Papers by Arvind Hariharan
Pharmaceutics
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, wit... more Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The treatment for HNSCC has evolved over time, due to which the prognosis has improved drastically. Despite the varied treatment options, major challenges persist. HNSCC chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs are usually administered systemically, which could affect the patient’s quality of life due to the associated side effects. Moreover, the systemic administration of salivary stimulating agents for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia is associated with toxicities. Localized drug delivery systems (LDDS) are gaining importance, as they have the potential to provide non-invasive, patient-friendly alternatives to cancer therapy with reduced dose-limiting toxicities. LDDSs involve directly delivering a drug to the tissue or organ affected by the disease. Some of the common loca...
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Current Osteoporosis Reports, 2021
The craniofacial region hosts a variety of stem cells, all isolated from different sources of bon... more The craniofacial region hosts a variety of stem cells, all isolated from different sources of bone and cartilage. However, despite scientific advancements, their role in tissue development and regeneration is not entirely understood. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in stem cell tracking methods and how these can be advantageously used to understand oro-facial tissue development and regeneration. Stem cell tracking methods have gained importance in recent times, mainly with the introduction of several molecular imaging techniques, like optical imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Labelling of stem cells, assisted by these imaging techniques, has proven to be useful in establishing stem cell lineage for regenerative therapy of the oro-facial tissue complex. Novel labelling methods complementing imaging techniques have been pivotal in understanding craniofacial tissue development and regeneration. These stem cell tracking methods have the potential to facilitate the development of innovative cell-based therapies.
Cancers, 2021
Salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) remain a diagnostic dilemma due to their heterogenic complex behav... more Salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) remain a diagnostic dilemma due to their heterogenic complex behavior. Their diverse histomorphological appearance is attributed to the underlying cellular mechanisms and differentiation into various histopathological subtypes with overlapping fea-tures. Diagnostic tools such as fine needle aspiration biopsy, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography help evaluate the structure and assess the staging of SGN. Advances in molecular pathology have uncovered genetic patterns and oncogenes by immunohistochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and next–generation sequencing, that may potentially contribute to innovating diagnostic approaches in identifying various SGN. Surgical resection is the principal treatment for most SGN. Other modalities such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (agents like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and proteasome inhibitors), and potential hormone ...
Symmetry, 2021
Facial asymmetry refers to the absence of, or the deviation from the regular mirror image of faci... more Facial asymmetry refers to the absence of, or the deviation from the regular mirror image of facial structures, relative to a referenced midline axis. It can be attributed to a wide spectrum of deformities, including congenital, developmental, or acquired conditions, which can originate either prenatally or postnatally. Though highly prevalent, asymmetry commonly goes undiagnosed due to its subtle or relative nature. Among the spectrum of conditions, acquired cases are triggered postnatally, in previously normal individuals, thus subjecting them to sudden, eventful psychological and psychosocial disharmony. When detected early, timely management may help intervene progressive growth of these conditions. This, therefore, emphasizes the need for a thorough diagnostic workup including medical/dental history, clinical examinations, study models, photographic and radiographic records for a case-by-case basis to prevent severe functional and aesthetic complications. Recently, advanced dia...
Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2016
This study compared digital two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomo... more This study compared digital two-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) total and half-skull images for the reliability of cephalometric measurements. (1) To compare the accuracy of cephalometric measurements and reproducibility between the digital and CBCT cephalograms in the Indian population. (2) To compare interobserver variability in landmark identification through their cephalometric measurements by comparing different imaging modalities (CBCT total skull, CBCT half-skull, and conventional lateral cephalogram). (3) To further compare half-skull with the total skull synthesized CBCT and digital cephalograms in the same regard. Thirty patients, who had consented with orthodontic treatment, participated in the study. Informed consent was obtained from the patient before the radiographic procedures. 2D digital lateral cephalograms and their corresponding CBCT scans were taken and imported in DICOM format to OnDemand 3D software. Twenty-three landmarks were identified by 3 observers and 9 linear and 14 angular measurements were digitally traced. The values were sent for statistical analysis using ANOVA to check the interobserver reliability between the imaging modalities. ANOVA, Student's t-test, and post hoc test were used for the statistical analysis. The interobserver reliability was high between the modalities. CBCT total skull received an overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.76. The ICC value for the CBCT half-skull was 0.79 and for the digital cephalograms it was 0.80. The reliability for CBCT total skull was marginally less when compared to the CBCT half-skull and digital cephalograms, but more for the mid-sagittal measurements. Digital cephalograms showed the most variation with measurements of the mandibular plane when compared to CBCT. CBCT has the potential to be used for cephalometrics, especially the half-skull images, but further studies are required to prove whether CBCT total skull images can be used. 2D cephalometry, however, still does remain as the mainstay of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning and cannot be easily replaced by three-dimensional cephalometry.
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Papers by Arvind Hariharan