The design of sustainable cities and buildings needs to include thoughts on circumstances influen... more The design of sustainable cities and buildings needs to include thoughts on circumstances influencing human satisfaction be it for thermal, visual, or other dimensions of human perception. While human satisfaction should be regarded as a dimension of sustainability alone, the provision of thermal and visual satisfaction is also a key driving force for energy use in buildings. Research on human perception of the built environment and their interactions with it has a long tradition. At the same time, open research questions especially with respect to the interaction between different dimensions of human perception, e.g. the effect of thermal stimuli on visual perception, are part of the current debate within the research community. In contrast, the amount of scientific knowledge related to human satisfaction transferred to architectural students is low and consequences of their decisions during design studio works for the later occupants are seldom addressed. This paper describes the ...
The two-day international conference "Climate and Constructions" covered the topics &qu... more The two-day international conference "Climate and Constructions" covered the topics "Building Science", "Construction Chemistry", "Urban Climate" and "Materials Technology and Construction Techniques". Beside invited lectures and a workshop part about the interactions between climate and the construction sector, there was an open call to submit abstracts. The abstracts were assessed by an international advisory board.
Mosques are quite different from other building types in terms of occupant type and usage schedul... more Mosques are quite different from other building types in terms of occupant type and usage schedule. For this reason, they should be evaluated differently from other building types in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption. It is difficult and probably not even necessary to create homogeneous thermal comfort in mosques’ entire usage area, which has large volumes and various areas for different activities. Nevertheless, energy consumption should be at a minimum level. In order to ensure that mosques are minimally affected by outdoor climatic changes, the improvement of the properties of the building envelope should have the highest priority. These optimal properties of the building envelope have to be in line with thermal comfort in mosques. The proposed method will be a guide for designers and occupants in the design process of new mosques or the use of existing mosques. The effect of the thermal properties of the building envelope on energy consumption was investigated to e...
Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de transformação de edifícios de escritório b... more Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de transformação de edifícios de escritório brasileiros em edifícios energia zero (EEZ) em diferentes climas. O estudo foi baseado em simulações computacionais, e o desenvolvimento do modelo foi dividido em três etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na avaliação do caso protótipo (edifício referencial), que representa uma tipologia de edifícios de escritórios no Brasil. A segunda etapa consistiu no desenvolvimento do caso otimizado (edifício com baixo consumo de energia) de acordo com o regulamento de eficiência energética brasileiro. O comportamento dos dois casos foi determinado e comparado com o cálculo do balanço térmico e energético do edifício. Finalmente, o caso energia zero foi obtido por meio da aplicação de tecnologias solares (BIPV) na edificação. As simulações computacionais foram realizadas através dos programas EnergyPlus e Daysim para Fortaleza, CE, e Florianópolis, SC, cidades localizadas em diferentes zonas climáticas...
The paper describes the main features of the new simulation environment ColSim (15) and a special... more The paper describes the main features of the new simulation environment ColSim (15) and a special application for investigating ventilation strategies in buildings. ColSim was developed with the inten- tion of simulating and testing complex control strategies in different HVAC and thermal solar systems, coupled to a building model. It is based on a modular structure and a modified Euler algorithm was chosen for the numerical integration of the nonlinear differential equations. In contrast to existing programs, time steps ranging down to one second are used in order to receive an accurate response of the dynamic systems. An energy and mass flow balance is automatically executed within every time step. Current activities focus on the development of controllers to drive pumps and fans in various applications. All control routines and models within ColSim are implemented in ANSI-C code and can be operated on LINUX/UNIX platforms as well as in embedded system controllers. Different publi...
