Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment, 2014
To meet the ever increasing demand of drinking water, a number of shallow tube wells are u... more To meet the ever increasing demand of drinking water, a number of shallow tube wells are used to draw the water from upper aquifers of Swan river. In most parts of the river catchment, the current ground water extraction is exceeding the recharge rate causing the rapid depletion of shallow ground water, resulting in serious environmental hazards like land subsidence during the dry season flow and very low dilution levels in the surface water. The water becomes polluted due to domestic and industrial waste water discharges. The present paper aims to study a water quality map of Swan River based on the computations of the National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSFWQI) and the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) using water quality data from July to December 2012. A GIS tool has been used to prepare a water quality map of the study stretch (as a function of distance) along upstream and downstream from the pollution sources. The water quality map can help planners and ...
The paper attempts to evaluate water quality indices (WQI) using water quality parameters like pH... more The paper attempts to evaluate water quality indices (WQI) using water quality parameters like pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Turbidity, Total coli form, Total Phosphorous, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Hardness, Chloride (Cl), Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4) and Fluoride (F) measured at 8 locations on Swan River in HP of India. Water quality index (WQI) was determined using National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSFWQI) and overall index of pollution (OIP) on 100 & 16 point scale to assess the water quality. The observed values of indices are compared with prescribed classes and ratings, which gives an idea about remedial measures to be taken for the abatement of pollution. The results indicated that water quality of Swan river varied from ‘Good to Medium’ by NSFWQI and ‘Acceptable to slightly polluted’ by OIP method. Further the water quality of the river is found to vary between B & C as per DBU Classification of inland surface water (CPCB standards), showing that water is fit for outdoor bathing and for drinking water with conventional treatment. The BOD and DO exceeded permissible limits at most of the locations indicating the deterioration of water quality due to the lack of proper sanitation, discharge of untreated and partially treated waste waters and MSW into river.
Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment, 2014
To meet the ever increasing demand of drinking water, a number of shallow tube wells are u... more To meet the ever increasing demand of drinking water, a number of shallow tube wells are used to draw the water from upper aquifers of Swan river. In most parts of the river catchment, the current ground water extraction is exceeding the recharge rate causing the rapid depletion of shallow ground water, resulting in serious environmental hazards like land subsidence during the dry season flow and very low dilution levels in the surface water. The water becomes polluted due to domestic and industrial waste water discharges. The present paper aims to study a water quality map of Swan River based on the computations of the National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSFWQI) and the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) using water quality data from July to December 2012. A GIS tool has been used to prepare a water quality map of the study stretch (as a function of distance) along upstream and downstream from the pollution sources. The water quality map can help planners and ...
The paper attempts to evaluate water quality indices (WQI) using water quality parameters like pH... more The paper attempts to evaluate water quality indices (WQI) using water quality parameters like pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Turbidity, Total coli form, Total Phosphorous, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Hardness, Chloride (Cl), Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4) and Fluoride (F) measured at 8 locations on Swan River in HP of India. Water quality index (WQI) was determined using National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSFWQI) and overall index of pollution (OIP) on 100 & 16 point scale to assess the water quality. The observed values of indices are compared with prescribed classes and ratings, which gives an idea about remedial measures to be taken for the abatement of pollution. The results indicated that water quality of Swan river varied from ‘Good to Medium’ by NSFWQI and ‘Acceptable to slightly polluted’ by OIP method. Further the water quality of the river is found to vary between B & C as per DBU Classification of inland surface water (CPCB standards), showing that water is fit for outdoor bathing and for drinking water with conventional treatment. The BOD and DO exceeded permissible limits at most of the locations indicating the deterioration of water quality due to the lack of proper sanitation, discharge of untreated and partially treated waste waters and MSW into river.
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