The Red Sea is one of the key areas of biodiversity in the world. It is a hotspot for speciation ... more The Red Sea is one of the key areas of biodiversity in the world. It is a hotspot for speciation and biological invasions. In the current work, a pilot, random sampling trial was carried out to characterize some species in the landings reaching the fish market in Suez city, which is one of the largest fish markets in the Northern Red Sea. Samples of different fish species were subjected to the standard procedures of DNA barcoding, applying the sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (COI). DNA barcoding could successfully identify all the targeted fishes to the species-level (>98%). The results exhibited a taxonomically-versatile commercial trends in this market, being the collected species belonging to 7 different fish families and 3 orders. These species were Coris aygula, Papilloculiceps longiceps, Priacanthus sagittarious, Gerres longirostris, Alepes djedaba, Psettodes erumei Cheilinus trilobatus, Calotomus viridescens, and Pardachirus marmoratus. Ha...
The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, em... more The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, embracing a goal to eliminate hepatitis infection as a public health threat by 2030. This was followed by the World Health Organization's (WHO) global targets for the care and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. These announcements and targets were important in raising awareness and calling for action; however, tracking countries’ progress towards these elimination goals has provided insights to the limitations of these targets. The existing targets compare a country's progress relative to its 2015 values, penalizing countries who started their programmes prior to 2015, countries with a young population, or countries with a low prevalence. We recommend that (1) WHO simplify the hepatitis elimination targets, (2) change to absolute targets and (3) allow countries to achieve these disease targets with their own service coverage initiatives th...
... 4-7). The portion of females in Stages I and 2 was low for all months analysed, indicating th... more ... 4-7). The portion of females in Stages I and 2 was low for all months analysed, indicating that only a few large round herring are inactive ... The peak of the spawning season seems to lie in winter, an observation also made by Shelton (1986) on the basis of the abun-dance of ...
This work highlights the role of otolithic morphometrics, shape indices and ultrastructure in the... more This work highlights the role of otolithic morphometrics, shape indices and ultrastructure in the identification of three Mullidae species from the Red Sea. Differences in otolithic measurements were detectable in all three goatfish species. The statistical analysis of otolithic morphometric parameters showed that otolithic measurements are good indicators of fish size. The mean values of the six examined shape indices of the otholiths were considerably different among the three species, and the high degree of differentiation of these indices among species makes them useful for other researchers who wish to use otoliths in fish identification and classification. Remarkable variations in the morphological characteristics of fish otoliths were recorded among the studied species via scanning electron microscopy, including variations in the ornamentation of the ostium, cauda, and column of the otolith. These differences in otolithic characteristics and morphology might be useful for fish...
Otolith shape and morphology are used to identify fish species and population stocks. The aim of ... more Otolith shape and morphology are used to identify fish species and population stocks. The aim of this study was to distinguish the Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede, 1802) and L. microdon (Valenciennes, 1830) (family: Lethrinidae) using otolith shape. The analyses apply the ShapeR package in R which enables to extract the outline and otolith morphology from images and for statistical examining of individual variation. Otoliths of 165 individuals from the two Lethrinus species were collected during 2019 and 2020. The wavelet levels were examined by using 6 wavelets to collect 63 coefficients. The regression between width and fish length were b = -0.03 (t = 2.6, P = 0.01) for L. lentjan and was significantly different (t = 2.120, P = 0.036) for L. microdon (b = 0.018).
In the present study, the relationships between sagittal otoliths (otolith length (OL), height (O... more In the present study, the relationships between sagittal otoliths (otolith length (OL), height (OH) and weight (OW)), fish size (fish length (TL) and weight (W)) in brown comber (Serranus hepatus, Linnaeus, 1758) were analysed. Fish specimens (N=504, 41–133 mm in TL and 1.05–31.98 g) were captured by bottom trawl vessels from off the Güllük Bay (Southern Aegean Sea) between January and December 2013. Left otolith pairs were used for calculations since there was no statistical differences between left and right otoliths (P>0.05). Regression formulas were used as follows: TL= 16.94*OL+10.14, TL= 26.77*OH+24.88, TL= 375.7*OW0.315, W= 0.251*OL2.431, W= 2.009*OH1.917, W= 854.0*OW+1.552, OH= 0.600*OL–0.394, OW= 0.00025*OL2.555 and OW= 0.001*OH2.007. Calculated regressions were revealed a high coefficient of determinations ranging from 0.865 to 0.960. It is found that otolith sizes and weight are good indicators of the total length and weight of S. hepatus.