Schwerpunkt: Energetische Sanierung von Gebäuden, 2011
Die Energie-Zielwerte fur Demonstrationsvorhaben aus dem BMWi-Forderkonzept EnOB, Forschung fur E... more Die Energie-Zielwerte fur Demonstrationsvorhaben aus dem BMWi-Forderkonzept EnOB, Forschung fur Energie optimiertes Bauen, unterschreiten die Primarenergie-Anforderungen fur Nichtwohngebaude im Neubaubereich (EnBAU) und fur Sanierungen im Gebaudebestand (EnSan) um mindestens 50%. Diese Anforderungen stehen seit dem Inkrafttreten der EnEV 2007 in Verbindung mit dem Nachweisverfahren der DIN V 18599, das den Nutz-/ End- und Primarenergieaufwand fur Heizung, Kuhlung, Luftung, Trinkwarmwasser und Beleuchtung mitberucksichtigt. Im Rahmen der EnOB-Begleitforschung unter Beteiligung der Universitat Wuppertal, Universitat Dresden und dem Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie (KIT) wurden dazu 8 Demoprojekte aus den Forschungsfeldern EnSan (5) und EnBau (3) mit der Software EnEV+, Version 2.4.4 der ennovatis GmbH berechnet (Ausnahme: Das Projekt Stadtbibliothek Nurnberg wurde extern mit der Software 5S AG berechnet).
Low-temperature radiant heating systems can be considered as suitable candidates for the refurbis... more Low-temperature radiant heating systems can be considered as suitable candidates for the refurbishment of old heating systems. These systems are proven to save energy, however, their drawback is their impact on the creation of radiant temperature asymmetry and local thermal discomfort, especially in old buildings where the temperatures of surfaces (for example external walls with a low level of insulation and large windows) are low. This study aims to evaluate the potential application of low-temperature radiant ceiling heating systems (28–38 °C) in old and energy-renovated buildings, based on subjective experiments and thermal comfort criteria such as thermal sensation, comfort, satisfaction, and sensation asymmetry votes. Later, in the Discussion section, the guideline for the radiant temperature asymmetry for the warm ceiling presented in ASHRAE Standard-55 is corrected for relatively low air temperatures and different surface temperatures corresponding to “about neutral” conditi...
Resumo Este trabalho desenvolveu uma metodologia para avaliar a influência do contexto urbano na ... more Resumo Este trabalho desenvolveu uma metodologia para avaliar a influência do contexto urbano na radiação solar para geração de energia com uso de módulos fotovoltaicos na envoltória de edifícios verticais. A metodologia foi baseada em simulações computacionais pelos programas Diva-for-Rhino e EnergyPlus. Duas cidades brasileiras com diferentes tipos de clima foram selecionadas para o estudo: Florianópolis e Fortaleza. Foram definidos diferentes contextos urbanos considerando edifícios com alturas iguais (Elevação Uniforme) e alturas variadas (Elevação Aleatória). Através da análise de radiação solar na superfície para aplicação dos módulos fotovoltaicos analisou-se a influência do sombreamento do entorno na geração de energia de diferentes tipos de edifícios de escritório. Na sequência, foram desenvolvidas estratégias para a aplicação dos módulos fotovoltaicos na envoltória através da análise detalhada da radiação solar disponível. Os resultados mostraram que o contexto uniforme é ...
ABSTRACT Ventilation, cooling and air-conditioning contribute significantly to the energy consump... more ABSTRACT Ventilation, cooling and air-conditioning contribute significantly to the energy consumption of many existing office buildings, particularly when primary energy factors are taken into account. “Lean” building concepts however can diminish this energy consumption by natural ventilation and passive cooling strategies. Compared to fully air-conditioned buildings the resulting indoor temperatures float in a broader band during summer and might exceed the boundaries for thermal comfort for short periods. This paper presents the monitoring results of a naturally ventilated and passively cooled bank building in Germany and shows that, even during the very hot summer of 2003, the indoor climate could be held in an acceptable range by only passive means if the rooms were operated properly. The air quality was shown to be high with natural ventilation. Investigations on the night ventilation strategy revealed an incorrect implementation of design parameters in the building management system. Further optimization potential for nocturnal airflow was found by simulations based on recorded data. The low total primary energy consumption for heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting of 115 kWh m-2a-1 confirmed an excellent performance of the building. Monitoring proved to be a necessary and efficient way to optimize the building' operation.
