Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2015
Objective: The herbal medicines do not have any side effect and it is cost effective and safest m... more Objective: The herbal medicines do not have any side effect and it is cost effective and safest medicine from an ancient periods. Urolithiasis or Lithiasis is a consequence of complex physical processes. The major factors are supersaturation of urine with the offending salt and crystallization. Crystals retained in kidney can become nucleus for stone formation. This process is synonymously known as Urolithiasis or Lithiasis or Nephrolithiasis or Kidney stones or renal calculi. Calcium-containing stones are the most common comprising about 75% of all urinary calculi, which may be in the form of pure calcium oxalate (50%) or calcium phosphate (5%) and a mixture of both (45%). In this study, ethanolic & aqueous extracts of roots and rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig plant were evaluated for their potential to dissolve experimentally prepared kidney stones like calcium oxalate by titrimetic method with an invitro model and Antioxidant activity performed by DPPH scavenging assay...
Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been ... more Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been employed to treat medical conditions since ancient times, and in those times only the observed symptoms were used to determine dose accuracy, dose efficacy, and therapy. Rather than novel formulations, the current research work on plant-based medicines has mostly concentrated on medicinal active phytoconstituents. In the past recent decades, however, researchers have made significant progress in developing “new drug delivery systems” (NDDS) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce unwanted effects of bioactive compounds. Nanocapsules, polymer micelles, liposomes, nanogels, phytosomes, nano-emulsions, transferosomes, microspheres, ethosomes, injectable hydrogels, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and other innovative therapeutic formulations have all been created using bioactive compounds and plant extracts. The novel formulations can improve solubility, therapeutic efficacy, bioavai...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021
Herbs are an effective source of Ayurvedic medicine and other traditional medicines as well as mo... more Herbs are an effective source of Ayurvedic medicine and other traditional medicines as well as modern medicine. Faced with the challenges of modern medicine, the world is shifting toward Ayurvedic theories of health management. In the treatment of the disease, the use of drugs is not limited. This increases the demand for raw materials exponentially. However, production growth is still linear. Rapid depletion of resources creates major problems. To fill the deficit, advances in adulteration and substitution are becoming more prevalent. This adulteration and substitution are a burning problem in an industry that threatens the integrity of Ayurvedic system of medicine. Imprecise knowledge, misidentification, deforestation, and personal gain have led to adulteration. Therefore, an understanding of all ways of adulteration and substitutions is needed to amend this illegal act and maximize consumer safety. This article focuses on adulteration, its types and various methods of adulteratio...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019
Herbal medicines are in nice demand within the developed additionally as developing countries for... more Herbal medicines are in nice demand within the developed additionally as developing countries for primary aid due to their wide biological and medicative activities, higher safety margins, and lesser prices. Lepidium sativum Linn. (Brassicaceae) is annual herb regionally referred to as halon in India, however, usually referred to as garden cress. L. sativum is a fast growing edible plant. Seeds, roots, and leaves of garden cress have economic importance; however, the crop is especially cultivated for seeds. It is a therapeutic vital herb in India. L. sativum has various pharmacological actions such as antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, diuretic activity, hepatoprotective activity, hypoglycemic activity, antiosteoporotic activity, antiasthmatic activity, anti-carcinogenic effect, cardiotonic activity, smooth and skeletal muscles contraction activity, fracture healing property, chemoprotective effects, and hemagglutinating activity. ...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017
Objective: The objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate antimicrobial properties o... more Objective: The objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate antimicrobial properties of 1-(4-methyl-6-nitro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine- 3(4H)-ylidene)hydrazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives.Methods: These new compounds were synthesized by methylation in 4-N and reacted with hydrazine derivatives and oxidized at the sulfur atom by 30% hydrogen peroxide to obtain sulfones. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method.Results: The Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13CNMR, and mass studies confirm the synthesis of some new 1-(4-methyl- 6-nitro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-3(4H)-ylidene)hydrazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives. Compound 6f showed the potent antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: Result obtained in this research work clearly indicated that the compound 6f having methyl at 2 position and nitro groups at 2′ and 4′ position showed the most potent antimicrobial activity.
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxid... more Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, owing to its unsaturated molecular structure. Aquatic plants and animals contain the hydrophobic carotenoid astaxanthin, which is thought to possess a number of advantageous biological traits. However, due to its weak bioavailability and low water solubility, its use as a nutraceutical in food is currently restricted. Cubosomal encapsulation has been considered an effective alternative for improving the bioavailability and solubility of hydrophobic bioactives. The current paper aimed to conquer these issues by encapsulating astaxanthin in lyotropic liquid crystal nano-formulations prepared via the fabrication method. The physicochemical properties of astaxanthin-loaded cubosomes (AST-LC) have also been analyzed, in order to know the morphology of the prepared formulations and their bioavailability in the biological system. The formulation has been tested for particle size...
Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, w... more Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a combination of “cosmetics” and “pharmaceuticals”. “Nutricosmetics” are related dietary supplements or food or beverage products with additives that are marketed as having medical benefits that affect appearance. Cosmetic-containing herbals are topical cosmetic–pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance the health and beauty of the skin. Cosmetic-containing herbals improve appearance by delivering essential nutrients to the skin. Several herbal products, such as cosmetic-containing herbals, are available. The present review highlights the use of natural products in cosmetic-containing herbals, as natural products have many curative effects as well as healing effects on skin and hair growth with minimal to no side effects. A brief...
Objective: Present work is aimed at preparation and characterization of phytosomes, one of the, n... more Objective: Present work is aimed at preparation and characterization of phytosomes, one of the, novel drug delivery dosage form used for improving bioavailability of drug, formed from ethanolic, aqueous, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit. Method: Required phytosomal formulations were developed in the form of different extracts of Citrullus colocynthis fruit from the lecithin and cholesterol, Then characterization involved various parameters, such as: Particle size determination, apparent solubility, entrapment efficiency (EE%), scanning electron microscope (SEM), xrd, FTIR spectroscopy and dissolution study. Result and Conclusion: Particle size varied from 250nm to 0.1μm of different formulations. The mean particle size of phytosome of aqueous extract of CC was scattered in a narrow range of 254±20.0 nm, and polydispersity index was 0.857±0.055, where phytosome of aqueous extract shows better entrapment then other phytosomal formulation. Photom...
A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(4-butanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalco... more A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(4-butanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalcones i.e., 3-aryl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones and studied for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Chalcones 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine yielded the corresponding 1-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles 2 which on further reaction with 4- chlorobutanol furnished the title compounds 3. These compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, IR, mass and 1H NMR spectral data. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined.
Coumarin moieties can be divided into two categories natural or synthetic. It has become a compel... more Coumarin moieties can be divided into two categories natural or synthetic. It has become a compelling subject of research for many investigators due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological potency. Coumarin scaffold has been reported to have inhibitory effect on number of cell lines serving as a pharmacophore of utmost importance for anticancer drug development. Coumarins act on tumour cells through different types of mechanisms and few of them have been reported to possess high selectivity towards the cancer cell lines. In present work, the role of coumarins as potential anticancer drugs has been briefly reviewed which may serves as a magnificent tool for future explorations of design, synthesis and biological studies of these kind of derivatives.
Heterocyclic Chemistry is the backbone of medicinal compounds that exhibits numerous biological a... more Heterocyclic Chemistry is the backbone of medicinal compounds that exhibits numerous biological activities. Pyrazole and its derivatives possess nitrogen atom along with carbon atom as a substitution and show a diversity of biological activities such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifungal, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, analgesic, and monoamine oxidases (MAOs)as shown by pyrazoline prepared from chalcone(Intermediate). The synthesized compounds are checked by the TLC and further analyzed by the IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopy.
Background: Due to newly emerging microbial infections and the development of resistance against ... more Background: Due to newly emerging microbial infections and the development of resistance against cutting-edge therapeutics, innovative and robust medicinal agents are required. Small ring heterocycles, such as pyrazole and its derivatives have been acknowledged to possess myriad biological properties and the presence of pyrazole in clinics like celecoxib, phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), CDPPB (antipsychotic), rimonabant (anti-obesity), antipyrine, difenamizole (analgesic), fipronil (broad-spectrum insecticidal), betazole (H2-receptor agonist) and fezolamide (antidepressant) drugs has proven the pharmacological perspective of pyrazole nucleus. Objectives: The current review paper aimed at a recent update made on novel methodologies adopted in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives with the emphasis on antibacterial (DNA gyrase inhibition) and antifungal activities. Methods: Pyrazole is one of the major tools to be investigated in drug design and discovery. Many studies have been r...