Biomarkers are used as tools to assess biological changes that may reveal exposure of organisms t... more Biomarkers are used as tools to assess biological changes that may reveal exposure of organisms to environmental chemicals. In some cases, biomarkers are able to indicate that chemicals specifically affect metabolic pathways or physiological functions in exposed individuals. Therefore, biomarkers can be used as both diagnostic and predictive tools. More recently, the concept of “biomarkers” has gained popularity amongst environmental managers. There are many different biomarkers that occur at many different levels of organization from sub-cellular to wholeorganisms. Biomarkers at the molecular level tend to respond first, followed by responses at the cellular (biochemical and physiological), and whole-body levels. within this review, I will review the application of some biochemical and physiological biomarkers in aquatic environmental research. This review presents a synthesis of the state of the art in the methodology of biochemical and physiological biomarkers and its contributio...
A combination of biological monitoring (Biomonitoring) and measurements of water and sediment qua... more A combination of biological monitoring (Biomonitoring) and measurements of water and sediment quality can provide a good indication of conditions and potential risks to any water body, which is an essential step in the development of efficient decision support tools for environmental managers. This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of using blood metal concentrations of two fish species Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and Clarias gariepinus as biomarkers of metal pollution, for the first time, to evaluate the health of the River Nile environment. Water, sediment and fish samples were collected seasonally from eighteen different sampling points, representing six different sites (three points from each site) along the whole course of the River Nile in Egypt. The present result concluded higher mean concentrations of nearly all the detected heavy metals in water and sediment samples collected from sampling sites downstream River Nile (polluted sites) compared to thos...
The Red Sea is one of the key areas of biodiversity in the world. It is a hotspot for speciation ... more The Red Sea is one of the key areas of biodiversity in the world. It is a hotspot for speciation and biological invasions. In the current work, a pilot, random sampling trial was carried out to characterize some species in the landings reaching the fish market in Suez city, which is one of the largest fish markets in the Northern Red Sea. Samples of different fish species were subjected to the standard procedures of DNA barcoding, applying the sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (COI). DNA barcoding could successfully identify all the targeted fishes to the species-level (>98%). The results exhibited a taxonomically-versatile commercial trends in this market, being the collected species belonging to 7 different fish families and 3 orders. These species were Coris aygula, Papilloculiceps longiceps, Priacanthus sagittarious, Gerres longirostris, Alepes djedaba, Psettodes erumei Cheilinus trilobatus, Calotomus viridescens, and Pardachirus marmoratus. Ha...
The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, em... more The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, embracing a goal to eliminate hepatitis infection as a public health threat by 2030. This was followed by the World Health Organization's (WHO) global targets for the care and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. These announcements and targets were important in raising awareness and calling for action; however, tracking countries’ progress towards these elimination goals has provided insights to the limitations of these targets. The existing targets compare a country's progress relative to its 2015 values, penalizing countries who started their programmes prior to 2015, countries with a young population, or countries with a low prevalence. We recommend that (1) WHO simplify the hepatitis elimination targets, (2) change to absolute targets and (3) allow countries to achieve these disease targets with their own service coverage initiatives th...
... 4-7). The portion of females in Stages I and 2 was low for all months analysed, indicating th... more ... 4-7). The portion of females in Stages I and 2 was low for all months analysed, indicating that only a few large round herring are inactive ... The peak of the spawning season seems to lie in winter, an observation also made by Shelton (1986) on the basis of the abun-dance of ...