The design of sustainable cities and buildings needs to include thoughts on circumstances influen... more The design of sustainable cities and buildings needs to include thoughts on circumstances influencing human satisfaction be it for thermal, visual, or other dimensions of human perception. While human satisfaction should be regarded as a dimension of sustainability alone, the provision of thermal and visual satisfaction is also a key driving force for energy use in buildings. Research on human perception of the built environment and their interactions with it has a long tradition. At the same time, open research questions especially with respect to the interaction between different dimensions of human perception, e.g. the effect of thermal stimuli on visual perception, are part of the current debate within the research community. In contrast, the amount of scientific knowledge related to human satisfaction transferred to architectural students is low and consequences of their decisions during design studio works for the later occupants are seldom addressed. This paper describes the ...
The two-day international conference "Climate and Constructions" covered the topics &qu... more The two-day international conference "Climate and Constructions" covered the topics "Building Science", "Construction Chemistry", "Urban Climate" and "Materials Technology and Construction Techniques". Beside invited lectures and a workshop part about the interactions between climate and the construction sector, there was an open call to submit abstracts. The abstracts were assessed by an international advisory board.
Mosques are quite different from other building types in terms of occupant type and usage schedul... more Mosques are quite different from other building types in terms of occupant type and usage schedule. For this reason, they should be evaluated differently from other building types in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption. It is difficult and probably not even necessary to create homogeneous thermal comfort in mosques’ entire usage area, which has large volumes and various areas for different activities. Nevertheless, energy consumption should be at a minimum level. In order to ensure that mosques are minimally affected by outdoor climatic changes, the improvement of the properties of the building envelope should have the highest priority. These optimal properties of the building envelope have to be in line with thermal comfort in mosques. The proposed method will be a guide for designers and occupants in the design process of new mosques or the use of existing mosques. The effect of the thermal properties of the building envelope on energy consumption was investigated to e...
Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de transformação de edifícios de escritório b... more Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de transformação de edifícios de escritório brasileiros em edifícios energia zero (EEZ) em diferentes climas. O estudo foi baseado em simulações computacionais, e o desenvolvimento do modelo foi dividido em três etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na avaliação do caso protótipo (edifício referencial), que representa uma tipologia de edifícios de escritórios no Brasil. A segunda etapa consistiu no desenvolvimento do caso otimizado (edifício com baixo consumo de energia) de acordo com o regulamento de eficiência energética brasileiro. O comportamento dos dois casos foi determinado e comparado com o cálculo do balanço térmico e energético do edifício. Finalmente, o caso energia zero foi obtido por meio da aplicação de tecnologias solares (BIPV) na edificação. As simulações computacionais foram realizadas através dos programas EnergyPlus e Daysim para Fortaleza, CE, e Florianópolis, SC, cidades localizadas em diferentes zonas climáticas...
The paper describes the main features of the new simulation environment ColSim (15) and a special... more The paper describes the main features of the new simulation environment ColSim (15) and a special application for investigating ventilation strategies in buildings. ColSim was developed with the inten- tion of simulating and testing complex control strategies in different HVAC and thermal solar systems, coupled to a building model. It is based on a modular structure and a modified Euler algorithm was chosen for the numerical integration of the nonlinear differential equations. In contrast to existing programs, time steps ranging down to one second are used in order to receive an accurate response of the dynamic systems. An energy and mass flow balance is automatically executed within every time step. Current activities focus on the development of controllers to drive pumps and fans in various applications. All control routines and models within ColSim are implemented in ANSI-C code and can be operated on LINUX/UNIX platforms as well as in embedded system controllers. Different publi...