A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(2-ethanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalco... more A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(2-ethanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalcones, that is, 3-aryl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones and studied for theirin vitroantibacterial activity. Chalcones1on reaction with phenyl hydrazine in the presence of acetic acid and few drops of hydrochloric acid yielded the corresponding 1-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles2which on further reaction with 2-chloroethanol furnished the title compounds3. These compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, IR, mass and1H NMR spectral data. All the compounds were evaluated for theirin vitroantibacterial activity against two Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative strains (Escherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa), and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2015
Objective: The herbal medicines do not have any side effect and it is cost effective and safest m... more Objective: The herbal medicines do not have any side effect and it is cost effective and safest medicine from an ancient periods. Urolithiasis or Lithiasis is a consequence of complex physical processes. The major factors are supersaturation of urine with the offending salt and crystallization. Crystals retained in kidney can become nucleus for stone formation. This process is synonymously known as Urolithiasis or Lithiasis or Nephrolithiasis or Kidney stones or renal calculi. Calcium-containing stones are the most common comprising about 75% of all urinary calculi, which may be in the form of pure calcium oxalate (50%) or calcium phosphate (5%) and a mixture of both (45%). In this study, ethanolic & aqueous extracts of roots and rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig plant were evaluated for their potential to dissolve experimentally prepared kidney stones like calcium oxalate by titrimetic method with an invitro model and Antioxidant activity performed by DPPH scavenging assay...
Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been ... more Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been employed to treat medical conditions since ancient times, and in those times only the observed symptoms were used to determine dose accuracy, dose efficacy, and therapy. Rather than novel formulations, the current research work on plant-based medicines has mostly concentrated on medicinal active phytoconstituents. In the past recent decades, however, researchers have made significant progress in developing “new drug delivery systems” (NDDS) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce unwanted effects of bioactive compounds. Nanocapsules, polymer micelles, liposomes, nanogels, phytosomes, nano-emulsions, transferosomes, microspheres, ethosomes, injectable hydrogels, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and other innovative therapeutic formulations have all been created using bioactive compounds and plant extracts. The novel formulations can improve solubility, therapeutic efficacy, bioavai...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021
Herbs are an effective source of Ayurvedic medicine and other traditional medicines as well as mo... more Herbs are an effective source of Ayurvedic medicine and other traditional medicines as well as modern medicine. Faced with the challenges of modern medicine, the world is shifting toward Ayurvedic theories of health management. In the treatment of the disease, the use of drugs is not limited. This increases the demand for raw materials exponentially. However, production growth is still linear. Rapid depletion of resources creates major problems. To fill the deficit, advances in adulteration and substitution are becoming more prevalent. This adulteration and substitution are a burning problem in an industry that threatens the integrity of Ayurvedic system of medicine. Imprecise knowledge, misidentification, deforestation, and personal gain have led to adulteration. Therefore, an understanding of all ways of adulteration and substitutions is needed to amend this illegal act and maximize consumer safety. This article focuses on adulteration, its types and various methods of adulteratio...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2019
Herbal medicines are in nice demand within the developed additionally as developing countries for... more Herbal medicines are in nice demand within the developed additionally as developing countries for primary aid due to their wide biological and medicative activities, higher safety margins, and lesser prices. Lepidium sativum Linn. (Brassicaceae) is annual herb regionally referred to as halon in India, however, usually referred to as garden cress. L. sativum is a fast growing edible plant. Seeds, roots, and leaves of garden cress have economic importance; however, the crop is especially cultivated for seeds. It is a therapeutic vital herb in India. L. sativum has various pharmacological actions such as antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity, diuretic activity, hepatoprotective activity, hypoglycemic activity, antiosteoporotic activity, antiasthmatic activity, anti-carcinogenic effect, cardiotonic activity, smooth and skeletal muscles contraction activity, fracture healing property, chemoprotective effects, and hemagglutinating activity. ...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017
Objective: The objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate antimicrobial properties o... more Objective: The objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate antimicrobial properties of 1-(4-methyl-6-nitro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine- 3(4H)-ylidene)hydrazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives.Methods: These new compounds were synthesized by methylation in 4-N and reacted with hydrazine derivatives and oxidized at the sulfur atom by 30% hydrogen peroxide to obtain sulfones. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method.Results: The Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13CNMR, and mass studies confirm the synthesis of some new 1-(4-methyl- 6-nitro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-3(4H)-ylidene)hydrazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives. Compound 6f showed the potent antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: Result obtained in this research work clearly indicated that the compound 6f having methyl at 2 position and nitro groups at 2′ and 4′ position showed the most potent antimicrobial activity.
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxid... more Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, owing to its unsaturated molecular structure. Aquatic plants and animals contain the hydrophobic carotenoid astaxanthin, which is thought to possess a number of advantageous biological traits. However, due to its weak bioavailability and low water solubility, its use as a nutraceutical in food is currently restricted. Cubosomal encapsulation has been considered an effective alternative for improving the bioavailability and solubility of hydrophobic bioactives. The current paper aimed to conquer these issues by encapsulating astaxanthin in lyotropic liquid crystal nano-formulations prepared via the fabrication method. The physicochemical properties of astaxanthin-loaded cubosomes (AST-LC) have also been analyzed, in order to know the morphology of the prepared formulations and their bioavailability in the biological system. The formulation has been tested for particle size...
Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, w... more Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a combination of “cosmetics” and “pharmaceuticals”. “Nutricosmetics” are related dietary supplements or food or beverage products with additives that are marketed as having medical benefits that affect appearance. Cosmetic-containing herbals are topical cosmetic–pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance the health and beauty of the skin. Cosmetic-containing herbals improve appearance by delivering essential nutrients to the skin. Several herbal products, such as cosmetic-containing herbals, are available. The present review highlights the use of natural products in cosmetic-containing herbals, as natural products have many curative effects as well as healing effects on skin and hair growth with minimal to no side effects. A brief...
Objective: Present work is aimed at preparation and characterization of phytosomes, one of the, n... more Objective: Present work is aimed at preparation and characterization of phytosomes, one of the, novel drug delivery dosage form used for improving bioavailability of drug, formed from ethanolic, aqueous, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit. Method: Required phytosomal formulations were developed in the form of different extracts of Citrullus colocynthis fruit from the lecithin and cholesterol, Then characterization involved various parameters, such as: Particle size determination, apparent solubility, entrapment efficiency (EE%), scanning electron microscope (SEM), xrd, FTIR spectroscopy and dissolution study. Result and Conclusion: Particle size varied from 250nm to 0.1μm of different formulations. The mean particle size of phytosome of aqueous extract of CC was scattered in a narrow range of 254±20.0 nm, and polydispersity index was 0.857±0.055, where phytosome of aqueous extract shows better entrapment then other phytosomal formulation. Photom...
A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(4-butanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalco... more A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(4-butanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalcones i.e., 3-aryl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones and studied for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Chalcones 1 on reaction with phenyl hydrazine yielded the corresponding 1-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles 2 which on further reaction with 4- chlorobutanol furnished the title compounds 3. These compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, IR, mass and 1H NMR spectral data. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against two Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined.
Coumarin moieties can be divided into two categories natural or synthetic. It has become a compel... more Coumarin moieties can be divided into two categories natural or synthetic. It has become a compelling subject of research for many investigators due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological potency. Coumarin scaffold has been reported to have inhibitory effect on number of cell lines serving as a pharmacophore of utmost importance for anticancer drug development. Coumarins act on tumour cells through different types of mechanisms and few of them have been reported to possess high selectivity towards the cancer cell lines. In present work, the role of coumarins as potential anticancer drugs has been briefly reviewed which may serves as a magnificent tool for future explorations of design, synthesis and biological studies of these kind of derivatives.
Heterocyclic Chemistry is the backbone of medicinal compounds that exhibits numerous biological a... more Heterocyclic Chemistry is the backbone of medicinal compounds that exhibits numerous biological activities. Pyrazole and its derivatives possess nitrogen atom along with carbon atom as a substitution and show a diversity of biological activities such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifungal, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, analgesic, and monoamine oxidases (MAOs)as shown by pyrazoline prepared from chalcone(Intermediate). The synthesized compounds are checked by the TLC and further analyzed by the IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopy.
Background: Due to newly emerging microbial infections and the development of resistance against ... more Background: Due to newly emerging microbial infections and the development of resistance against cutting-edge therapeutics, innovative and robust medicinal agents are required. Small ring heterocycles, such as pyrazole and its derivatives have been acknowledged to possess myriad biological properties and the presence of pyrazole in clinics like celecoxib, phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), CDPPB (antipsychotic), rimonabant (anti-obesity), antipyrine, difenamizole (analgesic), fipronil (broad-spectrum insecticidal), betazole (H2-receptor agonist) and fezolamide (antidepressant) drugs has proven the pharmacological perspective of pyrazole nucleus. Objectives: The current review paper aimed at a recent update made on novel methodologies adopted in the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives with the emphasis on antibacterial (DNA gyrase inhibition) and antifungal activities. Methods: Pyrazole is one of the major tools to be investigated in drug design and discovery. Many studies have been r...
A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(2-ethanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalco... more A series of 1-phenyl-3-(4-(2-ethanoloxy) phenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from chalcones, that is, 3-aryl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-ones and studied for theirin vitroantibacterial activity. Chalcones1on reaction with phenyl hydrazine in the presence of acetic acid and few drops of hydrochloric acid yielded the corresponding 1-phenyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-1H-pyrazoles2which on further reaction with 2-chloroethanol furnished the title compounds3. These compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, IR, mass and1H NMR spectral data. All the compounds were evaluated for theirin vitroantibacterial activity against two Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative strains (Escherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa), and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined.
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