Papers by Anton Cozijnsen
Immunity, 2019
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Molecular Ecology Notes, Sep 1, 2004
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Fems Microbiology Letters, May 1, 2006
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2017
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Pathogen effectors, molecules that include small secreted proteins such as avirulence proteins, f... more Pathogen effectors, molecules that include small secreted proteins such as avirulence proteins, facilitate infection or induce defence responses by plants. We report the first large scale study of evolutionary processes affecting linked effector-like genes in a fungal plant pathogen. Mutations affecting seven genes and four single copy non-coding regions located in a 520 kb repetitive element-rich region of Leptosphaeria maculans, a pathogen of Brassica napus (canola) are described. Two genes are avirulence genes, AvrLm1 and AvrLm6, which are complementary to B. napus resistance genes, Rlm1 and Rlm6. Analyses of 295 Australian isolates showed that deletions, Repeat-Induced Point (RIP) mutations and/or non-RIP derived amino acid substitutions account for rapid evolution of four small secreted proteins. RIP was confined to three genes and two other single copy regions and appeared to have ‘leaked’ from flanking repetitive sequences. The RIP alleles were monophyletic and present only in isolates collected after 2004, the year when canola cultivars with resistance conferred by Rlm1 suffered severe yield losses. This co-incided with a large increase in the frequency of isolates with virulence alleles of AvrLm1 and AvrLm6, even though the canola cultivars lacked Rlm6. Evolution of these two effectors thus appears to be influenced both by the genomic environment (flanking repetitive elements) and by selection pressure from extensive sowing of crop varieties with resistance genes complementary to the avirulence effector gene.
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Developments in plant pathology, 1993
Of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum a number of avirulence genes and their products... more Of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum a number of avirulence genes and their products have been isolated and characterized. Avirulence genes which encode race-specific elicitors interact with the products of complementary resistance genes in the host plant resulting in a hypersensitive response and other defense responses. Avirulence gene avr9 of C. fulvum is the first fungal avirulence gene that has been cloned. The regulation of this gene has been studied in vitro and in plania. In vitro, the gene is induced under low nitrogen conditions, whereas in planta the gene is highly expressed around the vascular tissue. Avirulent races carrying the avr9 gene become virulent on Cf9 genotypes of tomato after disruption of avr9.
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Genome Biology, Aug 1, 2019
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Mycological research, Jul 1, 2000
ABSTRACT
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BMC Evolutionary Biology, Sep 26, 2007
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Springer eBooks, 1994
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Phytopathology, Jul 1, 2007
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Euphytica, 1994
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Fungal Genetics and Biology, Feb 1, 2009
The plant-pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can detoxify cruciferous phytoalexins such a... more The plant-pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can detoxify cruciferous phytoalexins such as brassinin via glucosylation. Here we describe a multifaceted approach including genome mining, transcriptional induction, phytoalexin quantification, protein expression and enzyme purification that led to identification of a S. sclerotiorum glucosyltransferase that detoxifies brassinin. Transcription of this gene, denoted as brassinin glucosyltransferase 1 (SsBGT1), was induced significantly in response to the cruciferous phytoalexins camalexin, cyclobrassinin, brassilexin, brassinin and 3-phenylindole, a camalexin analogue. This gene was also up-regulated during infection of Brassica napus leaves. Levels of brassinin decreased significantly between 48 and 72h post-inoculation, with a concomitant increase in levels of 1-beta-d-glucopyranosylbrassinin, the product of the reaction catalysed by SsBGT1. These findings strongly implicate the involvement of this gene during infection of B. napus. This gene was cloned and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purified recombinant enzyme was able to glucosylate brassinin and two other phytoalexins, albeit much less effectively. This is the first report of a fungal gene involved in detoxification of plant defence molecules via glucosylation.
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Plant Molecular Biology, Mar 1, 1995
To study the possible involvement of plant hormones in the synthesis of stress proteins in tomato... more To study the possible involvement of plant hormones in the synthesis of stress proteins in tomato upon inoculation with Cladosporium fulvum, we investigated the induction of mRNAs encoding PR proteins and ethylene biosynthesis enzymes by ethephon, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and salicylic acid (SA) by northern blot analysis. Ethephon slightly induced some but not all mRNAs encoding intra- and extracellular PR proteins. INA induced all PR protein mRNAs analysed, except for intracellular chitinase and extracellular PR-4. SA induced all PR protein mRNAs analyzed, except for intracellular chitinase and osmotin. None of the inducers affected the expression of ACC synthase mRNA, whereas all three induced ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) mRNA.
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Nature, 1994
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European Journal of Immunology, 2016
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Vaccine, 2023
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ABSTRACT
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RSC chemical biology, 2022
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European Journal of Immunology, 2020
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Papers by Anton Cozijnsen