant isolat... more Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen. Multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii are reported worldwide. Some A. baumannii isolates display resistance to nearly all antibiotics, making treatment of infections very challenging. As the need for new and effective antibiotics against A. baumannii becomes increasingly urgent, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in this organism. In this work, comparative genomics was used to understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in AB030, an extremely drug-resistant and hypervirulent strain of A. baumannii that is a representative of a recently emerged lineage of A. baumannii International Clone V. In order to characterize AB030, we carried out a genomic and phenotypic comparison with LAC-4, a previously described hyper-resistant and hypervirulent isolate. AB030 contains a number of antibiotic resistance- and virulence-associated genes that are n...
Acinetobacter baumannii is a high-priority pathogen for which research on mechanisms of resistanc... more Acinetobacter baumannii is a high-priority pathogen for which research on mechanisms of resistance and virulence is a critical need. Commonly used antibiotic selection markers are not suitable for use in MDR and XDR isolates of A. baumannii due to the high antibiotic resistance of these isolates, which poses a barrier to the study of this pathogen. This study demonstrates the practical potential of using apramycin and zeocin mini-Tn 7 - and Flp recombinase-encoded constructs to carry out genomic manipulations in clinical isolates of A. baumannii displaying MDR and XDR phenotypes.
Resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem for society, and there are increasing effo... more Resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem for society, and there are increasing efforts to understand the reasons for and sources of resistance. Bacterial-encoded enzymes and transport systems, both innate and acquired, are the most frequent culprits for the development of resistance, although in , the catalase-peroxidase, KatG, has been linked to the activation of the antitubercular drug isoniazid. While investigating a possible link between aminoglycoside antibiotics and the induction of oxidative bursts, we observed that KatG reduces susceptibility to aminoglycosides. Investigation revealed that kanamycin served as an electron donor for the peroxidase reaction, reducing the oxidized ferryl intermediates of KatG to the resting state. Loss of electrons from kanamycin was accompanied by the addition of a single oxygen atom to the aminoglycoside. The oxidized form of kanamycin proved to be less effective as an antibiotic. Kanamycin inhibited the crystallization of KatG, ...
In this study, we analyzed 15 multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas aerugin... more In this study, we analyzed 15 multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from chronic lung infections for expression of 4 different multidrug efflux systems (MexAB–OprM, MexCD–OprJ, MexEF–OprN, and MexXY), using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Overexpression of MexXY pump was observed in all of the isolates tested. Analysis of regulatory genes that control the expression of these 4 efflux pumps revealed a number of previously uncharacterized mutations. Our work shows that MexXY pump overexpression is common in cystic fibrosis isolates and could be contributing to their reduced aminoglycoside susceptibility. Further, we also identified novel mutations in the regulatory genes of the 4 abovementioned Resistance–Nodulation–Division superfamily pumps that may be involved in the overexpression of these pumps.
The limitation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) for microbial community analyses in water ... more The limitation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) for microbial community analyses in water is the inability to differentiate live (dormant cells as well as growing or non-growing metabolically active cells) and dead cells, which can lead to false positive results in the absence of live microbes. Propidium-monoazide (PMA) has been used to selectively remove DNA from dead cells during downstream sequencing process. In comparison, 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based) can target live microbial cells in water as both dormant and metabolically active cells produce rRNA. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency and sensitivity of DNA-based, PMA-based and RNA-based 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing methodologies for live bacteria detection in water samples experimentally spiked with different combination of bacteria (2 gram-negative and 2 gram-positive/acid fast species either all live, all dead, or combinations of live and dead species) or obtained from different sources (Fi...
In today"s changing world every individual is facing a certain level of stress and none of t... more In today"s changing world every individual is facing a certain level of stress and none of the profession is even stress free. Every one facing stress within the family and relatives, business, study work, or any of socio- economic activity they are involved in. Stress has become the part and problem of everyone"s life, it became the main concern to everyone, and apart from that everybody wants a stress- free life. Teaching profession are generally viewed as a low stress profession and characterized as light workload, flexibility in working hours and benefits such as health facility, foreign trips for conference etc. However, recent studies suggested that the teachers of self finance colleges are facing a high level of occupational stress due to avoidance of rules made by authorities and concentration of college administrative power in single hand. This concentration of power and high level of profit maximization desire leads to exploitation of employees of college. So, th...
Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the antimic... more Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the antimicrobial resistant potential of these species. Efflux pumps can lead to reduced susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics and are present in large number across Acinetobacter spp.
This paper presents a robotic system (Chitrakar) which autonomously converts any image of a human... more This paper presents a robotic system (Chitrakar) which autonomously converts any image of a human face to a recognizable non-self-intersecting loop (Jordan Curve) and draws it on any planar surface. The image is processed using Mask R-CNN for instance segmentation, Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) for feature enhancement and intensity based probabilistic stippling for the image to points conversion. These points are treated as a destination for a travelling salesman and are connected with an optimal path which is calculated heuristically by minimizing the total distance to be travelled. This path is converted to a Jordan Curve in feasible time by removing intersections using a combination of image processing, 2-opt, and Bresenham’s Algorithm. The robotic system generates n instances of each image for human aesthetic judgement, out of which the most appealing instance is selected for the final drawing. The drawing is executed carefully by the robot’s arm using trapezoidal velocity profile...
Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to ... more Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory disease. Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It has been demonstrated that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter and substance P, a neuropeptide, are involved in the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are key players in inflammatory disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily, selectins, and integrins are involved at different steps of leukocyte migration from blood to the site of injury. When the endothelial cells get activated, the CAMs are upregulated which leads to them interacting with leukocytes. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles H2S, substance P and adhesion molecules play in acute pancreatitis.
We introduce the concept of Data Memes as artistic visuals of data in which users can merge data ... more We introduce the concept of Data Memes as artistic visuals of data in which users can merge data visualizations with an image such that the structure of the image supports the user’s intended meaning (or interpretation) of the data. Since Data Memes can represent very personal views, it is natural to employ them in the visualization of personal data. Hence, in this paper we focus on the use of Data Memes for this purpose and also explain how they can be constructed with relative ease. Data Memes as a general concept are meant to engage users with the visualization and persuade a viewer to look at the data. Communicating personal achievements is often the wish of posters in social networks, and although we have not tested this yet, we believe that Data Memes augmented with pertinent personal data have good potential to achieve higher levels of attention in these circles, and elsewhere.
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen. Multidrug-resistant isolat... more Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial bacterial pathogen. Multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii are reported worldwide. Some A. baumannii isolates display resistance to nearly all antibiotics, making treatment of infections very challenging. As the need for new and effective antibiotics against A. baumannii becomes increasingly urgent, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in this organism. In this work, comparative genomics was used to understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in AB030, an extremely drug-resistant and hypervirulent strain of A. baumannii that is a representative of a recently emerged lineage of A. baumannii International Clone V. In order to characterize AB030, we carried out a genomic and phenotypic comparison with LAC-4, a previously described hyper-resistant and hypervirulent isolate. AB030 contains a number of antibiotic resistance- and virulence-associated genes that are n...
Acinetobacter baumannii is a high-priority pathogen for which research on mechanisms of resistanc... more Acinetobacter baumannii is a high-priority pathogen for which research on mechanisms of resistance and virulence is a critical need. Commonly used antibiotic selection markers are not suitable for use in MDR and XDR isolates of A. baumannii due to the high antibiotic resistance of these isolates, which poses a barrier to the study of this pathogen. This study demonstrates the practical potential of using apramycin and zeocin mini-Tn 7 - and Flp recombinase-encoded constructs to carry out genomic manipulations in clinical isolates of A. baumannii displaying MDR and XDR phenotypes.
Resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem for society, and there are increasing effo... more Resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem for society, and there are increasing efforts to understand the reasons for and sources of resistance. Bacterial-encoded enzymes and transport systems, both innate and acquired, are the most frequent culprits for the development of resistance, although in , the catalase-peroxidase, KatG, has been linked to the activation of the antitubercular drug isoniazid. While investigating a possible link between aminoglycoside antibiotics and the induction of oxidative bursts, we observed that KatG reduces susceptibility to aminoglycosides. Investigation revealed that kanamycin served as an electron donor for the peroxidase reaction, reducing the oxidized ferryl intermediates of KatG to the resting state. Loss of electrons from kanamycin was accompanied by the addition of a single oxygen atom to the aminoglycoside. The oxidized form of kanamycin proved to be less effective as an antibiotic. Kanamycin inhibited the crystallization of KatG, ...
In this study, we analyzed 15 multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas aerugin... more In this study, we analyzed 15 multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from chronic lung infections for expression of 4 different multidrug efflux systems (MexAB–OprM, MexCD–OprJ, MexEF–OprN, and MexXY), using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Overexpression of MexXY pump was observed in all of the isolates tested. Analysis of regulatory genes that control the expression of these 4 efflux pumps revealed a number of previously uncharacterized mutations. Our work shows that MexXY pump overexpression is common in cystic fibrosis isolates and could be contributing to their reduced aminoglycoside susceptibility. Further, we also identified novel mutations in the regulatory genes of the 4 abovementioned Resistance–Nodulation–Division superfamily pumps that may be involved in the overexpression of these pumps.
The limitation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) for microbial community analyses in water ... more The limitation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) for microbial community analyses in water is the inability to differentiate live (dormant cells as well as growing or non-growing metabolically active cells) and dead cells, which can lead to false positive results in the absence of live microbes. Propidium-monoazide (PMA) has been used to selectively remove DNA from dead cells during downstream sequencing process. In comparison, 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based) can target live microbial cells in water as both dormant and metabolically active cells produce rRNA. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency and sensitivity of DNA-based, PMA-based and RNA-based 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing methodologies for live bacteria detection in water samples experimentally spiked with different combination of bacteria (2 gram-negative and 2 gram-positive/acid fast species either all live, all dead, or combinations of live and dead species) or obtained from different sources (Fi...
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Papers by Ayush kumar