IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Jun 1, 2016
Simulation techniques are extensively used in vehicle performance evaluations, particularly for a... more Simulation techniques are extensively used in vehicle performance evaluations, particularly for advanced vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs, and battery electric vehicles. It is necessary that the parameters used in simulation models are estimated properly so that the simulations can produce results that are close to real-world behaviors. This paper suggests methodologies for estimating parameters for a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery model by analyzing test data obtained from chassis dynamometer tests. A representative model based on a first-order equivalent circuit is used for the battery, and four main parameters of the model-source voltage, internal resistance, polarization resistance, and polarization capacitance-are obtained by characterizing the test results. The model is validated with the test data by applying the estimated parameters in the model, and the validation results show that the battery output voltage is calculated by the simulation model very well; 70% of simulations produce the output voltage within 1% of the root-mean-square error, as compared with the test data. Although the methodology cannot replace a conventional process that estimates the battery parameters from dedicated tests, the approach would be very feasible and save the effort and time needed to develop simulation models for Li-ion batteries.
In October 2016, a first international challenge devoted to the energy management of a fuel cell/... more In October 2016, a first international challenge devoted to the energy management of a fuel cell/battery vehicle was launched during the 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), in Hangzhou, China. Following the success of this first initiative, this paper describes the technical framework of a second challenge focused on the energy management of a Range Extender Electric Vehicle, the Chevrolet Volt. Both Academic and Professional teams are welcomed to participate in this challenge. The aim is to develop a robust Energy Management Strategy to minimize the fuel consumption and the battery charging cost. In this way, a validated vehicle model and control will be provided to the challenge participants by the use of the Autonomie Matlab Simulink & Stateflow based software, developed by the Argonne National Laboratory. The top scoring participants will be distinguished and invited to present their results in a special session at the 2018 IEEE VPPC.
This is a new version of PSAT. New features include a new Graphical User Interface; an enhanced p... more This is a new version of PSAT. New features include a new Graphical User Interface; an enhanced post processing; new component models, and XML documentation. The PSAT-NP software is used for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) simulation. This forward-looking model allows users to simulate more than 150 different HEV configurations through its Graphical User Interface. With the PSAT Graphical User Interface, the user can choose the configurations desired along with the different components to be considered and develop and appropriate control strategy. Several simulations can be run sequentially using PSAT's compilation extension capability.
There is an opportunity for using digital maps with real-time updates to improve the energy manag... more There is an opportunity for using digital maps with real-time updates to improve the energy management of vehicles. In this paper the authors present research on how this can be achieved in the particular case of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. With perfect knowledge of the trip ahead, it is possible to find the optimal control of the vehicle. Digital maps however only provide averaged information about the future itinerary, such as location of stops, intersection type and average speed. First, the authors demonstrate how the authors can generate naturalistic speed profiles for a given itinerary. The authors do so by augmenting the information from digital maps by actual recorded speeds from a travel survey and Markov chains. Secondly, the authors detail how these speed profiles can be used for control optimization. The authors used the Pontryagin minimum principle to optimally tune the vehicle energy management and then evaluated the actual fuel savings using the Autonomie simulation tool.
2017 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2017
In developing a transportation system model, the energy impact of the model is extremely importan... more In developing a transportation system model, the energy impact of the model is extremely important for sustainability and validation. One approach to evaluating the energy impact is to consider the amount of fuel consumed by transportation in the model for different scenarios and technologies. Argonne National Laboratory has collaborated with the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) and the Detroit Department of Transportation to develop and validate a transportation system model for Southeast Michigan, focusing on the city of Detroit. The objective of this paper is to analyze the vehicle energy consumption in the Detroit Transportation System model. The focus is on evaluating the SEMCOG road network drive cycles as performed with current and future vehicle technologies.
2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC), 2019
The prevailing trend toward greater automation and connectivity requires modeling and analysis to... more The prevailing trend toward greater automation and connectivity requires modeling and analysis tools to explore connectivity, automation, decision science and other future mobility issues at multiple scales. This paper describes various modeling efforts in order to model the mobility and energy impact of autonomous and connected technologies; design of scenarios under different technological, behavioral, and socioeconomic assumptions; and finally, key findings from the scenario runs enabled by the advanced models developed. The integrated ABM-DTA software POLARIS has been extended to include transit, intra-household vehicle sharing, transportation network company (TNC) operations along with updates to the mesoscopic traffic models and value of time adjustments due to new technologies affecting the mode, destination, and route choice. The three scenarios are summarized as high sharing – low automation, high sharing – high automation, and low sharing – high automation, with VMT changes ranging from -13% to 42%.