Schwerpunkt: Energetische Sanierung von Gebäuden, 2011
Die Energie-Zielwerte fur Demonstrationsvorhaben aus dem BMWi-Forderkonzept EnOB, Forschung fur E... more Die Energie-Zielwerte fur Demonstrationsvorhaben aus dem BMWi-Forderkonzept EnOB, Forschung fur Energie optimiertes Bauen, unterschreiten die Primarenergie-Anforderungen fur Nichtwohngebaude im Neubaubereich (EnBAU) und fur Sanierungen im Gebaudebestand (EnSan) um mindestens 50%. Diese Anforderungen stehen seit dem Inkrafttreten der EnEV 2007 in Verbindung mit dem Nachweisverfahren der DIN V 18599, das den Nutz-/ End- und Primarenergieaufwand fur Heizung, Kuhlung, Luftung, Trinkwarmwasser und Beleuchtung mitberucksichtigt. Im Rahmen der EnOB-Begleitforschung unter Beteiligung der Universitat Wuppertal, Universitat Dresden und dem Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie (KIT) wurden dazu 8 Demoprojekte aus den Forschungsfeldern EnSan (5) und EnBau (3) mit der Software EnEV+, Version 2.4.4 der ennovatis GmbH berechnet (Ausnahme: Das Projekt Stadtbibliothek Nurnberg wurde extern mit der Software 5S AG berechnet).
Low-temperature radiant heating systems can be considered as suitable candidates for the refurbis... more Low-temperature radiant heating systems can be considered as suitable candidates for the refurbishment of old heating systems. These systems are proven to save energy, however, their drawback is their impact on the creation of radiant temperature asymmetry and local thermal discomfort, especially in old buildings where the temperatures of surfaces (for example external walls with a low level of insulation and large windows) are low. This study aims to evaluate the potential application of low-temperature radiant ceiling heating systems (28–38 °C) in old and energy-renovated buildings, based on subjective experiments and thermal comfort criteria such as thermal sensation, comfort, satisfaction, and sensation asymmetry votes. Later, in the Discussion section, the guideline for the radiant temperature asymmetry for the warm ceiling presented in ASHRAE Standard-55 is corrected for relatively low air temperatures and different surface temperatures corresponding to “about neutral” conditi...
Resumo Este trabalho desenvolveu uma metodologia para avaliar a influência do contexto urbano na ... more Resumo Este trabalho desenvolveu uma metodologia para avaliar a influência do contexto urbano na radiação solar para geração de energia com uso de módulos fotovoltaicos na envoltória de edifícios verticais. A metodologia foi baseada em simulações computacionais pelos programas Diva-for-Rhino e EnergyPlus. Duas cidades brasileiras com diferentes tipos de clima foram selecionadas para o estudo: Florianópolis e Fortaleza. Foram definidos diferentes contextos urbanos considerando edifícios com alturas iguais (Elevação Uniforme) e alturas variadas (Elevação Aleatória). Através da análise de radiação solar na superfície para aplicação dos módulos fotovoltaicos analisou-se a influência do sombreamento do entorno na geração de energia de diferentes tipos de edifícios de escritório. Na sequência, foram desenvolvidas estratégias para a aplicação dos módulos fotovoltaicos na envoltória através da análise detalhada da radiação solar disponível. Os resultados mostraram que o contexto uniforme é ...
ABSTRACT Ventilation, cooling and air-conditioning contribute significantly to the energy consump... more ABSTRACT Ventilation, cooling and air-conditioning contribute significantly to the energy consumption of many existing office buildings, particularly when primary energy factors are taken into account. “Lean” building concepts however can diminish this energy consumption by natural ventilation and passive cooling strategies. Compared to fully air-conditioned buildings the resulting indoor temperatures float in a broader band during summer and might exceed the boundaries for thermal comfort for short periods. This paper presents the monitoring results of a naturally ventilated and passively cooled bank building in Germany and shows that, even during the very hot summer of 2003, the indoor climate could be held in an acceptable range by only passive means if the rooms were operated properly. The air quality was shown to be high with natural ventilation. Investigations on the night ventilation strategy revealed an incorrect implementation of design parameters in the building management system. Further optimization potential for nocturnal airflow was found by simulations based on recorded data. The low total primary energy consumption for heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting of 115 kWh m-2a-1 confirmed an excellent performance of the building. Monitoring proved to be a necessary and efficient way to optimize the building' operation.
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Papers by Andreas Wagner