Today, it is well recognized that expansion of trade service activities by banks and financial in... more Today, it is well recognized that expansion of trade service activities by banks and financial institutions is connected with the expansion of cross-border trade flows and both developed and developing countries have been playing increasingly prominent role. Trade is an important driver of development however, to be effective, the challenges associated with the trade facilitation must be handled efficiently. With the growing business complexities and financial crimes, trade services are becoming increasingly challenging to the banks and financial institutions of Bangladesh, as in the other trading countries of the globe. Though trade finance is seen as a relatively safe and liquid asset, with low default rates, however, it is self-liquidating and short-term in nature; banks can run down their trade finance portfolios quickly in the time of financial stress. All these challenges can offer invaluable lessons to the trade service providers of Bangladesh. The paper targets to examine the trade services or facilitation trends and challenges with special reference to Bangladesh. The paper identified LC as the key trade service tool; and certain irregularities and compliance as the key challenges of the country.
The objective of this study is to understand why parents in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan, choo... more The objective of this study is to understand why parents in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan, choose to send their children to private schools when free public schools are available. The study utilizes the Privatization in Education Research Initiative (PERI) school choice dataset compiled by the Lahore School of Economics in collaboration with the Punjab Bureau of Statistics. These data provide rich information on parents’ perception of their child’s school relative to alternative schools he or she could have attended. The findings suggest that parents’ perceptions play an important role in school choice. In particular, their perceptions of school quality and employment opportunities emerge as key determinants of private school choice. Additionally, expenditure on and access to private schooling relative to public schooling as well as the socioeconomic status of the household have a significant impact on parents’ probability of choosing a private school for their child.
To evaluate the association between soft tissue at the chin (STC) thickness and mandibular diverg... more To evaluate the association between soft tissue at the chin (STC) thickness and mandibular divergence. Nongrowing patients seeking orthodontic treatment (n  =  190; 113 women and 77 men), who had an average age of 26.94 years (range  =  18.10-53.50 years), were stratified in four subgroups based on cephalometric mandibular plane inclination to anterior cranial base (MP/SN): low  =  MP/SN ≤ 27° (n  =  48); medium-low  =  27° < MP/SN ≤ 32° (n  =  60); medium-high  =  32° < MP/SN < 37° (n  =  37); and high  =  MP/SN ≥ 37° (n  =  45). The STC thicknesses were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me). Group differences were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test. The Pearson product moment correlation gauged associations between parameters. The STC values were greater in men than women (P < .02) and were smaller in the high group (7.47 ± 2.42 mm) than in all other groups at Gn (mean values  =  9.00 mm < STC < 9.58 mm; P &l...
Objectives: To determine the association between the stability of orthodontic mini-screws with di... more Objectives: To determine the association between the stability of orthodontic mini-screws with different experience levels of residency training of students. Materials and methods: A total of 240 mini-screws with a diameter of 1.3 mm, and a length of 7 mm were inserted by orthodontic residents in the first, second, third, and fourth years. Stability was assessed after one month of application of orthodontic load. Chi-square tests were used to analyze data. P value ?.05 was considered significant. Â Results: Out of 240 implants, 172 were found to be stable and 68 were unstable after one month among different resident levels. There was a significant association between the stability of mini-screws and different experience levels of postgraduate residents. For first-year residents, stability was 53.8%, for second-year residents 27.3%, for the third year 93.3%, and the fourth year 90.5%. The association between the placement site of mini-screws and different levels of postgraduate resid...
Objective: To determine the motives and attitude of newly admitted first year dental students tow... more Objective: To determine the motives and attitude of newly admitted first year dental students towards dentistry as a profession at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with questionnaire consisting of 12 questions regarding decision making for choosing dentistry as a profession, motives and attitude were given to newly admitted 50 students of first year at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. The study was done at the start of session 2020-2021. The data collected was statistically analyzed using Microsoft word 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22.0 Results: Most of the students were internally motivated for selecting dentistry as a profession, 60% of the students didn’t have any relatives in dentistry, 30% thought that it is an honorable profession, 30% thought that it is a financially good profession and 35% selected dentistry because of independent practice Conclusion: Independent practice, financially good profession, honor in ...