This work highlights the role of otolithic morphometrics, shape indices and ultrastructure in the... more This work highlights the role of otolithic morphometrics, shape indices and ultrastructure in the identification of three Mullidae species from the Red Sea. Differences in otolithic measurements were detectable in all three goatfish species. The statistical analysis of otolithic morphometric parameters showed that otolithic measurements are good indicators of fish size. The mean values of the six examined shape indices of the otholiths were considerably different among the three species, and the high degree of differentiation of these indices among species makes them useful for other researchers who wish to use otoliths in fish identification and classification. Remarkable variations in the morphological characteristics of fish otoliths were recorded among the studied species via scanning electron microscopy, including variations in the ornamentation of the ostium, cauda, and column of the otolith. These differences in otolithic characteristics and morphology might be useful for fish...
Otolith shape and morphology are used to identify fish species and population stocks. The aim of ... more Otolith shape and morphology are used to identify fish species and population stocks. The aim of this study was to distinguish the Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepede, 1802) and L. microdon (Valenciennes, 1830) (family: Lethrinidae) using otolith shape. The analyses apply the ShapeR package in R which enables to extract the outline and otolith morphology from images and for statistical examining of individual variation. Otoliths of 165 individuals from the two Lethrinus species were collected during 2019 and 2020. The wavelet levels were examined by using 6 wavelets to collect 63 coefficients. The regression between width and fish length were b = -0.03 (t = 2.6, P = 0.01) for L. lentjan and was significantly different (t = 2.120, P = 0.036) for L. microdon (b = 0.018).
In the present study, the relationships between sagittal otoliths (otolith length (OL), height (O... more In the present study, the relationships between sagittal otoliths (otolith length (OL), height (OH) and weight (OW)), fish size (fish length (TL) and weight (W)) in brown comber (Serranus hepatus, Linnaeus, 1758) were analysed. Fish specimens (N=504, 41–133 mm in TL and 1.05–31.98 g) were captured by bottom trawl vessels from off the Güllük Bay (Southern Aegean Sea) between January and December 2013. Left otolith pairs were used for calculations since there was no statistical differences between left and right otoliths (P>0.05). Regression formulas were used as follows: TL= 16.94*OL+10.14, TL= 26.77*OH+24.88, TL= 375.7*OW0.315, W= 0.251*OL2.431, W= 2.009*OH1.917, W= 854.0*OW+1.552, OH= 0.600*OL–0.394, OW= 0.00025*OL2.555 and OW= 0.001*OH2.007. Calculated regressions were revealed a high coefficient of determinations ranging from 0.865 to 0.960. It is found that otolith sizes and weight are good indicators of the total length and weight of S. hepatus.
Biomarkers are used as tools to assess biological changes that may reveal exposure of organisms t... more Biomarkers are used as tools to assess biological changes that may reveal exposure of organisms to environmental chemicals. In some cases, biomarkers are able to indicate that chemicals specifically affect metabolic pathways or physiological functions in exposed individuals. Therefore, biomarkers can be used as both diagnostic and predictive tools. More recently, the concept of “biomarkers” has gained popularity amongst environmental managers. There are many different biomarkers that occur at many different levels of organization from sub-cellular to wholeorganisms. Biomarkers at the molecular level tend to respond first, followed by responses at the cellular (biochemical and physiological), and whole-body levels. within this review, I will review the application of some biochemical and physiological biomarkers in aquatic environmental research. This review presents a synthesis of the state of the art in the methodology of biochemical and physiological biomarkers and its contributio...
A combination of biological monitoring (Biomonitoring) and measurements of water and sediment qua... more A combination of biological monitoring (Biomonitoring) and measurements of water and sediment quality can provide a good indication of conditions and potential risks to any water body, which is an essential step in the development of efficient decision support tools for environmental managers. This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of using blood metal concentrations of two fish species Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and Clarias gariepinus as biomarkers of metal pollution, for the first time, to evaluate the health of the River Nile environment. Water, sediment and fish samples were collected seasonally from eighteen different sampling points, representing six different sites (three points from each site) along the whole course of the River Nile in Egypt. The present result concluded higher mean concentrations of nearly all the detected heavy metals in water and sediment samples collected from sampling sites downstream River Nile (polluted sites) compared to thos...
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