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVS) have the potential to improve fuel economy by changing th... more Connected and automated vehicles (CAVS) have the potential to improve fuel economy by changing the way vehicles are driven. Fuel economy can be improved through a wide range of technologies, many of which do not require Level 5 automation. One of the most promising technologies is a smart cruise control that uses a speed-matching algorithm to account for fuel economy. Accounting for fuel economy in the algorithm leads to different driving behavior than simply matching the driver-entered set speed. This paper describes how such a smart cruise control could be applied to a class 8 vehicle both in simulation and in the actual vehicle on a closed test track. It evaluates the algorithm and describes the correlation procedure used to calibrate the model using test data from the vehicle. INTRODUCTION Connected and automated vehicles (CAVS) have the potential to improve fuel economy by changing the way vehicles are driven. Fuel economy can be improved through a wide range of technologies, m...
This paper provides fundamentals of how to energy-efficiently pass through signalized intersectio... more This paper provides fundamentals of how to energy-efficiently pass through signalized intersections while avoiding any rear-end collisions with leading vehicles. In our previous works [1, 2], analytical solutions with and without second-order pure state constraints imposed by the preceding vehicle were presented; these showed significant energy saving potential for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) compared to human-driven vehicles. However, these solutions were derived assuming that the desired distance headway policy does not include a speed change over a predictive horizon, and that the preceding vehicle has constant acceleration. We use the desired time headway policy that includes the speed change to define the first-order pure state constraint. We then derive analytical solutions using the direct adjoining method based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle. We also present a novel solver to compute energy-optimal and collision-free state trajectories by accounting for a piec...
2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2020
A speed planner uses available information to enable automated vehicles to “eco-drive,” which inc... more A speed planner uses available information to enable automated vehicles to “eco-drive,” which includes eco-approach and departure at signalized intersections and leads to significant energy savings. Here we summarize the design of a proposed speed planner that generates multiple modes based on its analysis of optimal solutions, and we showcase the role of the parameters in the trajectory generation of each mode in the speed planner. For greater energy savings compared to human-driven vehicles, without sacrificing travel time, we optimally tune parameters through a global optimization method in a high-fidelity simulation framework. Finally, we analyze how the fine-tuning process makes driving more efficient and show its energy impacts.
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Jun 1, 2016
Simulation techniques are extensively used in vehicle performance evaluations, particularly for a... more Simulation techniques are extensively used in vehicle performance evaluations, particularly for advanced vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs, and battery electric vehicles. It is necessary that the parameters used in simulation models are estimated properly so that the simulations can produce results that are close to real-world behaviors. This paper suggests methodologies for estimating parameters for a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery model by analyzing test data obtained from chassis dynamometer tests. A representative model based on a first-order equivalent circuit is used for the battery, and four main parameters of the model-source voltage, internal resistance, polarization resistance, and polarization capacitance-are obtained by characterizing the test results. The model is validated with the test data by applying the estimated parameters in the model, and the validation results show that the battery output voltage is calculated by the simulation model very well; 70% of simulations produce the output voltage within 1% of the root-mean-square error, as compared with the test data. Although the methodology cannot replace a conventional process that estimates the battery parameters from dedicated tests, the approach would be very feasible and save the effort and time needed to develop simulation models for Li-ion batteries.
In October 2016, a first international challenge devoted to the energy management of a fuel cell/... more In October 2016, a first international challenge devoted to the energy management of a fuel cell/battery vehicle was launched during the 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), in Hangzhou, China. Following the success of this first initiative, this paper describes the technical framework of a second challenge focused on the energy management of a Range Extender Electric Vehicle, the Chevrolet Volt. Both Academic and Professional teams are welcomed to participate in this challenge. The aim is to develop a robust Energy Management Strategy to minimize the fuel consumption and the battery charging cost. In this way, a validated vehicle model and control will be provided to the challenge participants by the use of the Autonomie Matlab Simulink & Stateflow based software, developed by the Argonne National Laboratory. The top scoring participants will be distinguished and invited to present their results in a special session at the 2018 IEEE VPPC.
This is a new version of PSAT. New features include a new Graphical User Interface; an enhanced p... more This is a new version of PSAT. New features include a new Graphical User Interface; an enhanced post processing; new component models, and XML documentation. The PSAT-NP software is used for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) simulation. This forward-looking model allows users to simulate more than 150 different HEV configurations through its Graphical User Interface. With the PSAT Graphical User Interface, the user can choose the configurations desired along with the different components to be considered and develop and appropriate control strategy. Several simulations can be run sequentially using PSAT's compilation extension capability.