Introduction: Dental crowding, its etiology as well as its effects have intrigued Orthodontists s... more Introduction: Dental crowding, its etiology as well as its effects have intrigued Orthodontists since the beginning of the specialty. This has been owed to various factors, size of teeth being one of these. Hence the aim of this study was to compare the size of teeth in crowded and non-crowded dentitions in Peshawar population to ascertain its role in the etiology of malocclusion. Material and Method: Twenty-six crowded and non crowded casts respectively (total 52) were measured for maximum mesiodistal width from right permanent first molar to the contra lateral with digital caliper. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Student t tests were used to compare mesiodistal width between two groups. Inter-observer reliability was determined using Bland-Altman plot. Data normality was determined by drawing P-P plot. Results: Inter-observer reliability was very high and data was normally distributed. In mandibular arch for both genders, central and lateral incisors were larger in the...
American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2014
Physiological calcium (Ca2+) signals within the pancreatic acinar cell regulate enzyme secretion,... more Physiological calcium (Ca2+) signals within the pancreatic acinar cell regulate enzyme secretion, whereas aberrant Ca2+signals are associated with acinar cell injury. We have previously identified the ryanodine receptor (RyR), a Ca2+release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, as a modulator of these pathological signals. In the present study, we establish that the RyR is expressed in human acinar cells and mediates acinar cell injury. We obtained pancreatic tissue from cadaveric donors and identified isoforms of RyR1 and RyR2 by qPCR. Immunofluorescence staining of the pancreas showed that the RyR is localized to the basal region of the acinar cell. Furthermore, the presence of RyR was confirmed from isolated human acinar cells by tritiated ryanodine binding. To determine whether the RyR is functionally active, mouse or human acinar cells were loaded with the high-affinity Ca2+dye (Fluo-4 AM) and stimulated with taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS) (500 μM) or carbachol (1 mM). ...
Today, it is well recognized that expansion of trade service activities by banks and financial in... more Today, it is well recognized that expansion of trade service activities by banks and financial institutions is connected with the expansion of cross-border trade flows and both developed and developing countries have been playing increasingly prominent role. Trade is an important driver of development however, to be effective, the challenges associated with the trade facilitation must be handled efficiently. With the growing business complexities and financial crimes, trade services are becoming increasingly challenging to the banks and financial institutions of Bangladesh, as in the other trading countries of the globe. Though trade finance is seen as a relatively safe and liquid asset, with low default rates, however, it is self-liquidating and short-term in nature; banks can run down their trade finance portfolios quickly in the time of financial stress. All these challenges can offer invaluable lessons to the trade service providers of Bangladesh. The paper targets to examine the trade services or facilitation trends and challenges with special reference to Bangladesh. The paper identified LC as the key trade service tool; and certain irregularities and compliance as the key challenges of the country.
The objective of this study is to understand why parents in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan, choo... more The objective of this study is to understand why parents in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan, choose to send their children to private schools when free public schools are available. The study utilizes the Privatization in Education Research Initiative (PERI) school choice dataset compiled by the Lahore School of Economics in collaboration with the Punjab Bureau of Statistics. These data provide rich information on parents’ perception of their child’s school relative to alternative schools he or she could have attended. The findings suggest that parents’ perceptions play an important role in school choice. In particular, their perceptions of school quality and employment opportunities emerge as key determinants of private school choice. Additionally, expenditure on and access to private schooling relative to public schooling as well as the socioeconomic status of the household have a significant impact on parents’ probability of choosing a private school for their child.