There is an opportunity for using digital maps with real-time updates to improve the energy manag... more There is an opportunity for using digital maps with real-time updates to improve the energy management of vehicles. In this paper the authors present research on how this can be achieved in the particular case of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. With perfect knowledge of the trip ahead, it is possible to find the optimal control of the vehicle. Digital maps however only provide averaged information about the future itinerary, such as location of stops, intersection type and average speed. First, the authors demonstrate how the authors can generate naturalistic speed profiles for a given itinerary. The authors do so by augmenting the information from digital maps by actual recorded speeds from a travel survey and Markov chains. Secondly, the authors detail how these speed profiles can be used for control optimization. The authors used the Pontryagin minimum principle to optimally tune the vehicle energy management and then evaluated the actual fuel savings using the Autonomie simulation tool.
2017 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2017
In developing a transportation system model, the energy impact of the model is extremely importan... more In developing a transportation system model, the energy impact of the model is extremely important for sustainability and validation. One approach to evaluating the energy impact is to consider the amount of fuel consumed by transportation in the model for different scenarios and technologies. Argonne National Laboratory has collaborated with the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) and the Detroit Department of Transportation to develop and validate a transportation system model for Southeast Michigan, focusing on the city of Detroit. The objective of this paper is to analyze the vehicle energy consumption in the Detroit Transportation System model. The focus is on evaluating the SEMCOG road network drive cycles as performed with current and future vehicle technologies.
2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC), 2019
The prevailing trend toward greater automation and connectivity requires modeling and analysis to... more The prevailing trend toward greater automation and connectivity requires modeling and analysis tools to explore connectivity, automation, decision science and other future mobility issues at multiple scales. This paper describes various modeling efforts in order to model the mobility and energy impact of autonomous and connected technologies; design of scenarios under different technological, behavioral, and socioeconomic assumptions; and finally, key findings from the scenario runs enabled by the advanced models developed. The integrated ABM-DTA software POLARIS has been extended to include transit, intra-household vehicle sharing, transportation network company (TNC) operations along with updates to the mesoscopic traffic models and value of time adjustments due to new technologies affecting the mode, destination, and route choice. The three scenarios are summarized as high sharing – low automation, high sharing – high automation, and low sharing – high automation, with VMT changes ranging from -13% to 42%.
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVS) have the potential to improve fuel economy by changing th... more Connected and automated vehicles (CAVS) have the potential to improve fuel economy by changing the way vehicles are driven. Fuel economy can be improved through a wide range of technologies, many of which do not require Level 5 automation. One of the most promising technologies is a smart cruise control that uses a speed-matching algorithm to account for fuel economy. Accounting for fuel economy in the algorithm leads to different driving behavior than simply matching the driver-entered set speed. This paper describes how such a smart cruise control could be applied to a class 8 vehicle both in simulation and in the actual vehicle on a closed test track. It evaluates the algorithm and describes the correlation procedure used to calibrate the model using test data from the vehicle. INTRODUCTION Connected and automated vehicles (CAVS) have the potential to improve fuel economy by changing the way vehicles are driven. Fuel economy can be improved through a wide range of technologies, m...
This paper provides fundamentals of how to energy-efficiently pass through signalized intersectio... more This paper provides fundamentals of how to energy-efficiently pass through signalized intersections while avoiding any rear-end collisions with leading vehicles. In our previous works [1, 2], analytical solutions with and without second-order pure state constraints imposed by the preceding vehicle were presented; these showed significant energy saving potential for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) compared to human-driven vehicles. However, these solutions were derived assuming that the desired distance headway policy does not include a speed change over a predictive horizon, and that the preceding vehicle has constant acceleration. We use the desired time headway policy that includes the speed change to define the first-order pure state constraint. We then derive analytical solutions using the direct adjoining method based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle. We also present a novel solver to compute energy-optimal and collision-free state trajectories by accounting for a piec...
2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2020
A speed planner uses available information to enable automated vehicles to “eco-drive,” which inc... more A speed planner uses available information to enable automated vehicles to “eco-drive,” which includes eco-approach and departure at signalized intersections and leads to significant energy savings. Here we summarize the design of a proposed speed planner that generates multiple modes based on its analysis of optimal solutions, and we showcase the role of the parameters in the trajectory generation of each mode in the speed planner. For greater energy savings compared to human-driven vehicles, without sacrificing travel time, we optimally tune parameters through a global optimization method in a high-fidelity simulation framework. Finally, we analyze how the fine-tuning process makes driving more efficient and show its energy impacts.
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