To evaluate the association between soft tissue at the chin (STC) thickness and mandibular diverg... more To evaluate the association between soft tissue at the chin (STC) thickness and mandibular divergence. Nongrowing patients seeking orthodontic treatment (n  =  190; 113 women and 77 men), who had an average age of 26.94 years (range  =  18.10-53.50 years), were stratified in four subgroups based on cephalometric mandibular plane inclination to anterior cranial base (MP/SN): low  =  MP/SN ≤ 27° (n  =  48); medium-low  =  27° < MP/SN ≤ 32° (n  =  60); medium-high  =  32° < MP/SN < 37° (n  =  37); and high  =  MP/SN ≥ 37° (n  =  45). The STC thicknesses were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me). Group differences were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test. The Pearson product moment correlation gauged associations between parameters. The STC values were greater in men than women (P < .02) and were smaller in the high group (7.47 ± 2.42 mm) than in all other groups at Gn (mean values  =  9.00 mm < STC < 9.58 mm; P &l...
Objectives: To determine the association between the stability of orthodontic mini-screws with di... more Objectives: To determine the association between the stability of orthodontic mini-screws with different experience levels of residency training of students. Materials and methods: A total of 240 mini-screws with a diameter of 1.3 mm, and a length of 7 mm were inserted by orthodontic residents in the first, second, third, and fourth years. Stability was assessed after one month of application of orthodontic load. Chi-square tests were used to analyze data. P value ?.05 was considered significant. Â Results: Out of 240 implants, 172 were found to be stable and 68 were unstable after one month among different resident levels. There was a significant association between the stability of mini-screws and different experience levels of postgraduate residents. For first-year residents, stability was 53.8%, for second-year residents 27.3%, for the third year 93.3%, and the fourth year 90.5%. The association between the placement site of mini-screws and different levels of postgraduate resid...
Objective: To determine the motives and attitude of newly admitted first year dental students tow... more Objective: To determine the motives and attitude of newly admitted first year dental students towards dentistry as a profession at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with questionnaire consisting of 12 questions regarding decision making for choosing dentistry as a profession, motives and attitude were given to newly admitted 50 students of first year at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. The study was done at the start of session 2020-2021. The data collected was statistically analyzed using Microsoft word 2016 and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22.0 Results: Most of the students were internally motivated for selecting dentistry as a profession, 60% of the students didn’t have any relatives in dentistry, 30% thought that it is an honorable profession, 30% thought that it is a financially good profession and 35% selected dentistry because of independent practice Conclusion: Independent practice, financially good profession, honor in ...
Introduction: Dental crowding, its etiology as well as its effects have intrigued Orthodontists s... more Introduction: Dental crowding, its etiology as well as its effects have intrigued Orthodontists since the beginning of the specialty. This has been owed to various factors, size of teeth being one of these. Hence the aim of this study was to compare the size of teeth in crowded and non-crowded dentitions in Peshawar population to ascertain its role in the etiology of malocclusion. Material and Method: Twenty-six crowded and non crowded casts respectively (total 52) were measured for maximum mesiodistal width from right permanent first molar to the contra lateral with digital caliper. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Student t tests were used to compare mesiodistal width between two groups. Inter-observer reliability was determined using Bland-Altman plot. Data normality was determined by drawing P-P plot. Results: Inter-observer reliability was very high and data was normally distributed. In mandibular arch for both genders, central and lateral incisors were larger in the...
American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2014
Physiological calcium (Ca2+) signals within the pancreatic acinar cell regulate enzyme secretion,... more Physiological calcium (Ca2+) signals within the pancreatic acinar cell regulate enzyme secretion, whereas aberrant Ca2+signals are associated with acinar cell injury. We have previously identified the ryanodine receptor (RyR), a Ca2+release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, as a modulator of these pathological signals. In the present study, we establish that the RyR is expressed in human acinar cells and mediates acinar cell injury. We obtained pancreatic tissue from cadaveric donors and identified isoforms of RyR1 and RyR2 by qPCR. Immunofluorescence staining of the pancreas showed that the RyR is localized to the basal region of the acinar cell. Furthermore, the presence of RyR was confirmed from isolated human acinar cells by tritiated ryanodine binding. To determine whether the RyR is functionally active, mouse or human acinar cells were loaded with the high-affinity Ca2+dye (Fluo-4 AM) and stimulated with taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS) (500 μM) or carbachol (1 mM). ...
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